资源简介

必修第三册　Unit 1　Knowing me, knowing you
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东菏泽模拟预测)
As people hold different views on almost anything，we live in a ①judgmental world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others，yet seem ②unaware of their own.Some misguided souls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.
So what is the possible solution to criticism
If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves，STOP.Make a conscious decision rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes.You are more likely to offer helpful suggestions from the beginning.If you are on the receiving end of criticism，the “OK” response is a perfect solution.When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours，a natural response is to defend and attack.However，this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive.Instead，simply reply with “OK”．This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.
It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying，to listen without feeling，to be a sensible(理智的) observer.In fact，there is much that one can learn from a negative review.You can ask yourself：Did I make a mistake Could I have done better Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand If so，how can I improve myself As for chronic(习惯性的) ③criticizers：It is important to set strict boundary with them.Remove yourself from their presence when necessary.
In any case，one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party.
1．What may the author think of people who prefer to judge others
A．Warm-hearted. B．Self-centered.
C．Talkative. D．Responsible.
2．What does a person probably convey by saying “OK” according to paragraph 3
A. He thinks the suggestions are helpful.
B．He defenses himself with the response.
C．He agrees with the comments completely.
D．He wants to avoid unnecessary arguments.
3．What is the key to making a sensible observer according to paragraph 4
A．Having debates. B．Accepting criticism.
C．Staying objective. D．Avoiding criticizers.
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To make a judgment on others.
B．To explain some social behavior.
C．To call for action against attack.
D．To give advice on facing criticism.
语境猜词 ①judgmental(派)＝judg(e)＋ment＋al ②unaware(派)＝un＋aware ③criticizer(派)＝criticiz(e)＋er
B
Is ①forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question，we need to ask a further question：What is the essence of our humanity ②For the sake of simplicity，people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness，Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation，mutual respect，and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings，we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for ③harmonious interactions.For example，how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note，when we take a classical philosophical perspective，that of Aristotle，we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving，its actual appropriation in conflict situations，develops with practice.
5．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A. People should offer mercy to others.
B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
6．What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A．To forgive is to love. B．To dominate is to harm.
C．To fight is to grow. D．To give is to receive.
7．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A．Favorable. B．Reserved.
C．Objective. D．Skeptical.
8．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Forgiveness is in our nature.
B．Forgiveness grows with time.
C．It takes practice to forgive.
D．Actuality is based on potentiality.
语境猜词 ①forgiveness(派)＝forgive＋ness ②for the sake of ③harmonious(派)＝harmon(y→i)＋ous
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Can you tell when your friends are happy or going through a difficult time Whether you have one or two besties or are part of a group，building and keeping friendships is a skill we all learn. 1 Research shows it might even help you ①fight off colds.
Friendship is a special connection you have with another person，and it comes in all shapes and sizes.You could chat for ages or giggle at things other people don’t find funny.You don’t expect the other person to be fun all the time. 2 Friends don’t always enjoy the same sports or hobbies but they encourage each other anyway.Experts say good friendship is a strong，stable connection.It makes you feel positive and it’s not ②one-sided. 3
Good friends are good for your health because they make you feel happy，confident and less stressed.Sharing your feelings and ideas with someone else isn’t just fun. 4 Author Lydia Denworth says friendship is good for you because it boosts your immune system and helps your body stay healthy.Having good，strong friendships is as important as diet and exercise.
5 Making time for your mates sounds obvious but it’s not always easy to see them when you are busy.Try sending a message or arranging a walk or bike ride to have time to chat.Talking about your feelings lets your friends know you trust them and gives them a chance to do the same.If you think a friend is ③feeling down，find a quiet moment to ask if everything’s OK and listen closely to their answers.
A．Making new friends takes much time and effort.
B．You both give each other support when you need it.
C．And you may know when the other has had a bad day.
D．It builds trust and helps you understand each other better.
E．Being a friend is one of the most important skills we can learn.
F．That’s good news because hanging out with your friends is fun.
G．As well as lifting up others，friendship can boost your well-being too.
语境猜词 ①fight off ②one-sided(合)＝one＋sided ③feel down
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
In the community of Mudgeeraba，a remarkable story has occurred，displaying a more connected society.
Living far from her own family and with her husband having no parents left，Nina，a new mom，was feeling the weight of 1 in her motherhood journey.Nina found herself 2 not just for company，but for a unique form of ①cross-generational 3 .So she determined to take a 4 step.
Nina put out a ②heartfelt 5 in her community for an “adoptive grandma” for herself and her baby Millie.The outpouring of support was nothing short of 6 .Among the sea of 7 ，61-year-old Christine，a resident in the same suburb as Nina，emerged as the perfect 8 .Desperate for a grandchild of her own，Christine was seeking for a 9 for filling the emptiness left by the 10 of grandchildren in her life.
Since their initial meeting six months ago，Christine has lovingly 11 the role of Grandma Christine to little Millie，to whom she 12 she has an unlimited supply of love to give.The newfound relationship goes beyond just a 13 ，with weekly park walks and play dates becoming precious moments for both Nina and Christine.
The unexpected 14 rooted in a simple act of reaching out has not only provided Nina with the care and wisdom of the older generation，dramatically 15 her tension after giving birth，but offered Christine a sense of purpose and connection in her later years.
1．A.mistrust B．intervention
C．prejudice D．loneliness
2．A.answering B．longing
C．preparing D．arranging
3．A.assistance B．promise
C．respect D．recognition
4．A.debatable B．familiar
C．③courageous D．generous
5．A.statement B．option
C．proposal D．request
6．A.unappealing B．convincing
C．heart-warming D．confusing
7．A.documents B．responses
C．discussions D．investigations
8．A.professional B．relative
C．employer D．match
9．A.channel B．babysitter
C．witness D．standard
10．A.departure B．affection
C．absence D．objection
11．A.reflected upon B．taken on
C．set aside D．applied for
12．A.worries B．remembers
C．denies D．feels
13．A.limit B．title
C．message D．prize
14．A.discovery B．adventure
C．bond D．reunion
15．A.releasing B．exposing
C．encouraging D．illustrating
语境猜词 ①cross-generational(合＋派)＝cross＋generation＋al ②heartfelt(合)＝heart＋felt ③courageous(派)＝courage＋ous
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
As social media has ①skyrocketed in popularity in the past years，1. (it) lightning-fast development has caused public concern.②Overusing may lead to many serious problems，such as mental health problems,2. (reduce) learning time and poor interpersonal quality.More and more kids of all ages are experiencing unease，anxiety and even depression if they’re separated from their phones.Social media shows many “funny” videos of kids losing their temper when screens 3. (take) away.So it’s important to keep a balance between our life on the screen 4. that in the real world.
Trying these Dos may help.First，set a schedule to put adults，teens and kids back together with family，friends and neighbors 5. person.You can try board games instead of video games.Second，get outside 6. (regular) to do hide-and-seek，plant a garden，or just sit and watch the birds.7. (build) our relationship with nature can increase our peace，positivity and well-being,8. brings much benefit.Third，get off the chair or sofa to walk，bike，stretch and dance! Remind your body it can move into other 9. (position) besides “Looking at Screen”．Last，practice mindfulness and ③acceptance.Mindfulness is the act of paying attention to the present moment，without judgment.Acceptance of ourselves increases peace within us，unlike social media interaction that 10. (promote) self-judgment and other-judgment.
