资源简介

(共14张PPT)
主谓一致
所谓“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致是主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致，主语的单、复数形式决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。
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语法一致、意义一致、就近原则
语法一致原则
主语和谓语在单复数形式上保持一致，即主语名词中心词是复数形式，谓语动词即为复数形式，主语为单数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词即为单数形式。
The boy is playing basketball now.
The boys are playing basketball now.
Either answer is correct.
Both answers are correct.
意义一致原则
谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的单复数意义，而非其语法形式。
1.名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、距离、度量、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Seven kilometers is a long walk to me.
One hundren dollars is too much to pay for this shirt.
2. 一些以“-s”结尾的名词表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
This news is important for us.
Physics is my favorite subject.
3. 一些集合名词作主语时表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式。如：clothing、luggage、furniture、equipment、jewelry、machinery等。
My luggage was sent by air.
The equipment of our factory is designed by Chinese.
4. 一些集合名词形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数，即“形单意复”。如：people、police、cattle、poultry等。
More and more people attend open university.
The police have arrested the murderer.
5.不定式、 现在分词和从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
To start from now on is never too late.
Reducing the use of plastic bags is good for ecological protection.
6. 一些集合名词既可表示单数概念，也可表示复数概念。如：family, class, audience, public, government等
(1) 当视为整体时表示单数，谓语动词用单数形式；
That family is a happy one.
(2) 当视为个体时，谓语动词用复数。
The family are having lunch now.
7. and/both...and...连接两个主语时，
(1) 表示两个不同的人或物时，为复数意义，谓语动词用复数;
Reading and writing are very important.
(2) 表示同一个人或物时，为单数意义，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and writer is my aunt.
8. 复合不定代词作主语时，视为单数，谓语动词用单数。
There is something wrong with my watch.
Nothing is imposible if you put your heart into it.
9. 有些短语，如: a lot of, most of, any of, half of, some of, none of, the rest of, all of, 百分数，分数等后接不可数名词或单数名词时，谓语动词用单数；接可数名词的复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。
A lot of money was spent on poverty reduction.
Most of e-books have replaced the printed books.
About three fouths of the surface of the earth is water.
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
1.主语后有with, as well as, together with, along with, like, but, as well as, except, including, rather than, besides等引导的单词或短语时，谓语的单复数和前面的主语的单复数保持一致。
The teacher along with his students is attending the lecture.
The students together with their teacher are going to attend the exam.
就近/就远原则
2.由not only...but also..., not...but..., neither...nor..., either...or..., or等连接两个并列主语时，其谓语的单复数和其靠近的主语的单复数保持一致。（there be 句式也是如此）
Not only the students but also the teacher hasn’t come.
Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music.
Either you or I am to blame.
There is a book and two pens on the desk.
就近/就远原则
单句语法填空
1.The student, together with his classmates, _______ (go) to the park every Sunday.
2. Either the man or his brothers _____________ (invite) to the party last night.
3. Not only food but also some clothes _____________ (send) to that area so far.
4. It is you, rather than your sister, ______ (be) to blame for the accident.
goes
were invited
have been sent
are
单句语法填空
1.The family _______________ (have) dinner when someone knocked at the door.
2. None of them _________ (be) willing to present themselves on the platform.
3. When to hold a meeting _______________ (decide) already.
4. Listening to music before the exam always _____ (help) you to relax.
were having
are/is
has been decided
helps
单句语法填空
1.Two thirds of the money ______________ (spend) on this project since last year.
2. 参加这个活动的人的数量是500。
__________________________________________________
3. 四分之三的村民现在生活得很幸福。
_____________________________________________________________________
has been spent
The number of the people taking part in the activity is 500.
Three quarters/Three fourths of the villagers are leading
a happy life now.
选择正确的答案
1.Look! There ______ (is/are) a bag and some books on the long table.
2.The teacher and writer _____(is/are) talking to the children kindly.
3.A number of runners ____(was/were) very tired after the long journey.
4.The boy as well as his classmates____(play/plays) football on the playground after school.
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