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Unit 4 Grammar and usage
Verd-ed forms 过去分词
Observe the table below
past participle as attributives
过去分词做定语
a closed door
a broken window
a polluted river
归纳1：单个过去分词作定语放于其修饰的名词之____。
前
Find out the rules
=The player _____ _____ loved by many people is Yao Ming.
The player loved by many people is Yao Ming.
that/who
is
Find out the rules
A lady dressed in white is Zhao Liying .
=The lady________ ____dressed in white is Zhao Liying.
who/that is
归纳2：过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其修饰的名词之____，其作用相当于一个_________。
后
定语从句
a. the color TV set produced last year
= the color TV set that was produced last year
b. a letter written to me by my daughter
= a letter that was written to me by my daughter
一封我女儿写给我的信
去年生产的彩色电视机
V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
Find out the rules
1.The suggestion made by experts was adopted by the manager.
2.The meeting, attended by twenty students, was a great success.
3.Excited people are waiting for their hero.
归纳三：
1.过去分词作定语，表示_______和_____ __的意思。表示动作已经完成。
2.过去分词作定语也可以用作非限制性定语，前后用_______隔开。
被动
完成
逗号
3.有些过去分词已转化成形容词，表示“感到……的”，通常用来修饰人。 常用的此类词有：excited, amazed, astonished, shocked等。
V-ed有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。
a. The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.
=The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.
去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。
b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。
=Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
1.单个的过去分词作定语,放在被修饰词的______。
2.过去分词短语则放在被修饰词的______，相当于一个定语从句。
3.过去分词作定语，表示_______和_____ __的意思。表示动作已经完成。
4.过去分词作定语也可以用作非限制性定语，前后用_______隔开。
前面
被动
完成
逗号
后面
Conclusion 1
5.有些过去分词已转化成形容词，表示“感到……的”，通常用来修饰人。 常用的此类词有：excited, amazed, astonished, shocked等。
过去分词（done)、现在分词的被动语态（being done)与动词不定式的被动语态（to be done)作定语的区别：
done：被动、完成
being done: 被动、进行 “正被”
to be done：被动、尚未发生 “将被”
The building built last year is our classroom building.
The building being built now is our classroom building.
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
Practice 1
1.The house (build) in 1920 has historical significance.
2.The emails (send) yesterday require a response.
3.We have read many novels (write) by this author.
4.The computer (produce) last year is helpful.
5.The problem (discuss) yesterday has something to do with us.
6. The problem (discuss) now has something to do with us.
7.The problem (discuss) tomorrow has something to do with us.
built
sent
written
produced
discussed
being discussed
to be discussed
Practice 1
8. The book ____________________(农民写的书) is very populary.
9. The building ________________（去年建的楼) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
10.The children ______________________________（昨天在医院检查的 孩子） was very difficult to treat.
written by a farmer
built last year
examined at the hospital yesterday
past participle as adverbs
过去分词做状语
过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。
1.过去分词作时间状语
Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．
=When it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了
② (ask) what had happened, he kept silent.
当被问到发生了什么时，他保持沉默。
① (see)from the top of the building, our
school looks beautiful.
从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。
(When it is)
(When he was)
1. 作时间状语
seen
asked
过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
2.过去分词作原因状语
Worried about the speech competition, I was unsettled these days．
=Because I was worried about the speech competition, I was unsettled these days．由于担心演讲比赛，我这几天感到不安。
② (bite)by the cobra, the man was in danger.
因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。
① (destroy) by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found.
由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。
(As/Because it has been)
(Because he was)
2. 作原因状语
destroyed
bitten
过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
3.过去分词作条件状语
Given a few minutes, I’ll finish the task．
=If I am given a few minutes, I’ll finish the task．
再给我几分钟的时间，我就会完成这个任务。
(punish) by the parents, he won't come again.
(If he is)
他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。
3. 作条件状语
punished
过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。
4.过去分词作让步状语
Invited by him, I won’t take part in the party．
=Though I was invited by him, I won’t take part in the party．
即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会。
(Although he was)
虽然他今天很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。
4. 作让步状语
（tire）today, he went on working.
tired
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。
5.过去分词作方式/伴随状语
The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse．
=The patient got off the bed, and he was supported by the nurse.那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。
② (absorb)in the work, he neglected food and sleep.