语境猜词 ①skyrocket(转)n.→v. ②overuse(合)＝over＋use ③acceptance(派)＝accept＋ance
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.动辄评头论足的　②adj.未觉察到的；未认识到的　③n.批评者
B．①n.宽恕；原谅　②为了　③adj.和谐的；融洽的
Ⅱ.①击退；抵抗　②adj.片面的，单方面的　③情绪低落；感到沮丧
Ⅲ.①adj.跨代的　②adj.诚挚的；真诚的　③adj.勇敢的
Ⅳ.①突升；猛涨　②v.过度使用　③n.接受；接纳
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们面对他人的评头论足时该怎么回应。
1．B　[观点态度题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者称这些人的行为是“被误导的灵魂认为这是自己的责任”，即自以为是。由此可推知，在作者看来，这样的人以自我为中心。故选B项。]
2．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，回答“OK”有两层含义：一是承认了对方的评论，二是说话人并不同意这一评论，但没有必要就此展开争论。故选D项。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，做一个理智的观察者，重要的是要不带感情地倾听，即保持客观。故选C项。]
4．D　[写作意图题。通读文章内容，尤其是末尾段内容可知，文章主要讨论了应对批评的可能性解决方案：用“OK”来应对批评可以避免一些负面影响的产生。因此可推知，文章的目的是给出面对批评时的建议。故选D项。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“宽恕是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了宽恕在个体和群体中的作用和意义。
5．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them.”可知，Droll认为给予宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，即他认为宽恕者在损害自己的幸福。故选D。]
6．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。因此可以推断，举奴隶社会的例子是以反问的方式来阐明，试图通过权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选B。]
7．A　[观点态度题。根据第三段可知，作者认为宽恕在个体和群体生物学和心理学完整性中起关键作用，还提到宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环，并且能够治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于宽恕是支持的。故选A。]
8．C　[段落大意题。根据最后一段的“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving，its actual appropriation in conflict situations，develops with practice.”可知，宽恕并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践。故选C。]
Ⅱ.1.G　2.C　3.B　4.D　5.E
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位新妈妈妮娜通过社区求助找到了“领养奶奶”克里斯汀，建立起特殊跨代亲情的故事。
1．D　[mistrust不信任；intervention干预；prejudice偏见；loneliness孤独。根据上文“Living far from her own family and with her husband having no parents left”及下文“not just for company”可知，作为一名新妈妈，她在做母亲的旅程中感受到了孤独。故选D。]
2．B　[answer回答；long渴望；prepare准备；arrange安排。根据上文可知，妮娜没有亲人和长辈在身边，所以发现自己渴望陪伴。故选B。]
3．A　[assistance帮助；promise承诺；respect尊重；recognition认可。根据末段的“provided Nina with the care and wisdom of the older generation”可推知，此处指妮娜渴望一种跨代援助。故选A。]
4．C　[debatable有争议的；familiar熟悉的；courageous勇敢的；generous慷慨的。根据下文“Nina put out a heartfelt ________ in her community for an ‘adoptive grandma’ for herself and her baby Millie.”可知，妮娜决定迈出勇敢的一步，为孩子寻找一位“领养奶奶”。故选C。]
5．D　[statement声明；option选择；proposal提案；request请求。根据下文“for an ‘adoptive grandma’ for herself and her baby Millie”可知，妮娜在社区中发出了寻找一位“领养奶奶”的请求。故选D。]
6．C　[unappealing不吸引人的；convincing令人信服的；heart-warming暖心的；confusing令人困惑的。根据上文“The outpouring of support”和“The unexpected ________ rooted in a simple act of reaching out has not only provided Nina with the care and wisdom of the older generation”可知，这种支持的大量涌现是暖心的。故选C。]
7．B　[document文件；response回应；discussion讨论；investigation调查。根据上文“for an ‘adoptive grandma’ for herself and her baby Millie”并结合下文克里斯汀承担奶奶的角色可知，妮娜发出请求，很多人做出回应。故选B。]
8．D　[professional专业人员；relative亲戚；employer雇主；match相配的人或物。根据下文“Desperate for a grandchild of her own”可知，妮娜和孩子需要长辈，而克里斯汀需要孙辈，所以她成为完美的匹配对象。故选D。]
9．A　[channel途径，方法，渠道；babysitter保姆；witness目击者；standard标准。根据上文“Desperate for a grandchild of her own”可知，克里斯汀正在寻找一种途径来填补生活中没有孙辈带来的空虚。故选A。]
10．C　[departure离开；affection喜爱；absence缺席，缺乏；objection反对。根据上文“Desperate for a grandchild of her own”可知，克里斯汀想要自己的孙辈，所以此处指缺少孙辈带来的空虚。故选C。]
11．B　[reflect upon反思；take on承担；set aside留出；apply for申请。根据下文“the role of Grandma Christine to little Millie”可知，克里斯汀深情地承担起了奶奶的角色。故选B。]
12．D　[worry担心；remember记住；deny否认；feel感觉。根据上文“lovingly”和下文“she has an unlimited supply of love to give”可知，她感觉自己有无限的爱可以给予米勒。故选D。]
13．B　[limit限制；title称谓，头衔；message信息；prize奖品。根据上文“for an ‘adoptive grandma’ for herself and her baby Millie”和下文“with weekly park walks and play dates becoming precious moments for both Nina and Christine”可知，这种新的关系不仅仅是个称谓，它还给双方带来了珍贵的快乐时光。故选B。]
14．C　[discovery发现；adventure冒险；bond纽带，关系；reunion重聚。根据上文“The newfound relationship goes beyond just a ________，with weekly park walks and play dates becoming precious moments for both Nina and Christine.”可知，妮娜和克里斯汀结成了一种令人意想不到的关系。故选C。]
15．A　[release释放；expose暴露；encourage鼓励；illustrate说明。根据句中“not only provided Nina with the care and wisdom of the older generation”以及空后“her tension after giving birth”可知，来自长辈的关心和智慧释放了妮娜产后紧张的情绪。故选A。]
Ⅳ.1.its　2.reduced　3.are taken　4.and　5.in　6.regularly
7．Building　8.which　9.positions　10.promotes必修第三册　Unit 2　Making a difference
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·1月八省联考)
Jim Johnson，a mail carrier，was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland，Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods，just north of downtown Wilmington，where he delivered much more than the mail.He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors，offered gardening advice，and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball.When he wasn’t doing all that，Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise.
Though the postal service is often disparaged now，the trust in local postal service lives on.In many communities，that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine，greeting cards，social security checks，college acceptance letters—even the bills—appear in mailboxes in front of the houses.
After more than three decades，Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other.He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day.Butch，a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors，was waiting just like every day before.And just like every day before，he got into the jump seat and they were off.On the route，Jim and Butch had become inseparable.Now，the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together.At every stop，Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter，and hugs filled with warm memories.
It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route，but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier.That’s what the postal service means to us.
1．What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph
A．He’s open-minded. B．He’s sharp-eyed.
C．He’s warm-hearted. D．He’s strong-willed.
2．What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Refused. B．Criticized.
C．Investigated. D．Suspended.
3．What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work
A．He drove Butch to its owner.
B．He sent presents to his friends.
C．He prepared a retirement party.
D．He said goodbye to the neighbors.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To remember a respected mail carrier.
B．To record an unforgettable experience.
C．To raise funds for the postal service.
D．To call for harmony in the community.
B
(2024·广东惠州一调)
Cash Daniels spends several hours every week cleaning up cans and bottles in the rivers near his home with other teen environmentalists in Chattanooga，TN.Together，they have collected more than 1 ton of aluminum cans，nearly 1,000 cans a week for a year.In January，he ①co-founded a club called The Cleanup Kids with his best friend.The project’s mission：to encourage kids to pick up 1 million pounds of trash across the globe before the end of the year.
Daniels says he first developed a passion for wildlife when he was 3.“As far back as I can remember，I’ve always loved animals，” Daniels says.Marine life especially interests him.When he began discovering trash on walks along the river with his family，he immediately thought of his favorite sea creatures.
His mission now is saving the earth’s rivers，which he points out are even more polluted than the world’s oceans.“Eighty percent of the ocean’s trash comes from rivers，” he says.In 2019，he adopted the name Conservation Kid on the Internet，and started ②posting about things like how something as simple as a deserted face mask can entangle(缠住)，choke，and kill turtles，birds，and fish.
