资源简介

(共23张PPT)
Sentence Elements
句子成分
&
Basic Sentence Patterns
基本句型
Sentence Elements 句子成分
subject (主语)
predicate (谓语)
object (宾语): direct object（直接宾语）(DO)& indirect object（间接宾语）(IO)
predicative (表语)/ subject complement (主语补语)
attributive (定语)
adverbial (状语)
object complement (宾语补足语)
appositive (同位语)
学习句子成分有几点须弄明白
1. 句子的主干部分：主、谓、宾、表；句子的修饰成分：定、状、补、同位语
2. 句子中某一成分不要只理解为一个单词，它可以是以单词、词组或句子的形式出现；
3. 分清整体与局部的关系；要明白XX作XX的(成分)；如：...作...的宾语；
4. 主、宾、表、同表示名词性质；定语表示形容词性质；状语表副词性质
5. 短语动词，短语名词可当成一个单词来看，不必拆分，所以学习单词时最好以意群或语块为单位进行；
6. 词性是对单词进行分类，是一个单词的性质; 成分是对句子而言, 一个成分可以是单词，短语，句子, 是句子中的某一个意群。
一．主语： 谓语动词前，动作的执行者。
划出句子的主语，并说出主语的构成：单词及词性/ 短语/ 句子
1. English is widely used all over the world. 名词做主语
2. We like English very much.
3. They often speak English after class.
4. One third of the students in our class are good at English.
5. To master a foreign language is necessary.
=It is necessary to master a foreign language.
6. To swim in summer is a great pleasure.
=It is a great pleasure to swim in summer.
7. Playing football in the street is dangerous.
8. Learning new words is very useful to me.
9. What he said is true.
10. Why he failed the English exam wasn’t clear.
二．谓语
a. 主语所做的动作或具有的状态。
b. 可以由连系动词(be, become,　smell…), 及物动词(vt,后须带宾语), 不及物动词(vi,后不直接带宾语),　情态动词(must, may, can…)加动词原形及短语动词来充当；
c. 谓语动词的时态与语态；
d. 不作谓语的动词称为非谓语动词，动词作其它成分。
请划出句子的谓语
1. He looked a bit excited.
2. They have been here for several days.
3. Li Ming fell ill last week.
4. The foreign guests have already left.
5. They have five English lessons every week.
6. I have not finished my work yet.
7. I must learn to speak English.
8. We are looking forward to hearing from you.
9. We are going to call on him tonight.
10. Tom fell off the bike yesterday and hurt himself.
三．宾语：a. 及物动词后，动作的对象；介词后作介词宾语。（...作...的宾语）
请划出句子的宾语，并说出...作...的宾语。
1. He is going to buy a dictionary.
2. We are thinking about the plan.
3. We are thinking about the plan.
4. We should respect the old and love the young.
5. I don’t know whether she likes the bag.
6. She is considering studying abroad.
7. I hope to see you soon again.
8. I think it our duty that we should protect the environment.
四．表语：放在连系动词后,表示主语的内容、状态和特征等
请划出句子的表语。
1. The food smells good/nice.
2. The country music is becoming more and more popular.
3. The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.
4. My wish is to become a scientist.
5. We are against/ for the plan.
6. My idea is that we should stick to our plan.
7. The speech is exciting.
8.His hobby is learning English.
五．定语：用来限定，修饰名词或代词。要注意定语后置的情况(介词短语/doing;done;to do短语/形容词修饰不定代词any-, every-, no-, some- 和 -body,-one, -thing 等/形容词短语/定语从句/两个形容词用and 或or连接作定语，进一步说明作用时。（...限定...(名、代)）
请划出句子的定语，并说出限定对象。
1. Hangzho is a beautiful city
2. More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
3. He is reading something interesting.
4. The bridge built 100 years ago is being repaired.
5. The man in the room below is friendly.
6. You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises.
7. He is a teacher whom every student likes.
8. I still remember the day when I first met her.
9. People, young or old, are needed in this world.
六．状语: a. 用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子； b. 说明时间,地点,条件,原因,目的,结果,程度,伴随等情况。
请划出句子的状语。
1. Light travels most quickly. He drives his car carefully.
2. He has lived in the city since ten years ago.
3. Factories and buildings are seen here and there.
4. To buy a computer, I need money.
5. I will do what I can to help you.
6. Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask Mary for advice.