他专心于工作，废寝忘食。
① She walked out of the house, (follow) by her little daughter.
她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。
(and she was)
(He was)
5. 作伴随或方式状语
followed
absorbed
and
Conclusion 2
过去分词（短语）作状语，表时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随等情况, 相当于一个状语从句。
1. 作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句
2. 作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。
3. 作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导状语从句
4. 作让步状语 ，可转换为although, though/even if等引导的状语从句。
5. 作方式或伴随状语 ，则可转换为and并列结构。
即时训练3
Practice 2
1.When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.
用过去分词作状语的形式改写句子
___________________________, the park looks more beautiful.
2. As the children were exhausted and tired, they fell asleep at once,
____________ ,the children fell asleep at once,
3.If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better.
___________________, she would certainly have done much better.
4. He stood there silently and was moved to tears.
He stood there silently, ________________.
Seen from the top of the hill
exhausted and tired
Given more time
moved to tears
past participle as object complements
过去分词做宾语补足语
V-ed作宾语补足语表示被动或完成的意义。
V-ed与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：
某些及物动词（make等）
+
直接宾语（名词或代词）
+
宾语补足语
Everyone calls him
(宾语)
(宾补)
(主语)
(谓语)
Tom.
宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________, 对宾语起____________的作用。
之后
补充说明
What is object complement
I saw her _______ (bite) by a dog.
bitten
过去分词用在感官动词_______________________________等之后表示__________________________。
see,watch, feel, find,hear, notice
感受到某人或某物被……
Fill in the blanks
归纳一
感官动词+宾语+宾补
① When we got to school, we saw the door _____ (lock).
② He found his house ______ (break) into when he got back home.
Practice
locked
broken
I raised my voice to make myself _______. (hear)
heard
have, make, get, keep, leave
“使/ 让 …”
Fill in the blanks
归纳二
过去分词用在_________________________等使役动词之后，表示_____________.
使役动词+宾语+宾补
① You'd better keep the guests _______ (inform) of what happened outside.
② We're having our car ________ (repair).
③ I'm trying to get this article _______ (write) for Thursday.
④ She had to shout to make herself _______ (hear) above the sound of the music.
Practice
informed
repaired
written
heard
With many flowers __________(plant) around
the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
planted
在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
Fill in the blanks
归纳三
with+宾语+宾补
Practice
① The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ (tie) behind
his back.
② With water _______ (heat), we can see the steam.
③ With the matter _______ (settle), we all went home.
tied
heated
settled
(表方式)
(表条件)
(表原因)
Conclusion 3
1.I saw him bitten by a dog.
2.Jack has his hair cut yesterday.
4.The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
这些词后常接V-ed作宾语补足语
感官动词
使役动词
with +宾语＋宾补结构
即时训练2
Practice 3
Translate sentences by using the past participle as the object complement.
1.我发现我的钱包被偷了。
2.我听见这首歌被唱了好几次
3.我们看见那小偷被警察抓住了
4.人们发现水被污染了。
5.我们已使我们的观点被他们知道
I found my wallet stolen.
I heard the song sung a few times.
We saw the thief/stealer caught by the policeman.
People found the water polluted.
We have made our ideas known by them .
Applying the rules
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Watching the __________ (finishing/finished) painting, Alice couldn't help smiling.
2. Most of the artists __________ (inviting/invited) to the party were from South Africa.
3. Do you still remember the Olympic Games________(held/holding)
in Beijing in 2008
4. The __________ (surprising/surprised) look on her face suggested that she hadn't known the news before.
The stranger spoke in a __________ (frighten) voice.
5. There are many ________ (fallen / falling) leaves on the street.
finished
invited
held
surprised
fallen
frightening
a shocked look
a thrilling/trembling voice
6. Some people never desire the happiness __________ (belong) to others; they always believe they have their own.
7. The professor sat in the front of the hall, ________(prepare) for the lecture.
8. ________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
9. The lady returned home, ________ (follow) by the famous detective Holmes.
10. (see) from the train window, the mountains of Canada looked massive.
(see) from the train window, I found that the mountains of Canada looked massive.
followed
Ordered
preparing
belonging
Seen
Seeing

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