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专题2 名词
考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势
考点01 动词/名词转化为名词 （5年8考） 2025年全国一卷—guidance； 2025年浙江1月卷—solution； 2024年全国甲卷—completion； 2023年新课标II卷—arrival； 2023年全国甲卷—warning； 2022年全国甲卷—protection； 2021年新课标II卷—representative； 2021年全国乙卷—development。 1. 词形转换与复数考查为核心 2. 可数性与所有格为高频错误点 2021-2025年高考名词考点的核心逻辑是“在语境中考查语法规则的精准应用”。备考时需构建 “基础规则-语境分析-文化适配”的三维能力体系，尤其关注词形转换、复数规则、所有格及抽象名词具体化四大核心模块。通过真题精析与模拟训练，可有效提升名词考点的解题效率与准确性。
考点02 形容词转化为名词 （5年3考） 2025年全国二卷—absence； 2024年新课标I卷—richness； 2022年全国乙卷—responsibility。
考点03 名词单数变复数 （5年14考） 2025年全国二卷—afternoons； 2025年浙江1月卷—times； 2024年新课标I卷—favourites； 2024年新课标II卷—themes； 2024年全国甲卷—treasures； 2023年新课标II卷—interviews； 2023年全国甲卷—butterfly改为butterflies； 2023年全国乙卷—wonders； 2022年新课标I卷—populations； 2022年全国乙卷—bicycle改为bicycles； 2021年新课标I卷—humans； 2021年全国甲卷—watchtowers； 2021年全国乙卷—Activities； 2021年全国乙卷—dish改为dishes。
考点04 考查名词所有格 （5年3考） 2025年浙江1月卷—people’s； 2022年新课标II卷—son’s； 2021年浙江卷1月—person’s。
考点01 考查动词/名词转化为名词
1.【2025年全国一卷】In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘___________ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
2.【2025年浙江1月卷】Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ___________ (solve) to one-time event dressing.
3.【2024年全国甲卷】They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ___________ (complete) of their journey.
4.【2023年新课标II卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
5.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson's theme is a more weighty ___________ (warn) about environmental destruction.
6. 【2022年全国甲卷】Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).
7. 【2021年新课标II卷】A company ___________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
8. 【2021年全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___________ (develop) of the local areas.
考点02 考查形容词转化为名词
9.【2025年全国二卷】The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ___________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
10.【2024年新课标I卷】The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ___________ (rich) of gardening in England.
11. 【2022年全国乙卷】As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ___________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
考点03 考查名词单数变复数
12.【2025年全国二卷】The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky ___________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
13.【2025年浙江1月卷】As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ___________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
14.【2024年新课标I卷】These plants included modern Western ___________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
15.【2024年新课标II卷】Although they could never have met, there are common ___________ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
16.【2024年全国甲卷】They are ___________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
17.【2023年新课标II卷】They also need to be ready to give ___________ (interview)in English with international journalists.
18.【2023年全国甲卷】（短文改错）The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.
19.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ___________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
20.【2022年新课标I卷】The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
21.【2022年全国乙卷】（短文改错）Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
22.【2021年新课标I卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ___________ (human) are.
