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2025秋新外研版英语八年级上册Units 1-3知识点总结
作者：邓华
Unit 1 This is me.
一. 重点短语
1. by the end of到......末
2. learn about了解
3. arrive at 到达小地点
4. arrive in到达大地方
5. make history创造历史
6. in stead of代替......；而不是......
7. to one`s surprise令某人惊奇的是
8. in surprise惊讶地
9. be proud of 为......感到骄傲，以......自豪
10. used to do sth过去常常做某事
11. feel like感觉像......；有......感觉
12.hold...back阻碍......(的发展)
13. start from zero 从零开始
14. as long as只要
15. stick to遵守；信守；坚持
16. silver screen 电影业
17. in fact 实际上
二. 重点句型
1. On crowded buses and trains, it felt just like a disaster. 在拥挤的公交车和火车上，那感觉就
像一场灾难。
2. I have already learnt that I am what I am.我已经知道我就是我。
3. I haven't told Maddie yet how she has changed me. 我还没告诉麦迪她是如何改变我的。
4.Instead of looking away, Maddie studied my face. 麦迪没有挪开视线，反而仔细地看着我
的脸。
5. Clouds came through the window and filled my heart.乌云穿过窗户，涌进了我的心里。
6. It turned sunny in my heart.我的内心又变得阳光明媚起来。
7. Nothing is impossible as long as you try and stick to it.只要你尝试并坚持下去，没有什么是不可能的。
8. However, doubts and fears often hold us back.然而，疑虑和恐惧常常会阴止我们前进。
9. He had to start from zero.他不得不从零开始。
10. In 2015, he clocked 9.99 seconds and made history.2015年，他以9.99秒的成绩创造了历史。
三. 语法要点
现在完成时（1）Present perfect tense（Ⅰ）
1. 基本概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2. 基本结构：
1). 肯定式：主语+ have／has ＋PP（V-ed, 即动词的过去分词）。例如：
I have already finished my homework.
You have been to Guiyang.
He has been to Guiyang.
They have been to Guiyang.
2).否定形式：主语+ have／has ＋not ＋PP（V-ed,即动词的过去分词）。例如：
I haven`t finished my homework yet
He hasn`t been to Guiyang.
3)一般疑问句：将have／has 提前到句首即可。例如：
Have you finished your homework
Yes, I have./No, I haven`t.
Has he been to Guiyang
Yes, He has./No, he hasn`t.
Have they given concerts all over the world
Yes, they have./No, they haven`t.
3. 标志词：
already, just, yet, ever, never, so far (till now/up to now), recently, in the past 3 years, before，since，for等。
Unit 2 Getting along
一. 重点短语
1. here and there到处；各处；零散地
2.hope to do希望做某事
3. so...that.如此......以至于......
4. fly about四处飞翔
5. argue over就......争论
6. reach an agreement达成协议
7. dividing line 分界线；界限
8. take place发生
9. in return 作为报酬；作为......回报
10. keep...in mind把......放在心里;把......记在心上
11. change one`s mind改变某人的注意
12. either...or要么......要么；或者......或者......
13. make friends交朋友
14. find out找出；查明
15. get along with sb与......和睦相处
二. 重点句型
1. Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars.草地上到处都是漂亮的花
朵，像星星一样散落其中。
2. "I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year," says the Giant. “I hope the weather changes soon.“我不明白为什么去年以来，春天就不来了。”巨人说，“希望天气能尽快变好。”
3. But spring never comes, nor summer.但是春天没有来，夏天也没有。
4. I haven't heard that beautiful birdsong for a while.我已经有一段时何没听到如此美妙的鸟鸣了。
5. And the tees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers.树木们开心得浑身都开满了花。
6. The birds fly about and sing with joy.乌儿们四处飞翔，欢快地歌唱。
7. Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing line between their houses. They couldn't reach an agreement.当地的两户人家，张家和吴家，因为两家的分界线起了争执。他们无法达成一致意见。
8. In return, they decided to do the same thing.作为回报，他们决定做同样的事情。
9.The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind.桐城人民的心中仍牢记着这首诗。
三. 语法要点
现在完成时（2）Present perfect tense（Ⅱ）
4. 现在完成时用于过去某时间发生的行为或存在的状态一直持续到现在。 例如:
I have had the dog for three months now.这桌狗我现在已经养了三个月了。
We have played football for a year now.我们现在已经踢了一年的足球了。
I have been like this since Friday.从周五开始我就一直这样。
I have not done much exercise since I got my computer last year 自从去年有了电脑，我就没怎么锻炼了。
从以上例句可以看出，在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since引导。
注意：
1). for后接一段时间，如for a long time, for 6 years.
2). since后接时间点，如since August 2023, since yesterday, since two o'lock等。
3). 在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long。例如:
How long have you played fotbl 你踢足球踢了多长时间了
How long have you bee lik this 你这个样子有多久了
How long have you had the dog 这条狗你养了多久了
4). 在表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，需要使用不同的时态。例如:
①. I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer, 去年夏天我在这家酒店住了一周。
②. I have stayed in the hotel for a week now.,迄今我已在这家酒店住了一周了。
③. I will stay in the hotel for a week next month. 下个月我要在这家酒店住一周时间、
同样表示“在某一酒店住一周”这个概念，第一句讲述的是去年夏天的事情，故用一般过去时，第二句表示到现在为止已经住了一周故用现在完成时，第三句是下个月的事情，故用一般将来时。
瞬间动词和延续性动词转换
若现在完成时的句式中出现表示时间段的状语，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换方式如下：
begin/start--be on
leave--be away
die--be dead
borrow --keep
buy--have
go there--be there
get home--be home
open--be open
close--be closed
get to know--know
come here--be here
join--be in / be a member of
6. 现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：
共同点：动作都在过去。
不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。)
7. 现在完成时的固定结构
①. have gone to + 地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）
They have gone to Guiyang. (They are not here.)
