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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
初中英语语法：被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态
知识点1.
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。
如： We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。
·主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。
如：The classroom is cleaned (by us). 教室被（我们）打扫。
知识点2.
被动语态的构成：助动词be +及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）
·其中by意为“被……；由……”，表动作的执行者。
如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
·be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）
English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）
Is English widely spoken around the world （疑问式） Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
知识点3.
被动语态的结构：
肯定句：主语+ am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他
eg .English is studied (by us ) every day.
否定句：主语+ am / is / are + not + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他
eg. English is not studied (by us ) every day.
疑问句：am / is / are + not +主语+ 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他
eg.Is English not studied (by us ) every day.
特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+ am / is / are +主语+动词的过去分词+ 其他
知识点4.
被动语态的用法：
·在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。
如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。
·要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。
如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
知识点5.
主、被动语态的转换：
主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）
被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）
注意：
1. 主动、被动互转时，时态不变，但有人称和数的变化。
·主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。
·主动句的宾语是代词的宾格形式，变成被动时，要转换为主格。
如： (1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).
2. 含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 +（by+宾语）
如：The work can be done. 这项工作很容易做。
Other planets may be visited in the future. 将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。
3. 主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带to的不定式，在变被动句时，要加上to .使役动词make/ have/ let sb do sth 及感官动词see/ hear/ feel/ notice sb to do sth
如：they heard a girl sing in the next room (by them).
→ a girl was heard to sing in the next room (by them).
一般过去时的被动语态
知识点1.
一般过去时的被动语态的概念及构成:
一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作，由“主语 + was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 + by + 动作执行者”构成，无需说明动作执行者时可省去“by + 动作执行者”。句中主语就是原主动语态的宾语，动作执行者就是原主动语态的主语。was, were的使用由主语的单复数形式而定，主语为第三人称单数名词、代词或I时用was, 主语为复数名词、代词they或you时用were。如：
This bridge was built in October last year. 这座桥是去年十月份建的。
These cakes were made by my mother last night. 这些蛋糕是我妈妈昨天晚上做的。
The girl said she was often beaten by her brother. 女孩说她经常被她兄弟打。
知识点2．
一般过去时的被动语态句型的变换方法
一般过去时被动语态句型变换应围绕was, were进行，否定形式应在其后加not, 一般疑问句形式应将其提至句首，特殊疑问句形式应将一般疑问句置于特殊疑问词后面，反意疑问句形式应保留was / were。如：
His computer was not stolen by thieves last night. 他的电脑昨天晚上没有被小偷偷走。
Was your homework finished in time yesterday evening 昨天晚上你及时完成家庭作业了吗？
When was your letter written The day before yesterday 你的信是什么时候写的？前天吗？
Why was this problem not worked out by you 为什么你没有解出这道试题？
Your bike was not repaired last night, was it 你的自行车昨晚没有被修理，是吗？
知识点3
一般过去时的被动语态疑问句的回答方法
一般过去时的被动语态的一般疑问句形式肯定回答用“Yes, ... was / were.”，否定回答用“No, ... wasn’t / weren’t.”; 特殊疑问句应抓住特殊疑问词进行回答，可用简略方法，也可用完整方法; 反意疑问句也应用“Yes, ... was / were.”或“No, ... wasn’t / weren’t.”进行回答。如：
—Was your office cleaned yesterday afternoon 你的办公室昨天下午打扫了吗？
—Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. 是的，打扫了。/ 不，没有打扫。
—Were your rooms painted again last week 你的房间上周重新粉刷了吗？
—Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 是的，重新粉刷了。/ 不，没有重新粉刷。
—When was your brother sent to work in Beijing 你兄弟是什么时候被派到北京去工作的？
—Last year. / He was sent to work in Beijing last year. 去年。/ 他是去年被派到北京工作的。
—Where was the party held last Sunday 上周日聚会在哪儿举行的？
—At home. / It was held at home. 在家里。/ 在家里举行的。
—Your debt was paid off at last, wasn’t it 你所欠的债最终被还清了，是吗？
—Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. 是的，被还清了。/ 不，没有被还清。
总结：
1.一般过去时的被动语态的构成：
句式 构成
肯定句 主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他
否定句 主语+was/were+not+及物动词的过去分词+其他
一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？
特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？
2.特殊形式的被动语态：make,let,与have, 感官动词，help,动词原形作宾补，被动语态要加to
一般将来时的被动语态
知识点1.