Although he mostly speaks to other teens，Daniels has found that adults are often persuaded by his argument that cleaning up，recycling，and ridding plastic ought to be a selfish act for humanity：when plastics break down，they can wind up in our drinking water.He has met with the mayor of his city，and his experiences speaking with influential grown-ups has convinced him that adults can change their habits.
But，in truth，the burden to save the planet has landed on children like him.“Kids may be a small percent of the population，but we’re 100% of the future，” he says.“And we can save the world.”
5．What led to the birth of Daniel’s project
A. The inspiration from his best friend.
B．The goal to make a role model for kids.
C．The concern for the ocean life.
D．The idea of other teen environmentalists.
6．Which can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. The ocean’s trash has grown rapidly.
B．The river pollution requires less attention.
C．Many animals are infected in the ocean.
D．River waste contributes most to the ocean’s trash.
7．Which of the following can best describe Cash Daniels
A．Optimistic and creative.
B．Caring and responsible.
C．Considerate and generous.
D．Courageous and devoted.
8．What is the passage mainly about
A. Grown-ups’ selfish behaviors for humanity.
B．A teenager’s contributions to saving the waters.
C．A youngster’s responsibility to protect the world.
D．Teen environmentalists’ efforts to clean the oceans.
语境猜词 ①co-found(派)＝co＋found ②post(熟义：n.邮政；邮件；职位) 生义(文义)：
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
The Importance of Being ①Independent
The ability to be independent is something not everyone possesses. 1 And learning to support yourself is fundamental for any success you ever hope to achieve.At the end of the day，you only have yourself to fall back on，so it’s very important to be able to handle things on your own.
People rely on others far more than it is necessary.People put their happiness in the hands of a significant person，thinking this will bring them satisfaction. 2
Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not. 3 Therefore，you need to learn how to make decisions on your own.People are unable to be independent for a variety of reasons，with fear being the biggest：the fear of being alone，the fear of ②rejection and the fear of the future.
However，there is no reason to base your life decisions on relationships with people.All relationships end at some point or another. 4 The only thing you can do is alter your understanding of relationships.Instead of expecting them to make you happy by being in your life and providing enjoyment，appreciate the time spent and enjoyment since you know it will be gone.
5 Don’ t ask for advice，do what you want and learn from your own mistakes.Many people are afraid to think for themselves because that involves taking responsibility for their own lives.This is just one way people become dependent.We are born alone and we die alone，so we each have to take responsibility for our lives at every step along the way.
A．There is nothing you can do to change or affect that.
B．This is a serious error too many people make these days.
C．Make decisions by and for yourself，whatever they may be.
D．You can control your own life by making your own choices.
E．However，you need to be independent in order to survive in the world.
F．In any moment of decision，the best thing you can do is wait for the right time.
G．Not only are you limiting yourself，you are also likely to become a burden to this person.
语境猜词 ①independent(派)＝in＋depend＋ent ②rejection(派)＝reject＋ion
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
I was interested in volunteering at a hospital because both of my parents work in hospitals.I wanted to see what the 1 was after hearing them talk about it.To be more 2 ，I wanted to work at the VA—Veterans(老兵) Affairs hospital—in Palo Alto because the 3 of VA is “to serve those who served” and I really 4 this very idea.
To my greatest joy，I was 5 the VA program，and throughout this summer ①break I’ve spent around 110 hours 6 at VA Palo Alto in different departments.To be honest，I had never at all felt more welcomed and 7 in every department I went to.After some initial experiences，I 8 to work in the Office of Information Technology (OIT) since I am interested in computers，and I wanted to see how they are used in a hospital ②setting.
My overall experience of volunteering at VA can be 9 into the words of “③eye-opening and 10 ”．Throughout my whole life I have been 11 to health care，from both my parents being physicians and my health problems，but I have never 12 been on the other side of the glass，so to speak.What I 13 most about my experience was the 14 to see what it’s like to help people.I want to continue volunteering at VA because I believe there is no other experience that can be as 15 as working in a hospital that treats Veterans.
1．A.opportunity B．decision
C．experience D．adventure
2．A.specific B．private
C．flexible D．cautious
3．A.concept B．mission
C．profession D．advantage
4．A.contributed B．generated
C．transformed D．shared
5．A.accepted into B．committed to
C．concerned about D．withdrawn from
6．A.studying B．volunteering
C．observing D．exercising
7．A.convinced B．determined
C．valued D．amused
8．A.applied B．refused
C．promised D．arranged
9．A.classified B．summarized
C．divided D．combined
10．A.normal B．relevant
C．reliable D．worthy
11．A.attached B．devoted
C．exposed D．supposed
12．A.appropriately B．totally
C．absolutely D．actually
13．A.respect B．treasure
C．understand D．agree
14．A.ability B．responsibility
C．approach D．courage
15．A.relaxing B．challenging
C．fulfilling D．thrilling
语境猜词 ①break(熟义：v.打破；弄坏) 生义(文义)： ②setting(派)＝set＋t＋ing ③eye-opening(合＋派)＝eye＋open＋ing
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2023·全国甲)
For thousands of years，people have told fables(寓言) 1. (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2. (six) century，B.C.Yet，the form of the fable still has values today,3. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
Carson uses a simple，direct style common to fables.In fact，her style and tone(口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America,4.________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful ①co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins,5.________ (borrow) some familiar words from many ②age-old fables.Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message 6. (intend) for everyone.