23.【2021年全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
24.【2021年全国乙卷】___________ (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
25.【2021年全国乙卷】（短文改错）I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
考点04 考查名词所有格
【2025年浙江1月卷】“I really want to make this work for ___________ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
27.【2022年新课标II卷】“He saved my ___________ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
28.【2021年浙江1月卷】It is calculated by dividing a ___________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
参考答案与解析
考点01 考查动词/名词转化为名词
1. 答案：guidance。解析：名词。空处在物主代词your之后,需要一个名词作follow的宾语,表示"引导",故填guidance。
2. 答案：solution。解析：名词。空处作 providing的宾语,其前有冠词和形容词修饰,故填名词solution。
3. 答案：completion。解析：名词根据前面的the和后面的of可知,空处应用名词,故填completion。句意：在旅行结束时他们都同意（这个想法）并承诺要推广这个想法。
4. 答案：arrival。解析：名词分析句子结构可知,空处作介词before的宾语,跟在定冠词the的后面,需要用名词,arrive的名词形式是 arrival。故填arrival。
5. 答案：warning。解析：名词。分析句子结构可知,空前有冠词和形容词修饰,故空处应填名词warning。句意：然而,卡森的主题是一个更严肃的关于环境破坏的警告。
6. 答案：protection。解析：根据空前的形容词environmental可知, 空处应用名词。此处表示"环境保护", 故填protection。
7. 答案：representative。解析：根据该句的谓语动词"wrote back"可知,该处指"一位公司代表",故用名词representative。句意：一位公司代表写信回我说,该航空公司每天的1200架次航班正在从使用塑料杯转向使用纸杯。
8. 答案：development。解析：空格在冠词the之后, 应填名词development（发展）。
考点02 考查形容词转化为名词
9. 答案：absence。解析：此处为"the +名词+of..."；结构,空处应用所给词的名词形式,故填absence。句意：在我住的地方,晒干的衣物散发着特别的香味,这要归功于没有雾霾和大量蓝色天空的下午,还有大量的新鲜空气。
10. 答案：richness。解析：根据the和of可知,此处应用名词；rich的名词形式为richness,是不可数名词。故填richness。
11. 答案：responsibility。解析：根据空前的不定冠词"a"可知, 此处填名词responsibility。
考点03 考查名词单数变复数
12. 答案：afternoons。解析：名词复数。根据前文的"plenty of"；可知,这里afternoon要用复数形式,应填afternoons。
13. 答案：times。解析：名词复数。time在此意为"次,回"；,是可数名词,其前有fewer修饰,故填复数形式times。
14. 答案：favourites。解析：modern Western是形容词,此处应用名词；favourite是可数名词,应用名词复数。故填favourites。
15. 答案：themes。解析：根据"there are"可知,此处应用名词复数themes。句意：虽然他们可能从未见过面,但是他们的作品中有共同的主题。
16. 答案：treasures。解析：根据空前的are和空后的of可知,空处应用名词复数,故填treasures。句意：它们是美国遗产中的珍宝。
17. 答案：interviews。解析：分析句子结构可知,空处作动词give的宾语,需要用名词。根据空后的"with international journalists"（和国际记者）可知,空处表示复数意义,所以空处需要填interviews。
18. 答案：butterfly改成butterflies。解析：此处表示复数概念。
19. 答案：wonders。解析：wonder在此表示"奇迹,奇观"；,是可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,应用复数。故填wonders。
20. 答案：populations。解析：population 在这里表示"种群"；,是可数名词,由空前的separate可知应填名词复数populations。
21. 答案：bicycle改为bicycles。解析：句意：如果我们用自行车代替汽车, 我们的世界将会变得更加美好。此处bicycle应与前面的cars保持一致, 改为复数bicycles。
22. 答案：humans。解析：本空作宾语从句主语we的同位语,故应该用名词的复数形式。
23. 答案：watchtowers。解析：句意为：一般看来, 人们花两个小时就能骑完全程, 但是我们在不同的大门和瞭望塔前都停下来拍照, 或只是观察当地人忙着自己的日常事务。watchtower意为"瞭望塔", 为可数名词, 其前有different修饰, 应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。
24. 答案：Activities。解析：本空做主语, 且本句的谓语动词是range, 故主语应是名词复数activities, 空格位于句首, 首字母应大写。
25. 答案：dish改为dishes。解析：do the dishes为固定搭配, 意为"洗碗"；。故将dish改为dishes。
考点04 考查名词所有格
26. 答案：people’s。解析：空处修饰名词lives，应用名词所有格形式，故填people’s，表示“人们的”。
27. 答案：son’s。解析：根据语境"他救了我儿子的命"；可知,life与所给出的son之间是所属关系,故应用名词所有格son’s。
28. 答案：person’s。解析：句意为：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方,体重指数在19到25之间被认为是健康的。根据句意可知, 此处表示"一个人的体重", 表示所属关系, 应使用名词所有格, 故填person’s。

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