语态的概念
语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。
知识点2．
一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成：
1．一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：主语+shall / will + be done。(shall 用于第一人称，will用于各种人称) 如：
We shall / will be punished if we break the rule.
如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
2．一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：主语+shall / will + not + be done.（可缩写成shan’t或won’t）如：
The meeting won’t be held tomorrow.
明天不再举行会议。
The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.
展览会将不会推迟到下周。
3．一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句句式：shall / will+主语+be done。（回答用yes或no）如：
Won’t water be turned into ice, if it is below freezing temperature
如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗？
---Will the work be finished at once ---Yes, it will.
---这项工作会立刻被完成吗？ ---是的，立刻就完成。
4．一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词 + shall / will + 主语 + be done。如：
When will these books be published
这些书将在什么时候被出版？
知识点3
一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成：
1．主语+be going to +be done
Some old buildings are going to be put down.
一些旧的楼房将被推倒。
The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
这个问题将不在明天的会议上被讨论。
---Are these trees going to be cut down？---Yes，they are.
---这些树将被砍倒吗？---是的，将被砍倒
2．主语+be to +be done
The meeting is to be held on April 10.
会议将于四月十日举行。
The machines are not to be repaired tonight.
今晚将不会修理这些机器。
---Are new textbooks to be published next week？---No, they aren’t.
新教科书将在下周出版吗？不，不是。
知识点4
一般将来时态的被动语态的用法：
1．一般将来时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，强调表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing.
好多运动员将被邀请到北京来。
2．在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。如：
When the dam is completed, the Changjiang River will be controlled.
当大坝竣工时，长江将得到控制。
If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.
如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。
3．表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果，常用shall / will be done结构。如：
Heated to 100·c, water will be turned into steam.
加热到100度时，水将会变成蒸汽。
If you speak in class, you will be punished.
如果你在课堂上讲话，你将会被惩罚。
总结：
1.一般将来时的被动语态的构成：
肯定句式：
主语+ will +be+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作执行者）
be going to
否定形式：
will not
主语+ isn’t going to be+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）
aren’t going to
2.注意：
1.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
Eg. At last they put out the fire.他们最后把火扑灭了。
At last the fire was put out. 火最后被扑灭了。
2.带有复合宾语的句子在变为被动结构时，（宾语补足语相应变成主语补足语）注意：主动语态中，若宾语补足语为不带to 的不定式，在变为被动语态时必须带to
Eg. Everybody called her Big Sister
She was called Big Sister by everybody
The engineer made the robot clean the room.
The robot was made to clean the room
巩固练习
1. We are told that a new car factory _____ here next year.
A. will set up B. will be set up C. would set up D. would be set up
2. The 2008 Olympic Games _____ in Beijing; several big changes _____ in the capital city.
A. is held; will make B. will be held; will make
C. will be held; will be made D. is held; make
3. You _____ to take so much luggage with you on the plane.
A. will be allowed B. will allow C. won’t be allowed D. won’t allow
4. You _____ around our school this afternoon. Now, please have a good rest.
A. are shown B. were shown C. are going to be shown D. will show
5. Can you tell me by whom the talk _____ tomorrow
A. will give B. will be given C. give D. be given
6. These films ______ until tomorrow morning.
A. can't develop B. aren't developing C. won't be developed D. won't develop
7. Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
8. —A party is going to ______ tonight. Would you like to go with me
—I’d like to, but I have to look after my sick mother.
9. organize B. have been organized C. be organizing D. be organized
10. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
11. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, the sports meet ______ in the playground of our school.
A. is holding B. will hold C. will be held D. is to be holding
12. The problem ______ in the coming meeting.
A. is discussed B. is discussing C. is being discussed D. will be discussed
13. The mistakes in the exercises will ______ the teacher.
A.cross B.be crossing C.be crossed by D.cross by
14. If city noises ______ from increasing，people ______ shout to be heard even at dinner.
A.are not kept；will have to B.are not kept；have
C.do not keep；will have to D.do not keep；have to
15. The sports meeting ______ .
A.is put off B.is to put off C.is to be put off D.puts off
16. I need one more stamp before my collection ______.
A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed
17. The work ______ soon.
A. will be finished B. has been finished C. will finish D. finishes
答案：1-5BCCCB 6-10CBDB 11-15CDCAC 16-17DA
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