7． (difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an ③accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8. saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9. (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10. (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
语境猜词 ①co-existence(派)＝co＋existence ②age-old(合)＝age＋old ③accusation(派)＝accus(e)＋ation
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.B.①v.共同创立，联合创建　②v.发布
Ⅱ.①adj.独立的　②n.拒绝
Ⅲ.①n.短期休假　②n.环境；背景　③adj.令人大开眼界的，令人很有启发的
Ⅳ.①n.共处；共存　②adj.古老的；由来已久的　③n.控告，指责，谴责
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，大家依然记得他。
1．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors，offered gardening advice，and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball.”(他知道所有孩子和他们宠物的名字；他帮忙提杂货；他留意未锁的门，提供园艺建议，并教会了几个小男孩曲线球的技巧)可知，吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C。]
2．B　[词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“Though the postal service is often disparaged now，the trust in local postal service lives on.”可知，前后句是转折关系，后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在，那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被贬低或指责，由此可知，画线词disparaged与B项意思相近。故选B。]
3．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stop，Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter，and hugs filled with warm memories.”(每到一站，吉姆都会接受那些已经成为他自己的家人的告别祝福。有泪水，有欢笑，有充满温暖回忆的拥抱)可知，吉姆在工作的最后几天除了日常投递外，还向邻居们告别。故选D。]
4．A　[写作意图题。根据文章大意尤其是最后一段可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这名邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，大家依然记得他和这段情谊。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A。]
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名为Cash Daniels的青少年为拯救水资源所做的贡献。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Marine life especially interests him.When he began discovering trash on walks along the river with his family，he immediately thought of his favorite sea creatures.”可知，对海洋生物的关注促使了Daniels的项目的诞生。故选C。]
6．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘Eighty percent of the ocean’s trash comes from rivers，’ he says.”可推知，河流垃圾是海洋垃圾的主要来源。故选D。]
7．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘As far back as I can remember，I’ve always loved animals，’ Daniels says.Marine life especially interests him.When he began discovering trash...，he immediately thought of his favorite sea creatures.”以及最后一段中的“‘Kids may be...，but we’re 100% of the future，’ he says.‘And we can save the world.’”可推知，Cash Daniels非常有爱心和责任心。故选B。]
8．B　[主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲的是一个青少年为拯救水资源所做的贡献。故选B。]
Ⅱ.1.E　2.B　3.G　4.A　5.C
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在帕洛阿尔托的退伍军人事务医院做志愿者工作的经历和感悟。
1．C　[opportunity机会；decision决定；experience经历；adventure冒险。根据后文的“after hearing them talk about it”可知，作者想在听父母谈论之后看看他们的经历是什么样的。故选C。]
2．A　[specific具体的；private私人的；flexible柔韧的；cautious小心的。后文“I wanted to work at the VA—Veterans(老兵) Affairs hospital—in Palo Alto”说出了作者具体想在哪里工作。to be more specific“更具体地说”。故选A。]
3．B　[concept概念；mission任务，使命；profession专业；advantage有利条件。根据后文的“of VA is ‘to serve those who served’”可知，“为曾经服役的人服务”是这个医院的使命。故选B。]
4．D　[contribute捐献；generate生成；transform转化；share共享，有同样的感情(或想法、经历等)。根据前文的“I wanted to work at the VA—Veterans (老兵) Affairs hospital—in Palo Alto”可知，作者希望在这里工作，证明作者认同这个医院的使命。故选D。]
5．A　[be accepted into被接受进入，录取；be committed to致力于；be concerned about关心；be withdrawn from从……退出。根据后文的“throughout this summer break I’ve spent around 110 hours ________ at VA Palo Alto in different departments”可推知，作者被VA项目录取了。故选A。]
6．B　[study学习；volunteer自愿做；observe观察；exercise锻炼。根据前文的“I was interested in volunteering at a hospital”可知，作者对在医院做志愿者很感兴趣，所以整个暑假自愿工作了大约110个小时。故选B。]
7．C　[convinced深信；determined坚定的；valued被重视的；amused觉得好笑的。根据前文的“I had never at all felt more welcomed”可知，作者从来没有感到像现在这样受到欢迎和重视。故选C。]
8．A　[apply申请；refuse拒绝；promise承诺；arrange安排。根据后文的“to work in the Office of Information Technology (OIT) since I am interested in computers”可知，因为作者对计算机很感兴趣，所以作者申请了信息技术办公室的工作。故选A。]
9．B　[classify分类；summarize总结，概括；divide划分；combine组合。根据前文的“My overall experience of volunteering at VA”以及后文的“eye-opening and ________”可知，作者的经历能被概括成两个词。故选B。]
10．D　[normal正常的；relevant相关的；reliable可靠的；worthy值得的。根据前文的“eye-opening”可知，作者认为自己的经历是令人大开眼界、值得铭记的。故选D。]
11．C　[be attached to钟爱；be devoted to专心于，致力于；be exposed to暴露于，接触；be supposed to应该。根据第一段中“I was interested in volunteering at a hospital because both of my parents work in hospitals.”以及后文的“from both my parents being physicians and my health problems”可知，作者因为父母是医生以及自己的健康问题，一直对医疗保健有所接触。故选C。]
12．D　[appropriately适当地；totally完全地；absolutely绝对地；actually实际上。根据上文可知，在作者的一生中，作者一直在接触医疗保健，但实际上，作者从来没有真正地了解过它。故选D。]
13．B　[respect尊重；treasure珍爱，珍惜；understand理解；agree同意。根据后文的“most about my experience was the ________ to see what it’s like to help people”可知，在这段做志愿者的经历中，作者能够看到帮助别人是什么样子，这是作者最珍惜的。故选B。]
14．A　[ability能力；responsibility责任；approach方法；courage勇气。根据后文的“to see what it’s like to help people”可知，作者从事志愿者工作，因此有能力看到帮助别人是什么样子。故选A。]
15．C　[relaxing令人放松的；challenging具有挑战性的；fulfilling令人满足的，让人感觉有意义的；thrilling令人兴奋不已的。根据上文可知，在一家治疗退伍军人的医院工作能够帮助别人，作者认为这让人感觉有意义。故选C。]
Ⅳ.1.to teach　2.sixth　3.as　4.where　5.borrowing　6.intended　7.Different　8.for　9.warning　10.be employed必修第三册　Unit 3　The world of science
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat ①cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)．First，he constructed a series of clear ②fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to ③self-repair.”
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.
3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John’s research plans.
B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.
4．What is the basis for John’s work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
语境猜词 ①cancer-causing(合)＝cancer＋causing ②fiberglass(合)＝fiber＋glass ③self-repair(合)＝self＋repair
B
Using hypodermic needles to deliver drugs has been common for more than a century.The past hundred years have seen all manner of medical advances，yet the needle has stayed mostly unchanged.Although now available in a variety of different sizes，it remains a hollow(中空的)，pointy tube.With luck，that may soon change.Researchers around the world are looking for ways to ease the ①passage of needles into the skin.Many have been inspired by nature.
An obvious source of ideas has been mosquitoes，which manage to take their blood meals almost ②painlessly.One reason is that the insects release anaesthetic(麻醉的) chemicals when they first puncture(刺穿) the skin.But another has to do with the shape and action of their mouthparts.
The point of a mosquito’s mouthparts is serrated (锯齿状的) and softer at its tip.The insect stretches the skin of its target before biting，and shakes its mouthparts quickly as it pushes it in.All of this helps to reduce the force needed to puncture the skin.One paper，published in 2020 by a group of researchers in America and China，found that a ③mosquito-inspired needle required 27% less force than an ordinary one.And less puncture force means less pain.
Mosquito-inspired needles might also be useful for delicate procedures such as biopsies(活组织检查)．A paper from the University of Michigan，also published in 2020，found that the lower puncture force led to less movement of the sampling area，ensuring that the needles were guided accurately to the area，rather than missing the target.
For now，such devices remain restricted to labs.But there is a big market for better needles.According to the World Health Organization，around 16bn injections were given in 2018.With one person in four saying they suffer from trypanophobia，or a fear of needles，the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up their sleeves would be considerable.
5．What contributes to mosquitoes’ getting blood without causing pain
A．The sound they make before biting.
B．The special shape of their mouthparts.
C．The high speed of their action.
D．The small size of their mouthparts.
6．What can we learn about the mosquito-inspired needles from the text
A. They have been put on the market.
B．They require more puncture force than the ordinary ones.
C．They cause less pain when getting through the skin.
D．The lower puncture force may cause them to miss the target.
7．What is the author’s attitude towards the mosquito-inspired needles
A．Unclear. B．Tolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Painless Needles Inspired by Nature
B．The Application of the Mosquito-inspired Needles
C．The Latest Medical Advances Made by Researchers
D．Mosquitoes’ Unique Way to Take the Blood Painlessly
语境猜词 ①passage(熟义：n.章节) 生义(文义)： ②painlessly(派)＝pain＋less＋ly ③mosquito-inspired(合)＝mosquito＋inspired
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·广东二模)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) geolocation(人工智能定位技术) solutions are changing the way researchers track and ①monitor wildlife，enabling more powerful conservation efforts.These systems use advanced sensors，satellite imagery，and machine learning algorithms(算法) to gather real-time data on animal movements，habitat preferences，and migration patterns. 1
Traditional tracking methods often rely on ②non-automatic tracking or inconvenient necklace-like systems，which may cause stress and ③discomfort to the animals. 2 The devices can work as tags and the camera traps can be set up remotely，which decreases human impact on wildlife.
In addition，AI-powered devices collect and analyze data precisely.Through their assistance，scientists can gain insights into habitat choices and evaluate the effect of global warming on wild animal locations. 3 For example，by analyzing the collected data，conservationists can promote targeted habitat restoration efforts according to the patterns and connections they discovered with the help of AI geolocation devices.
4 By monitoring animals’ behavioral changes in real-time，researchers can quickly detect signs of environmental issues.Sudden changes in an animal’s movements could indicate threats or problems.Researchers can then respond immediately，potentially saving the animal’s life.