7. I must work harder so that I may catch up with him.
8. When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.
七．宾语补足语 ： 有些宾语后须跟宾补,否则句子意义不完整,用来说明宾语的状态或特征。
请划出句子的补语。
1. His father named/called him Xiao Ming.
2. We consider Mr. Smith an excellent teacher.
3. They painted the wall white.
4. We find English interesting.
5. We found everything in the room in good order.
6. The teacher encouraged us to work hard at English.
7. We saw him cross the street.
8. We will soon make our city what your city is now.
八．同位语： a. 用来对名词或代词的进一步解释,可由单词,短语或从句来充当; b. 可以理解为：名语A=名词B, B作为A的同位语。
请划出句子的同位语。
1. Beijing, the capital of China, is my hometown.
2. The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money.
3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.
4. I am looking for a job driving cars.
5. The news that they have won the game is true.
6. The question whether we should go on with the work hasn’t been discussed.
7. He gave the order that the work should be started at once.
(1) S+IV
(主语+不及物动词）
(2) S+TV+DO
(主语+及物动词+宾语）
(3) S+LV+C
(主语+系动词+表语）
(4) S+TV+IO+DO
(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）
(5) S+TV+DO+OC
(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语）
3. Basic sentence patterns
基本句型
(1) S+IV
subject + intransitive verb (主语+不及物动词）
1. My Dad and I laughed.
2. Time flies.
3. We talked for half an hour.
1--Last night, my Dad and I laughed happily at home because of an interesting story.
1. My Dad and I laughed.
2. Time flies.
3. We talked for half an hour.
Topic:
Father and Son
(2) S+TV+DO
subject + transitive verb+ direct object
(主语+及物动词+宾语）
1. We washed my dad's car.
2. My Dad likes to wash his car with me.
3. We spent a happy time together.
1--When my mom came back, we were washing my dad's car in the yard.
1. We washed my dad's car.
2. My Dad likes to wash his car with me.
3. We spent a happy time together.
Topic:
Father and Son
(3) S+LV+C
subject + linking verb+ complement
(主语+系动词+表语）
1. Watching a football match is my Dad's hobby.
2. Both teams looked strong and energetic.
3. We felt excited.
3--When seeing our favourite team won the football match, we felt really excited.
1. Watching a football match is my Dad's hobby.
2. Both teams looked strong and energetic.
3. We felt excited.
Topic:
Father and Son
(4) S+TV+IO+DO
subject + transitive verb+ indirect object+direct object
(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）
1. My father gave me a present.
2. My father taught me how to ride a bike.
直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者
间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)
1. My father gave me a present.
2. My father taught me how to ride a bike.
Topic:
Father and Son
(5) S+TV+DO+OC
subject + transitive verb+ direct object+object complement
(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语）
1. My Dad tells me to run every day.
2. We find it interesting to run in the park.
3. We can hear birds singing in the trees.
说明宾语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态
1. My Dad tells me to run every day.
2. We find it interesting to run in the park.
3. We can hear birds singing in the trees.
Topic:
Father and Son
S+ LV+C (主语+系动词+表语）
S+TV+DO+OC (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语）
Sunset from Father and Son
1) “I will show you how to finish my painting.”
1) His friends saw the son hold up a photofame (相框).
2) “My Dad's bald head(光头) becomes the setting sun.”
3) “ It looks amazing.”
4) “ You really make us happy.” said his friends.
S+ TV+IO+DO (主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）
S+ LV+C (主语+系动词+表语）
S+TV+DO+OC (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语）
说出句子句型
S+IV (主语+不及物动词）
S+TV+DO (主语+及物动词+宾语）
S+TV+DO (主语+及物动词+宾语）
S+ TV+IO+DO (主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）
S+ LV+C (主语+系动词+表语）
Sunset from Father and Son
5) The father heard the noise.
6) He turned around.
7) The son's friends saw a sun with a mustache.
8) They burst out laughter.
9) “ You offer us a chance to see a great painting.”
10) The son doesn't feel happy at all.
S+TV+DO (主语+及物动词+宾语）
说出句子句型
读懂下面段落，并划出句子成分，说出句子类型。
（2025全国I卷，D篇）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
(25年续写)My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have the backyard in order.
There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play. There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire. Though friendly, he could easily knock over my niece’s small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. So, when my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside.
Assignment
尝试给Unit L1的第一段划分句子成分，并说出句子类型。
Thank you!

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