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(共47张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修四课件
Unit 3 Careers and skills
Workbook Page 69-74
Exploring language
A.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box below. Page 69
budget loan anticipate commercial
criterion attain consultant prejudice
1. He failed to recognize the ___________ value of the technology.
2. What is the main ________ for assessing the candidates
3. —What’s your New Year’s resolution 新年计划
—I want to ______ all my learning goals.
commercial
criterion
attain
4. What do you want to be in the future, a ___________ or an interpreter / n t pr t (r)/ 口译工作者；口译译员
5. —What is the company’s _______ for the project
—Five million dollars.
6. —What do you __________ he will say to you
—I don’t know, Jake.
7. —How did Jane pay her tuition fees /tju n/ 学费 ,指导
—She applied for a student _____. (大学)学生贷款
8. We should not have _________ against women in the workplace.
consultant
budget
anticipate
loan
prejudice
B. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box below. Page 69
be fond of put ... under pressure
weigh up 认真考虑；权衡；斟酌
keep up with 熟悉，了解（消息、形势等）
by no means绝不；一点也不
earn a living
lay out铺开；摆开；展开; 布置；策划；安排；设计 ;清晰谨慎地提出，策划（计划、论点等）;花钱
follow up对…采取进一步行动；…后接着;追查更多情况
1. If you really want to _________ the whole event, we will present it to you in a very thorough way.
2. You should _________ the pros and cons of the two options.
3.Companies should not ____________________ to put profit ahead of safety.
4. _______________ the latest trends, she has to travel to Europe monthly.
present sth (to sb)（口头或书面）表达，表示
the pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对/pr / /k n/
follow up
weigh up
be put under pressure
To keep up with
5. Elizabeth tells me you and your mother __________ novels.
6. When we got home from work, we found that all the food ____________________ on the table.
7. After she graduated, she ______________ as a part-time news reporter.
8. It is ____________ certain that an agreement will be reached between the two companies.
Elizabeth/ l z b θ/伊丽莎白
are fond of
was/had been laid out
earned a living
by no means
D. Fill in the blanks with proper words or the correct forms of the words in the brackets. Page 70
Human beings differ greatly in regard to the (1) ________
(tend) to regard their lives as a whole. To some men it is natural to do so and essential to happiness to be able to do so with some (2) __________ (satisfy). To others,life is a series of incidents without directed movement and without unity. 人类在将自己的生活视为一个整体的倾向方面存在很大差异。对一些人来说，这样做是自然而然的，并且能够带着某种满足感这样做对幸福至关重要。对另一些人而言，生活是一系列没有明确方向、缺乏统一性的事件。
in/with regard to sb/sth关于；至于
tendency
satisfaction
I think the former are more likely to achieve happiness than the latter, since they will gradually build up those circumstances from (3) ______ they can derive contentment and self-respect. The others (4) ________________ (blow) about by the winds of circumstances, now this way, now that, without ever arriving at any shelter.我认为前者比后者更有可能获得幸福，因为他们会逐渐营造出能够从中获得满足感和自尊的环境。而后者会被环境的风吹来吹去，忽东忽西，永远找不到任何庇护之所。
cir·cum·stance / s k mst ns/ [ Cusually pl.]条件;环境;状况
build sth up创建；开发;增高；加强
de·rive /d ra v/获得;衍生
which
are/will be blown
The habit of (5) ________(view) life as a whole is an essential part both of wisdom and of true morality, and is one of the things which ought to be encouraged in education. (6) _________ (consistently) purpose is not enough to make life happy. (7) ________, it is an almost indispensable condition of a happy life. And it represents
(8) _____(it) mainly in work.将生活视为一个整体的习惯，既是智慧的重要组成部分，也是真正道德的重要组成部分，还是教育中应该鼓励培养的东西之一。仅有始终如一的目标并不足以使生活幸福，但它几乎是幸福生活不可或缺的条件，且主要体现在工作中。
in·dis·pens·able / nd spens bl/ 不可或缺的；必不可少的
represent成为…实例；成为典型；体现
viewing
Consistent
However
itself
Building skills
A. Reading and speaking Page 71
A1. If you had the chance to take a gap year, would you do it Read the magazine article below and answer the following questions.