Sharing geolocation data through online platforms can also help raise awareness about protecting endangered species. 5 This help them feel more connected to the issues wildlife face in habitats.The bond promotes a sense of responsibility among individuals and encourages them to contribute to wildlife conservation efforts through various means，such as donations，volunteer work，and so on.
A．This knowledge enables them to make accurate and efficient decisions.
B．However，AI tracking does not require disturbing contact with the animals.
C．AI monitoring needs fewer battery replacements than the traditional methods.
D．The solutions have offered the following key benefits to wildlife conservation.
E．Directly engaging with conservation efforts gives people a first-hand experience.
F．The AI geolocation technology significantly reduces the need for massive fieldwork.
G．With real-time data，the AI solutions also function as an early warning for wildlife risks.
语境猜词 ①monitor(熟义：n.班长) 生义(文义)： ②non-automatic(派)＝non＋automatic ③discomfort(派)＝dis＋comfort
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·浙江金华二模)
In the heart of Gaza，a 15-year-old Palestinian teen，Hussam Al-Attar，has become a beacon of hope.He has been 1 the “Newton of Gaza” because he came up with a brilliant and practical solution to the power 2 issue in ①displacement shelters in Rafah.
Equipped with 3 basic tools，Hussam generated electricity to illuminate the dark shelters.The 4 behind his solution was simple—he wanted to 5 the loneliness and fear his twin nephews experienced in the dark tent.
Despite the 6 of resources，Hussam managed to create fans that generate electricity.Firstly，he 7 components from damaged electronic devices，gathering essential elements for his power generators.These components have 8 coils，wires，and magnets.Next，Hussam 9 a simple yet effective turbine(涡轮) using locally 10 materials.The turbine’s blades(叶片) were constructed from ②lightweight but strong materials to 11 the force of the wind.As the wind 12 these blades，it activated the turbine.
With dreams of becoming an inventor，Hussam remains 13 about life’s possibilities despite Palestine’s challenges.He also ③notes that there are many 14 teens like him in Gaza.As the “Newton of Gaza，” Hussam Al-Attar is not just brightening shelters; he is lighting the way for a brighter future in the face of 15 .
1．A.rewarded B．nicknamed
C．awarded D．marked
2．A.balance B．abuse
C．control D．failure
3．A.nearly B．almost
C．only D．much
4．A.instruction B．situation
C．motivation D．explanation
5．A.overcome B．ease
C．release D．escape
6．A.supply B．waste
C．shortage D．distribution
7．A.recycled B．restored
C．refreshed D．reformed
8．A.included B．excluded
C．switched D．battled
9．A.obtained B．transformed
C．repaired D．④fashioned
10．A.affordable B．sustainable
C．available D．organic
11．A.resist B．capture
C．measure D．generate
12．A.interacted with B．cooperated with
C．dealt with D．agreed with
13．A.curious B．optimistic
C．amazed D．sympathetic
14．A.energetic B．bold
C．promising D．innovative
15．A.change B．adventure
C．danger D．adversity
语境猜词 ①displacement(派)＝dis＋place＋ment ②lightweight(合)＝light＋weight ③note(熟义：v.留意) 生义(文义)： ④fashion(转)n.→v.
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·湖南衡阳期末)
Using a three-dimensional (3D) transmission electron microscopy technique，a group of Chinese scientists have discovered a new phenomenon in the deformation(变形) of nanometals，which will help improve material design and ①engineering applications.
1． (lead) a team at the College of Materials Science and Engineering of Chongqing University and its ②cooperators，Huang Xiaoxu，a world-renowned materials scientist，created the world’s first 3D microscopy technique system 2._________ tracked the rotations(旋转) of individual ③grains in a nanograined nickel before and after in situ nanomechanical testing.The testing enables the observation of how the materials respond to applied stress in 3. (they) native state，which is fundamental to understand their mechanical 4. (property)，said the research.
They found that the nanosized grains sometimes experience lattice rotations different from the 5. (theory) prediction.This unexpected lattice rotation occurs more often in the larger grains and is due to a phenomenon 6. (call) back stress，which generates the rotation.
Huang Xiaoxu’s team 7. (develop) 3D microscopy techniques over the past 10 years.The microscopy is equipped 8. self-developed controlling hardware and software to enhance the efficiency of image collection and processing.
“In the past，with conventional microscopy，scientists could only observe the material deformation in a two-dimensional way，9. often led to incomplete or even misleading results，” said Huang.“Now we can 10. (eventual) observe the deformation in 3D，and we published our first finding using the technique.”
语境猜词 ①engineering(派)＝engineer＋ing ②cooperator(派)＝co＋operat(e)＋or ③grain(熟义：n.谷粒) 生义(文义)：
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.致癌的　②n.玻璃纤维　③n.自我修复
B．①n.管路，通道　②adv.无痛地　③adj.受到蚊子启发的
Ⅱ.①v.监视　②adj.非自动的　③n.不舒服；不适
Ⅲ.①n.流离失所　②adj.重量轻的　③v.指出　④(尤指用手工)制作，使成形，塑造
Ⅳ.①n.工程(学)　②n.合作者　③n.颗粒；晶粒
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索他家周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱；根据第二段可知，在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。由此可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。]
2．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“After a few weeks，John added the sludge.”以及第四段中的“The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。]
3．B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China.”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示关于约翰想法的一项实际应用。故选B。]
4．A　[推理判断题。根据第一段及最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究人员从自然界中，尤其是从蚊子的口器结构中，汲取灵感来制造无痛针头。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“One reason...But another has to do with the shape and action of their mouthparts.”可知，蚊子在叮咬时几乎不引起疼痛的原因之一是它们在刺穿皮肤时释放麻醉化学物质，但另一个原因与它们口器的形状有关，故选B。]
6．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“One paper...found that a mosquito-inspired needle required 27% less force than an ordinary one.And less puncture force means less pain.”可知，受蚊子启发而制成的针头比普通针头所需的力少27%，穿刺力越小意味着疼痛越少，所以受蚊子启发而制成的针头在穿透皮肤时造成的疼痛更少。故选C。]
7．D　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中“With one person in four saying they suffer from trypanophobia，or a fear of needles，the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up their sleeves would be considerable.”可知，作者对受蚊子启发而制成的针头持积极态度，因为它们可以减少人们对注射的恐惧。故选D。]
8．A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了研究人员从自然界中寻找灵感，尤其是受到蚊子口器结构的启发，来制造无痛针头，故A项“The Painless Needles Inspired by Nature”最能概括文章主题，适合作文章标题。故选A。]
Ⅱ.1.D　2.B　3.A　4.G　5.E
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了15岁的巴勒斯坦少年Hussam Al-Attar提出了一个聪明而实用的解决方案来解决拉法流离失所者收容所的停电问题。
1．B　[reward奖励；nickname给……起绰号；award授予；mark做标记。根据后文“the ‘Newton of Gaza’”可知，他外号叫“加沙的牛顿”。故选B。]
2．D　[balance平衡；abuse虐待；control控制；failure失败，故障。根据前文“he came up with a brilliant and practical solution to address the power”和后文“Hussam generated electricity to illuminate the dark shelters”可知，他解决了电力供应故障问题，故选D。]
3．C　[nearly差不多；almost几乎；only仅仅；much非常。根据后文“basic tools”和语境可知，他只有基本的工具。故选C。]
4．C　[instruction指示；situation情况；motivation动力；explanation解释。根据后文“he wanted to ________ the loneliness and fear his twin nephews experienced in the dark tent”可知，后文解释了他解决供电问题的动机。故选C。]
5．B　[overcome克服；ease缓解；release释放；escape逃走。根据后文“the loneliness and fear”可知，他解决供电问题的动机是想缓解他的双胞胎侄子在黑暗的帐篷里经历的孤独和恐惧。故选B。]
6．C　[supply供应；waste浪费；shortage缺乏；distribution分配。根据前文“basic tools”可知，他只有基本的工具，所以面临资源短缺的难题。故选C。]