②. I have been to+地点,表示”去过某地”。( 人已回来)
I have been to Guiyang. (I am not in Guiyang now.)
③. have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。
I have been in Guiyang for 2 weeks. ( I am now still in Guiyang .)
④. since + 时间点,
I have studied English since 2020.
⑤. for + 时间段
I have studied English for 5 years.
8. 与现在完成时连用的时间状语
①. already (用于肯定句). 例如：I've already had lunch.我已经吃过午饭了。
②. yet (否定或疑问). 例如：
I haven't received a letter from her yet.我还没有收到她的来信。
③. just 刚刚 I've just heard the news.我刚听到这个消息。
④. before 以前 I've been here before.我以前来过这儿。
⑤. never 从不 He has never been to America.他从未去过美国。
⑥. ever 曾经 Have you ever been to Guiyang 你曾经去过贵阳吗？
⑦. recently不久前；最近
I received a letter from him recently.我不久以前收到了他的一封信。
⑧. so far 到目前为止 He has only memorized less than 300 words so far.
⑨. 表示次数的词，如：once, twice, three times 例如：
I've only been there once.我只去过那里一次。
He has ever been to America three times.他去过美国三次。
Unit 3 Make it happen!
一. 重点短语
1. out of由......制成；用......做成
2. blow sb away 使某人大为惊讶
3. spare time空闲时间
4. a helping hand援手，帮助
5. be drawn to... 被......所吸引
6.be curious about...对......感到好奇
7. so...that...如此......以至于......
8. all day整天
9. try to do sth尽力做某事
10. be able to能；会
11. make money挣钱
12. allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
e up with 想出；提出
14. make sb brave使某人勇敢
15. protect...from...保护......免受.....侵害
16. around the word全世界
17. one after another 一个接一个；陆续
二. 重点句型
1. He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.他是用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作的。
2. What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得快，经常需要新的假肢。
3."It blew me away! I built my arm for only $300," thought Easton.“这让我大吃一惊!我只花了300美元就造出了假肢。" Easton心想。
4. What a helping hand! 多大的帮助啊！
5. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature.他对电很着迷，对它的性质有着深深的好奇心。
6. He didn`t want to make money from it.他不想从中赚钱。（不定式to make作宾语）
7. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。（动名词fixing 作宾语）
He was so curious about space that he invented a "flying chair"!他对太空非常好奇，甚至发明了一个“飞椅”。
8. Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas.尽管失败了，但他的好奇心为后来的探索者提供了灵感。
三．语法要点
动词不定式和动名词作宾语（to-infinitive and -ing as object ）
1. 当我们要表达“想做某事、需要做莱事或者决定做某事”等动作时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时就需要用到want to do sth, need to do sth和decide to do sth等表达方式。行为动词后的动调都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构。英语中把这种结构称为动词不定式。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式的基本结构：
肯定式：to + do （动词原形）、否定式：not to +do（动词原形）。
动词不定式在句子中除了不能作谓语以外，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。本单元学习
动词不定式在句中充当宾语成分。例如:
I wanted to see the Being opera, so Li Ling offered to take me there.我想看京剧，所以李玲就提出带我去看。
We only planned to watch for an hour.我们原先只打算看一个小时。
I hope to understand more next time.我希望下次能懂得多一些。
以上句子里的动词want, plan, hope后都连接了to do的不定式结构，这类动词属于及物动词，动词不定式置于谓语动词之后作宾语，表明想要、提出计划或希望要做(或发生)的事。
在英语中，并不是所有的动词都可以用不定式作宾语。有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。例如:
She enjoys learning about different cultures and traditions from around the word.她喜欢了解世界各地不同的文化和传统。那么什么是动名词呢？简单地说，动词的-ing形式（变化规则跟动词的现在分词变化相同）在句子中起名词作用时，就称为动名词。动名词在句子中除了不能作谓语以外，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语以及宾语补足语等。本单元学习动名词在句中充当宾语成分。例如：
He practises playing the guitar for two hours every day.他每天练习两个小时吉他。
I enjoy learning English.我喜欢学英语）。
He finished reading the book yesterday.他昨天看完了这本书。
一般来说，用不定式作宾语时，所表示的多为将来的行为（即还没做）；动名词所表示的多为过去的行为（即已经做过）。但是，在具体使用中还要注意记忆，因为动词不同，对其后动词形式的要求也不同。
常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, want, hope,offer, learn等。
常见的后面接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, practise, finish, avoid, keep, mind等。
注意：有一些动词，既可以用不定式又可以用动名词作宾语，但表达的意义可能不同。例如：
I remember seeing her. 我记得见过她。
You must remember to lock the door before leaving the house. 出门之前一定要记得锁门。

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