By tradition, many students leaving school at 18 would go straight to university and study for three or four years before joining the world of work and beginning the slow climb up the career ladder. 按照传统，许多 18 岁毕业的学生通常会直接进入大学，学习三到四年后再踏入职场，开始缓慢地攀登职业阶梯。
gap year空缺年(常指中学毕业后上大学前所休的一年假期,用于实习或旅游)
climb提高地位；达到更高标准；晋升
However, nowadays, more and more young people travel to every point of the compass and work on projects for up to a year before returning to the UK to enter university.
A year between leaving school and starting university is known as a gap year. It is more than just a long holiday. 然而如今，越来越多的年轻人会前往世界各地，参与项目工作长达一年，之后再返回英国进入大学。 从高中毕业到进入大学之间的这一年被称为 “间隔年”。它不仅仅是一个漫长的假期
point 某地方；地点
work on sth/sb努力改善(或完成);努力说服(使某人答应或做某事)
Universities encourage students to take a year off, and more and more companies say they prefer to hire graduates who have taken a gap year rather than those who go straight from school to university.The reason for this preference is simple. A gap year gives young people an
opportunity to learn skills and gain life experience that schools cannot provide.It helps young people grow.大学鼓励学生休学一年，越来越多的企业也表示，相比从高中直接升入大学的毕业生，他们更倾向于雇佣有过间隔年经历的学生。这种偏好的原因很简单：间隔年为年轻人提供了学习学校无法传授的技能、积累生活经验的机会，帮助他们实现成长。
take a year off/a gap year 休学一年
gain增加；增添；增进；增长
Last year, Carol Smith went from the UK to Brazil, where she worked on a project to help save the Amazon rainforest. She said, “Living away from home in such a remote place taught me to be more independent. Of course, I missed home, but I’d certainly recommend it. I feel like I’ve really made a difference and helped protect the rainforest.”去年，卡罗尔 史密斯从英国前往巴西，参与了一个拯救亚马逊雨林的项目。她提到：“在如此偏远的地方离家生活，让我学会了更独立。虽然我确实想家，但我强烈推荐这样的经历。我觉得自己真正做出了改变，为保护雨林出了一份力。”
Amazon / m z n/亚马逊
Martin Johnson helped build a school in a poor part of India. He said he wanted to learn how to deal with difficult situations. He said he had learnt a lot by working with the local people. “I also helped people harvest their crops,
which was something I had never done before. It was very special, being part of another culture,” he said proudly.马丁 约翰逊则在印度贫困地区参与了一所学校的建设。他表示，自己想学习如何应对困境。通过与当地人合作，他收获颇丰：“我还帮人们收割庄稼，这是我以前从未做过的事。成为另一种文化的一部分，这种感觉非常特别。” 他自豪地说。
part [ C](世界、国家或城镇等的)区域,地区;[ U]成员;成分
For many students, a gap year teaches them how to work with a group of strangers and how to look after themselves. These are exactly the sort of skills employers are looking for. Mr Biggins, the manager of a major finance company, welcomes the extra experience that a gap year can bring to new workers. “We usually find that students who have taken a gap year are better able to work without needing direction, and they tend to work better with colleagues from different backgrounds.” 对许多学生而言，间隔年教会他们如何与一群陌生人合作，以及如何照顾自己 —— 而这些正是雇主所看重的技能。某大型金融公司经理比金斯先生十分认可间隔年为新员工带来的额外经验：“我们通常发现，有过间隔年经历的学生更能独立工作，不需要过多指导，也更善于与不同背景的同事合作。”
It is now accepted that a gap year is more than just a year away from studying.It is a time for personal development, learning new skills and seeing life in a
different way. As well as having a good time and making new friends, taking a gap year may give students an edge in the job market.如今，人们普遍认为间隔年不仅仅是脱离学业的一年。它是个人成长的阶段，是学习新技能、以不同视角看待生活的契机。除了享受时光、结交新朋友，经历间隔年或许还能让学生在就业市场中占据优势。
edge (on/over sb/sth) /ed / （微弱的）优势
1. What does the underlined phrase “give students an edge” in the last paragraph mean
“Give students an edge” here means that the skills gained from a gap year might give students an advantage over other applicants for a job.
2. According to the article, what skills and qualities might students gain during a gap year
Students might learn skills and gain life experience, becoming more independent and more ready to face challenges. They might get to know how to deal with difficult situations, how to work with a group of strangers or colleagues from different backgrounds, and how to look after themselves without the help of family or friends.