7．A　[recycle回收利用；restore恢复；refresh使恢复精神；reform改革。根据后文“components from damaged electronic devices”可知，他从损坏的电子设备中回收部件，为他的发电机收集必要的电器元件。故选A。]
8．A　[include包括；exclude不包括；switch交换；battle搏斗。此处都是解决供电问题所需要的部件，故选A。]
9．D　[obtain获得；transform转换；repair修理；fashion(尤指用手工)制作。根据后文“a simple yet effective turbine(涡轮) using”可知他手工制作了一个涡轮机。故选D。]
10．C　[affordable负担得起的；sustainable可持续的；available可获得的；organic有机的。根据前文“he ________ components from damaged electronic devices”可知，他回收再利用的部件都是来自损坏的电子设备，即从当地能得到这些材料。故选C。]
11．B　[resist抵制；capture捕获；measure测量；generate产生。根据后文“the force of the wind”可知，涡轮机通过叶片捕捉风力，从而发电。故选B。]
12．A　[interact with与……相互作用；cooperate with与……合作；deal with处理；agree with同意。根据后文“these blades，it activated the turbine”可知，要利用风能发电，需要风与这些叶片相互作用，启动涡轮机。故选A。]
13．B　[curious好奇的；optimistic乐观的；amazed惊讶的；sympathetic有同情心的。根据后文“about life’s possibilities despite Palestine’s challenges”中despite表示让步可知，尽管巴勒斯坦面临种种挑战，Hussam仍然对生活的可能性持乐观态度，故选B。]
14．D　[energetic精力充沛的；bold大胆的；promising有前途的；innovative创新的。根据前文“he came up with a brilliant and practical solution to the power ________ issue in displacement shelters in Rafah”可知，他提出了一个聪明而实用的解决方案来解决拉法流离失所者收容所的停电问题，说明他有创新精神。故选D。]
15．D　[change改变；adventure冒险；danger危险；adversity逆境。呼应前文“despite Palestine’s challenges”可知，他身处逆境，但还是通过自己的才智为更光明的未来照亮道路。故选D。]
Ⅳ.1.Leading　2.and　3.their　4.properties　5.theoretical　6.called　7.has been developing　8.with　9.which
10．eventually必修第三册　Unit 4　Amazing art
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·福建莆田质检)
“By removing needless details in pursuit of perfection，Van Den followed in the footsteps of many great artists，writers，composers，and painters.”
Juhani Murros made an unexpected discovery during his visits to art galleries when he worked for an organization in Ho Chi Minh City in 1990.A small still life in an unnoticeable gallery commanded the Finnish physician’s attention.“It was not an ①eye-catching oil painting，yet its dark，mysterious colors and the emotional tension of its disciplined composition set it apart.” Thus began a long journey of discovering the art and life of Van Den，an artist of mixed Chinese and Vietnamese ancestry who studied in Paris for less than two years.
Murros’ biography of Van Den is，②by necessity，brief because there is limited knowledge of the artist，mostly in oral way by family and friends.Many of his paintings did not survive the damp Southeast Asian climate nor the political chaos of his lifetime.However，the author’s research appears to be extensive，as much a years-long spiritual examination of Van Den as a historical one.The artist’s love for country life is apparent in his work，and it is said by those who knew him that he preferred to paint countryside scenes close to his heart and worked as an outsider.He was uninterested in the more elegant work of academically recognized painters.Despite these limitations，Van Den won Vietnam’s most honorable art award in 1960.
Murros gives an in-depth look into the life of this little-known ③unsung master.The book introduces the readers to Van Den’s art with photographs of his paintings，accompanied by short stories behind them.The book is as quiet as the artist’s work，but it is a satisfying read.Each stroke of words in the book connects to the readers；the narrative awakens the artistic spirit in each one of us，encouraging us to follow our heart.
1．What of Van Den first impressed Juhani Murros
A．His life story. B．His painting style.
C．His birth place. D．His emotional stale.
2．Why is Murros’ biography brief
A．Van Den’s art wasn’t well accepted.
B．Murros had limited knowledge of art.
C．Murros had gained little primary data.
D．Van Den’s family kept everything back.
3．What can we learn about Van Den
A．His works are rarely available today.
B．He showed great love for his country.
C．His works were of mysterious themes.
D．He ever traveled in China and Vietnam.
4．Which of the following can describe this biography
A．Amusing. B．Detailed. C．Objective. D．Inspirational.
语境猜词 ①eye-catching(合＋派)＝eye＋catch＋ing ②by necessity ③unsung(派)＝un＋s(i→u)ng
B
(2025·浙江嵊州适应性考试)
Theophilus Tetteh is an African contemporary artist from Ghana.He buried himself in the study of graphic design and painting at school while experimenting with different media themes.
Now we hear about African painters stepping into the spotlight，but it might be challenging for Ghanaian artists to bring their careers to commercial success and critical recognition.The art market as such is not yet established in Ghana.The country doesn’t even have a national gallery to preserve and promote Ghanaian art.It can be problematic for young painters who cannot afford to move to Europe or the US to promote and ①market their art.Besides，many young artists can even have trouble getting painting materials.
Things changed for Tetteh when he got featured in BE OPEN Art，an online gallery of contemporary art.It was founded by philanthropist Elena Baturina with a desire to provide emerging artists worldwide with an opportunity to show their works to the world of art professionals.The platform especially welcomes artists who don’t have resources or promotional opportunities such as graduates and self-taught artists.
In December 2020，Tetteh was voted the Artist of the Month by the visitors of the BE OPEN Art.Later，he was chosen as the gallery’s first-ever Artist of the Year.The award brought him favorable ②publicity，so he was noticed by the art community，the media，collectors，etc.In 2021，he was interviewed frequently by the media and featured in a famous magazine.All these things let the prices of the artist’s work inch upwards.
Tetteh thinks the world can be a better place if young artists are guided on their way without any form of disregard，but with support of the senior.As his name has hit headlines of the arts world media，he hopes to help promote emerging talents in his native country.“The art makes the man and the man makes the art，” he says.
5．What can we learn about Ghanaian artists from paragraphs 1－2
A. They tend to combine designs with media themes.
B．They have established an art market to promote works.
C．They desire professional guidance on preserving national art.
D．They lack a supportive platform to realize commercial value of their works.
6．Why did Elena Baturina establish BE OPEN Art
A. To promote ancient African art treasures.
B．To broaden the artistic vision of self-taught artists.
C．To provide chances for young artists to display artistic talents.
D．To sponsor a project for the contemporary emerging artists from Ghana.
7．What kind of person is Tetteh according to the last paragraph
A．Socially responsible. B．Amazingly talented.
C．Commercially smart. D．Culturally conservative.
8．Which of the following best describes Tetteh’s change of fate
A．All that glitters is not gold.
B．Opportunity favors the prepared.
C．The strong is not without tears.
D．A good name is easier lost than won.
语境猜词 ①market(转)n.→v. ②publicity(派)＝public＋ity
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Art comes in two main categories：realistic and abstract.Realistic art aims to show real-life scenes，people，and objects exactly as they appear.It involves paying close attention to details，making things look like photographs. 1 It’s more about expressing feelings，emotions，and ideas.
Realistic art is easy to understand.Viewers can easily recognize what is portrayed.Take the Mona Lisa，for example—it’s a realistic painting of a lady with a mysterious smile. 2 They help us to learn about the past.
Unlike realistic art，abstract art is more about being creative. 3 They use shapes，colors and patterns to express feelings and ideas.Abstract art means different things to different people.Some people enjoy trying to figure out what the artwork conveys.
　　 4 Realistic art needs ①precision in drawing or sculpting to make things look real.Abstract art requires imagination to use shapes and colors in new ways.Many artists are skilled in both.They create realistic pieces to demonstrate their technical skills and abstract ones to display their creativity.
As for personal preference，some people prefer the clear stories of realistic art while others are attracted to the mystery of abstract art，interpreting meanings in the shapes and forms.Together，the two kinds of art make the art world diverse and ②engaging. 5
A．Both types of art take skills to make.
B．Photographs preserve faces of folks from long ago.
C．Grasping abstract art demands more artistic training.
D．Both ways of creating art have their own value and beauty.
E．In contrast，abstract art focuses less on realistic appearances.
F．Artworks like this tell stories about history and everyday life.
G．Artists have the freedom to go beyond real-life representations.
语境猜词 ①precision(派)＝precis(e)＋ion ②engaging(派)＝engag(e)＋ing
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
The rangoli(印度传统地画) was a giant good-luck charm.Grandma used to make one for the start of the new year.First，she would draw on the floor with chalk.Then，she would fill the drawing with ①uncooked 1 rice.
This year，Manju was old enough to help.He 2 paper into a cone(圆锥体) and filled it with rice.Side by side，he placed rice across the drawing together with Grandma.Sometimes his rice skittered outside the drawing.Sometimes he used the 3 color.And sometimes he ②rubbed away the 4 ，so Grandma had to redraw it.But 5 ，the bright swirls of rice transformed into a beautiful peacock.When Manju admired the peacock，he 6 a small piece of tile(瓷砖) peeking through on Grandma’s side.
A 7 ？ But Grandma was away to answer the telephone.Should he fix it
“I’ll surprise Grandma！” he decided.He 8 across，trying to reach the gap.Almost.His left leg ③inched up.There! Suddenly，Manju began to 9 .His proud smile vanished.“No！” He crashed down onto the rangoli，scattering rice 10 .
Manju rose to his feet and pushed the rice back.But the colors were 11 .When Grandma came back，Manju 12 .He said，“I’m sorry.I should have waited for you.” Grandma shook her head，“You saw a 13 and tried to fix it.I’m proud of you.” They picked up the rice， 14 each grain by color.Just before nightfall，they finished fixing the rangoli.
Grandma lit candles around the rangoli.In the flickering light，the peacock seemed 15 with mystical powers.Manju smiled.The new year felt full of good luck，thanks to Grandma—and him.
1．A.burst B．marked
C．colored D．carried
2．A.rolled B．brought
C．slid D．sank
3．A.pale B．wrong
C．fresh D．bright
4．A.viewpoint B．outline
C．proposal D．case
5．A.slowly B．fluently
C．passively D．instantly
6．A.imagined B．spotted
C．witnessed D．missed
7．A.cone B．rice
C．chalk D．gap
8．A.extended B．expanded
C．stretched D．spread
9．A.swell B．lift
C．shake D．rest
10．A.somewhere B．everywhere
C．anywhere D．nowhere
11．A.mixed B．removed
C．classified D．displayed
12．A.looked into B．looked through
C．looked out D．looked down
13．A.problem B．puzzle
C．selection D．collection
14．A.analyzing B．searching
C．sorting D．checking
15．A.lovely B．living
C．live D．alive
语境猜词 ①uncooked(派)＝un＋cook＋ed ②rub away ③inch(转)n.→v.
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The southern ①mountainous area of Anhui Province is home to old villages that seek to burst with new vitality.Among them，Xidi and Hongcun villages，1. (declare) by UNESCO to be World Heritage sites in 2000 for their outstanding preservation of ancient rural architecture，welcome visitors who come to appreciate 2. (they) distinctive Huizhou-style houses and a full display of the Hui culture.They feel as if immersed in a traditional Chinese ink painting.
This level of preservation could not be achieved 3. the participation of generations of local residents.In the old days，street dealers 4. (forbid) from letting their shoulder poles(肩担)touch the ground in order to protect the bluestone laid on all the streets and alleys here.
5． a local folk rhyme(民谣)says，“One is not lucky to be born in Huizhou.At 13 or 14 he ②is kicked out of his hometown to make 6.___________ living.” It indicates 7. hard the people of Huizhou once struggled.So far，some customs have remained and newly integrated with tourism，8. (offer) glimpses into the lives of the ancient Huizhou people.“This symbolizes the 9._________ (combine) of intangible with tangible cultural heritage.” A local official says.He also suggests that the old villages explore and find their own unique and ③marketable themes to fully showcase their 10. (culture) charm.
语境猜词 ①mountainous(派)＝mountain＋ous ②be kicked out of one’s hometown ③marketable(派)＝market＋able
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.引人注目的　②必然地；不可避免地　③adj.被埋没的；未被赞扬的
B．①推销；营销　②n.(媒体的)报道，关注
Ⅱ.①n.精确，准确　②adj.迷人的；吸引人的
Ⅲ.①adj.未煮过的　②擦掉；消除　③缓慢移动
Ⅳ.①adj.多山的　②被赶出家乡　③adj.可销售的；有销路的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　这是一篇书评。文章评价了Juhani Murros所写的越南艺术家Van Den的传记。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was not an eye-catching oil painting，yet its dark，mysterious colors and the emotional tension of its disciplined composition set it apart.”可知，最初给Murros留下深刻印象的是Van Den的绘画风格，故选B。]
2．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Murros’ biography of Van Den is，by necessity，brief because there is limited knowledge of the artist，mostly in oral way by family and friends.”可知，Murros写的传记简短是因为关于这位艺术家的信息非常有限，他没有获得很多原始资料，故选C。]
3．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many of his paintings did not survive the damp Southeast Asian climate nor the political chaos of his lifetime.”可知，他的很多作品没能被保留下来，所以今天很难见到他的作品，故选A。]
4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The book is as quiet as the artist’s work...the narrative awakens the artistic spirit in each one of us，encouraging us to follow our heart.”可知，这本书能够激发读者的艺术精神，鼓励人们追随自己的心，由此推出这本书具有鼓励和启发的性质，故选D。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在线画廊BE OPEN Art为没有机会推广自己艺术作品的艺术家提供一个向世界展示作品的机会。
5．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“it might be challenging for Ghanaian artists to bring their careers to commercial success and critical recognition.The art market as such is not yet established in Ghana”可知，加纳艺术家缺乏一个支撑其作品实现商业价值的平台。故选D。]
6．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...BE OPEN Art，an online gallery of...It was founded by philanthropist Elena Baturina with a desire to provide emerging artists worldwide with an opportunity to show their works to the world of art professionals.”可知，Elena Baturina创立BE OPEN Art是为了给年轻艺术家提供展示艺术才华的机会。故选C。]
7．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Tetteh thinks the world can be a better place if...he hopes to help promote emerging talents in his native country.”可知，Tetteh希望能帮助自己的祖国培养新兴人才，可推知他是有社会责任感的。故选A。]
8．B　[推理判断题。根据全文可知，在线画廊BE OPEN Art为年轻艺术家提供向世界艺术专业人士展示作品的机会，而在学校时就专注学习并尝试不同主题的Tetteh抓住了机会，使自己的才能被注意到，所以他的命运改变说明机会青睐有准备的人。故选B。]
Ⅱ.1.E　2.F　3.G　4.A　5.D
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了祖母和孙子共同制作地画孔雀的经历，故事中的孩子Manju展现了勇于尝试、解决问题的精神，而祖母则代表着包容与鼓励。最终，他们共同面对困难，克服挑战，展现了家庭团结的力量。
1．C　[burst使爆裂；mark做标记；color染色；carry携带。根据下文的“each grain by color”可知，用来做传统地画的米粒是有着不同颜色的，即被染了色。故选C。]
2．A　[roll把……卷起来；bring带来；slide滑动；sink使沉没。根据本句中的“paper into a cone(圆锥体) and filled it with rice”可知，要将纸卷成圆锥体后再装满米粒。故选A。]