A2. In pairs, discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of taking a gap year. Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold/ yellow. Page 72
A: I read this article about students taking a gap year after graduating from high school. Is it really such a good idea Isn’t it better to go to university straightaway
straight·away / stre t we /= straight away,immediately; without delay立即；马上
B: It really depends on their reasons for taking a gap year. It might not be right for everyone. One strong argument for taking a gap year is that it gives us a chance to learn skills that we normally don’t learn in school.
A: Yes, I agree with panies sometimes do prefer graduates with real-world experience.
argument (for/against sth)/ (that...)论据；理由；论点
nor·mal·ly / n m li/ 通常；正常情况下;正常地；平常地
real-world存在于现实世界的；真实的
One argument against taking a gap year would be
that some companies aren’t necessarily looking for people who’ve taken a gap year. Instead, they are looking for applicants who can demonstrate independent thinking and a positive attitude. You can get these from school education as well.
B: I agree up to a point; however, just think about how exciting a gap year would be—new places, new people and perhaps a whole new culture!
dem·on·strate / dem nstre t/ 表达;表露;表现;显露,＝display
up to a (certain) point在某种程度上
Wouldn’t this be worthwhile When you adapt to a new environment, you get to step outside your comfort zone and develop your problem-solving skills.
A: Yeah, that does sound really exciting. But usually one needs to plan carefully to make the most of a gap year. Besides, taking a gap year can be very expensive,and you would also end up a year behind your peers.
get开始(感觉到、认识到、成为);达到…地步(或程度)
comfort zone 舒适区，放松区
make the most of sth/sb/yourself充分利用；尽情享受
B: Well, you certainly have a point there. It could be costly and time-consuming.
have a pointe 有道理
cost·ly / k stli/ 花钱多的;昂贵的;价钱高的;引起困难的;造成损失的
time-consuming费时的；耗时间的
B.Listening and writing
B1. The teacher is giving a lecture about internships. Listen to the lecture and tick what an internship can give to students. Page 72
in·tern·ship / nt n p/(学生或毕业生的)实习期;实习生
gen·er·ous / d en r s/ 慷慨的；大方的；慷慨给予的
a generous salary丰厚的薪水
√
√
√
√
√
Tapescript
Teacher: If you want to gain practical work experience, you need to get out of the classroom and consider getting an internship. Internships are jobs that companies design especially for university students to give them practical
experience in the career they are interested in pursuing after graduation.During an internship, you can learn new skills and get a better understanding of the job.
In addition, it is a great chance to make a good impression on managers of the company, who may be able to offer you a job after you graduate, or will at least provide you with some useful information.
Internships are available in almost every field, including computer programming, engineering and education. Most internships take place during the school summer holidays. Usually you don’t get paid much, but the experience that you gain can be very valuable.
en·gin·eer·ing / end n r / 工程(学)
For example, if you are studying architecture, you could work as an intern in a construction company and get experience in drawing up plans for new buildings.
If you are interested, the university’s Careers Guide Centre has information about companies that are currently offering internships.
in·tern / nt n/ ( in·terne )实习医生;实习学生;毕业实习生
draw sth up拟订;制订;起草;（车辆）到达某处停下，停止
Careers Guide Centre就业指导中心
B2. Two students are talking about their internships after the lecture. Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below.
a TV station
facts (of news stories)
news programme
cameras
citizens’
pollution
write
the official
Tapescript
Shelly: Hi, Greg. How are you How’s your internship going
Greg: It’s great! It’s my third week now working at a TV station, and I’m learning so much.
Shelly: Wow, that sounds interesting! What do you do there
Greg: Well, I help check facts of news stories for the evening news programme. I’m also learning how to direct a news programme, which includes deciding what news stories to show and directing the cameras during the programme.
dir·ect /d rekt/ 管理；监督；指导;导演（戏剧或电影）；指挥（管弦乐队）
Shelly: That sounds really cool.
Greg: How’s yours going
Shelly: Well, it’s interesting too. It’s quite hard work, but I’m learning a lot.
Greg: Where are you working
Shelly: In a local government office. Because my major is related to the government, I got an internship as an assistant to a local official. Many citizens call with questions and complaints about traffic, crime and so on, and I try to help them and answer their questions.
I also do research on problems such as pollution and I write reports about what I have learnt from the research. Then I give them to the official to help him make decisions about how to deal with these problems.
Greg: That sounds very interesting. Do you want to be a government official in the future then
Shelly: Well, I’ve learnt that officials have a lot of responsibilities, and that sometimes it’s difficult to make the best decisions for the people. But I’ll definitely give it
a try. How about you Do you see a future in TV
future前途；前程
Greg: Yes, I definitely want to work for a TV station when I graduate. It’s very exciting!
B3. Write a letter applying for one of the following internships. Include information about yourself and why you would be suitable for the position. Page 73
Publishing house
(Two-month internship)
Read scripts and write script summaries
阅读脚本并撰写脚本摘要
Select video clips
Write blog posts
Conduct interviews
script /skr pt/ 剧本；电影剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿;脚本（程序）（计算机的一系列指令）
clip(电影、广播、电视节目的) 片段
Travel agency旅行社 (One-month internship)
Help make recommendations to travellers
Review, submit and process travel documents for approval and payment 审核、提交和处理旅行文件的批准和付款
Maintain the customer database
rec·om·men·da·tion / rek men de n/ 正式建议；提议；推荐；介绍；推荐信；求职介绍信
re·view /r vju / 校阅；审核
pro·cess / pr ses/ 审阅，审核，处理（文件、请求等）
travel documents旅行证件
Animal hospital (Two-week internship)
Work at the reception desk, answer phone calls and make
appointments with clients
Help look after animals
the reception desk服务台
(Possible answer)
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to apply for the internship at your animal hospital. My name is Penny Jones, and I am currently studying at Central High School. Since I do well in Science
subjects, particularly Biology, I aim to major in a related subject at university, and I hope to have a career where I can work with animals. The internship at your animal
hospital would be an excellent opportunity to apply what I have learnt and gain some valuable work experience.
major in sth主修
When I saw your job advertisement in today’s newspaper, I knew I had to apply.
What makes me a perfect fit for the position is that I love animals and keep several pets myself: I have a dog and two cats with special needs, so I know the difficulties of looking after sick animals. My friends often ask me to take care of their pets when they go travelling, which means I can deal with different kinds of animals. I am definitely not afraid of getting my hands dirty, or the challenges.
fit匹配；相配, a perfect fit完美契合
I am also comfortable dealing with people and I have work experience in the service industry. Since last summer, I have been working part-time at Carolyn’s coffee shop.
I may only see people for a few minutes of their day, but I believe I can do my best to make that time as pleasant as possible. Dealing with people’s individual needs and ensuring they feel welcome and relaxed is part of my daily work at the coffee shop.
comfortable轻松的; 自在的;使人舒服的；舒适的
deal with sb对付；应付；对待;解决；处理；
The owner is very pleased with my work and my customers find me polite and friendly. This experience will definitely be useful when dealing with pet owners.
My school term ends next week, which will make me available from Monday the 25th onwards. I hope you will consider my application.
Yours faithfully,（正式信末署名前的套语）
Penny Jones
from... onwards从（某时）起一直
faith·ful·ly / fe θf li/ 准确地;如实地;仔细地;忠实地;忠诚地
Appreciating language Page 74
Think twice before choosing a career. Read aloud the excerpt below about the advice Robert Louis Stevenson gave to a young man who wanted to become an artist.
think twice about (doing) sth三思而行；慎重考虑后再决定
A Letter to a Young Gentleman
Who Proposes to Embrace the Career of Art
致一位意欲投身艺术事业的青年绅士的信
Should you or should you not become an artist It is one which you must decide entirely for yourself; all that I can do is to bring under your notice some of the materials of that decision; and I will begin, as I shall probably conclude also, by assuring you that all depends on the vocation.你究竟该不该成为一名艺术家？这完全需要你自己决定；我所能做的，只是让你注意到一些影响该决定的因素。我将从 “一切取决于天职” 这一点开始阐述 —— 或许也会以此作为结论。
pro·pose/pr p z/ 打算;希冀;计划
bring sth. under your notice引起你对...的注意
as·sure / (r)/ 使确信；向…保证
vo·ca·tion/v ke n/工作,职业,生活方式;(认为某种工作或生活方式特别适合自己的)信心,使命感
To know what you like is the beginning of wisdom and of old age. Youth is wholly experimental. The essence and charm of those anxious and delightful years is ignorance of self as well as ignorance of life. 了解自己所爱，是智慧的开端，也是成熟的标志。青春完全是一场实验。那些焦虑又愉悦的岁月，其本质与魅力在于对自我的懵懂，也在于对生活的未知。
whol·ly / h lli/ completely,totally完全地;全面地;整体地
ex·peri·men·tal / k sper mentl/ 以实验(或试验)为基础的;实验性的;试验性的
es·sence / esns/ 本质；实质；精髓
de·light·ful /d la tfl/ 使人快乐的；令人愉快的；宜人的
These two unknowns the young man brings together again and again, now in the airiest touch,now with a bitter hug; now with exquisite pleasure, now with cutting pain; but never with indifference,to which he is a total stranger.年轻人一次又一次地将这两个未知之物交织在一起：时而如轻拂羽翼般触碰，时而如痛苦拥抱般紧缠；时而体验极致的欢愉，时而承受刺骨的伤痛；但从未漠然处之 —— 他与冷漠全然无缘。
un·known / n n n/ 不明的情况;未知的因素;未知数;未知量
airy / e ri/ 无忧无虑的；无所谓的；漫不经心的
ex·quis·ite / k skw z t/ 剧烈的;强烈的 cutting凛冽的;刺骨的
in·dif·fer·ence (to sb/sth) / n d fr ns/ 漠不关心;冷淡;不感兴趣;无动于衷
be no/a stranger to sth.熟悉（或不熟悉）某事；习惯（或不习惯）某事
If he is a sensitive young man that easily gets carried away by emotion, the interest of this series of experiments grows upon him out of all proportion to the pleasure he
receives.It is not beauty that he loves, nor pleasure that he seeks, though he may think so; his sufficient reward is to confirm his own existence and taste the variety of human fate. 如果他是个敏感、容易被情感左右的年轻人，这一系列 “实验” 的吸引力会远超他从中获得的快乐。他所爱的未必是美，所追求的也未必是享乐，尽管他可能自以为如此；对他而言，足够的回报是确认自身的存在，并品味人生百态的滋味。
get/be carried away变得很激动；失去自制力
out of all proportion to sth.不相称；不谐调
If you recognize in yourself some such decisive taste, there is no room for hesitation: follow your calling. And observe that the disposition does not usually burn so brightly at first, or rather not so constantly. 如果你在自己身上察觉到类似的、具有决定性的志趣，那么无需犹豫：追随你的志趣吧。要知道，这种性情通常并非从一开始就光芒万丈，或者说，它并非始终如一。
de·cisive /d sa s v/ 决定性的；关键的
taste (for/in sth)爱好；志趣 room for sth可能性；机会
hesitation/ h z te n/迟疑; 不愿意；犹豫
call·ing / k l / 使命感;(尤指想帮助他人的)强烈愿望,责任感;职业;事业
dis·pos·ition / d sp z n/ 性格；性情;倾向；意向
burn发光；发亮 rather更确切地讲，更准确地说
Habit and practice sharpen gifts; the necessity of toil grows less disgusting, grows even welcome,in the course of years; a small taste waxes into an exclusive passion.习惯与实践会磨砺天赋；年复一年，劳作的必然性不再令人厌恶，甚至会变得受欢迎；微弱的兴趣会逐渐演变成专一的热爱。
sharpen (sth) (up)（使）提高，改善;（使）变得锋利
toil/t l/v./n. 辛苦工作;（长时间）苦干，辛勤劳作
dis·gust·ing /d s ɡ st / 极糟的;令人不快的;令人厌恶的;令人气愤的
wel·come / welk m/ 令人愉快的；受欢迎的
wax /w ks/（数量、规模等）增加，变大
ex·clu·sive / k sklu s v/专用的,专有的,独有的,独占的;排斥的;排他的
Enough,just now, if you can look back over a period of time and see that your chosen art has a little more than held its own among the interests of youth. Time will do the rest, if devotion helps it; and soon your every thought will be absorbed in that beloved occupation. / kju pe n/工作；职业
(Adapted from Across the Plains with Other Memories and Essays, by Robert Louis Stevenson) 如今，只要你回顾一段时间，发现自己选择的艺术在青春的诸多兴趣中已占据一席之地，便已足够。如果辅以热忱，时间自会完成余下的一切；不久后，你所有的思绪都将被这挚爱的事业所倾注。
（改编自罗伯特 路易斯 史蒂文森的《穿越平原及其他回忆与随笔》）
hold your own 坚守立场;(使自己)立于不败之地
ab·sorbed in / b s bd/ 被…吸引住;专心致志;全神贯注
be·loved钟爱的；深受喜爱的;深爱的；亲爱的

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