3．B　[pale苍白的；wrong错误的；fresh新鲜的；bright明亮的。根据上文的“Sometimes his rice skittered outside the drawing.”可知，有时他的米粒跑到了画作的外面，看得出Manju还不熟练，因此他还会用错米粒的颜色。故选B。]
4．B　[viewpoint观点；outline轮廓；proposal建议；case案例。根据上文的“First，she would draw on the floor with chalk.”可知，奶奶要先在地上画出轮廓，再由空后的“so Grandma had to redraw it”可知，Manju会将轮廓弄掉一些，所以奶奶需要重新画。故选B。]
5．A　[slowly 缓慢地；fluently流利地；passively被动地；instantly瞬间地。根据上文的“Grandma had to redraw it”和本句中的“the bright swirls of rice transformed into a beautiful peacock”可知，制作地画的过程中出了一些差错，所以这些染色的米粒是慢慢变成了孔雀的图案。故选A。]
6．B　[imagine想象；spot发现；witness目击；miss错过。根据本句中的“a small piece of tile(瓷砖) peeking through on Grandma’s side”和下文的“But Grandma was away to answer the telephone.Should he fix it？”可知，Manju发现瓷砖露出来影响了画作的美感，他要去修补。故选B。]
7．D　[cone圆锥；rice大米；chalk粉笔；gap缺口。根据下文的“trying to reach the gap”可知，Manju发现有一小片瓷砖露出来了，孔雀有了缺口。故选D。]
8．C　[extend延伸；expand扩大；stretch拉伸；spread传播。根据上文的“on Grandma’s side”并结合本句中的“trying to reach the gap”可知，缺口在奶奶那一边，Manju要探出身子去修复那个缺口。故选C。]
9．C　[swell膨胀；lift举起；shake摇晃；rest休息。根据上文的“His left leg inched up.”和下文的“He crashed down onto the rangoli”可知，Manju倒向了画作，因此他应该是摇晃了。故选C。]
10．B　[somewhere某处；everywhere到处；anywhere任何地方；nowhere无处。根据本句中的“He crashed down onto the rangoli”和下文的“pushed the rice back”可知，他倒向画作，米粒自然会被弄得到处都是。故选B。]
11．A　[mix混合；remove移除；classify分类；display展示。根据上文的“He crashed down onto the rangoli，scattering rice”可知，他摔倒在了画作上，米粒被弄得到处都是，各种颜色的米粒混合在了一起。故选A。]
12．D　[look into调查；look through浏览；look out留神；look down低头看。根据上文的“But the colors were ______.”和下文的“I’m sorry.I should have waited for you.”可知，Manju因好心办坏事而内疚地低下头。故选D。]
13．A　[problem问题；puzzle难题；selection选择；collection收集。根据上文的“When Manju admired the peacock，he ______ a small piece of tile(瓷砖) peeking through on Grandma’s side.”可知，Manju发现瓷砖露出来了，孔雀图案有了缺口，即Manju发现了问题并试图解决它。故选A。]
14．C　[analyze分析；search搜索；sort分类；check检查。根据上文的“But the colors were ________.”和下文的“Just before nightfall，they finished fixing the rangoli.”可知，祖孙二人要将混在一起的不同颜色的米粒分开。故选C。]
15．D　[lovely可爱的；living活着的；live活的；alive有生机的。根据上文的“In the flickering light，the peacock seemed”和下文的“with mystical powers”可知，在灯光的照射下，孔雀似乎有了生命力(指原本没有生命的东西有了生命力应用alive)。故选D。]
Ⅳ.1.declared　2.their　3.without　4.were forbidden　5.As
6．a　7.how　8.offering　9.combination　10.cultural必修第三册　Unit 5　What an adventure!
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·湖北一模)
The ocean feels boundless.If you were to start swimming from shore，it’s easy to believe—fitness and oxygen aside—you could continue forever.That’s a far different experience to overland travel，where mountains，rivers，and highways jammed with traffic prevents easy passage.It’s equally easy to believe that fish and other highly mobile sea creatures experience the ocean in such a fashion.These animals，adapted over thousands of years to navigate the ocean，must easily bypass(绕过) any barrier around which they can theoretically swim.That assumption，though，is wrong.
It’s common for many oceanic species to stick to specific habitats and only seldom swim beyond them.That is especially true for many immature animals，which are small and easy to fall victim to predators.This，however，can cause unexpectedly big problems for oceanic species，especially when infrastructure(基础设施) gets in the way.
Take，for example，the green sawfish living near the mouth of the Ashburton River in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.In 2017，engineers working on a local oil and gas processing plant built a new loading facility consisting of a large piling jetty(码头) and solid rock wall，which stretched 500 meters offshore.Later，scientists realized that the green sawfish were unable，or unwilling，to pass around the barrier.But that could prevent the animals from reaching valuable feeding grounds and other habitats.
This discovery leads to a surprising new idea that sea animals，much like land species，need a helping hand getting around human infrastructure.In the case of the green sawfish，engineers could have created ①underpasses in the jetty through which the fish could swim.
As the climate continues to change，many sea species are moving farther north and they need suitable habitats to move through.Whether creating pass-throughs in artificial structures or plotting routes away from warming oceans，thoughtfully designing our infrastructure could go a long way toward protecting animals as we continue to ②engineer the ocean.
1．What is the misunderstanding mentioned in the first paragraph
A. Sea creatures adapt to the ocean slowly.
B．The ocean presents no barriers to sea life.
C．Humans are inherently skilled at sea navigation.
D．Sea travel guarantees easier passage than land travel.
2．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. The impact of human-made structures.
B．The risk of being hunted by predators.
C．The behavior of mature oceanic animals.
D．The tendency to stay in familiar habitats.
3．Why are the green sawfish mentioned in the passage
A. To illustrate a point.
B．To present a phenomenon.
C．To put forward a new argument.
D．To add some background information.
4．What does the author suggest about engineering the ocean
A. Maximizing economic benefits.
B．Prioritizing human infrastructure.
C．Creating underpasses for surfers.
D．Accommodating oceanic species’ needs.
语境猜词 ①underpass(合)＝under＋pass ②engineer(转)n.→v.
B
(2025·湖南邵阳联考)
Antarctica，the southernmost continent on Earth and a frozen continent，remains a mysterious and original land，buried in ice and surrounded by a vast，①inhospitable ocean，which is often shrouded(隐藏) in mystery and intrigue.It holds a wealth of scientific wonders waiting to be explored.With the aid of cutting-edge technology，researchers have delved into its icy depths，uncovering the secrets of this remote and pristine(原始的) wilderness.
At the ②forefront of Antarctic exploration are advanced satellite imaging systems.These orbiting wonders provide detailed maps of the continent’s surface，allowing scientists to monitor changes in ice coverage and track the movements of glaciers with ③unprecedented accuracy.Such data is crucial for understanding the impacts of climate change on Antarctica’s delicate ecosystem and predicting future sea-level rise.
In addition to satellites，autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) play a key role in Antarctic research.These robotic submarines are equipped with an array of sensors and cameras，enabling them to navigate beneath the ice shelves and explore previously inaccessible regions.By collecting data on water temperature，salinity，and marine life，AUVs offer invaluable insights into the dynamics of Antarctic Ocean currents and the habitats of its unique marine species.
Furthermore，drones have revolutionized scientific fieldwork in Antarctica.These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for conducting aerial surveys of vast ice sheets and capturing high-resolution imagery of remote locations.By providing researchers with real-time data and imagery，drones facilitate rapid assessments of environmental changes and aid in the study of wildlife populations，from penguins to seals.
Despite the remarkable advancements in technology，conducting research in Antarctica remains a huge challenge due to its extreme weather conditions and remote location.However，through cooperative efforts and innovative approaches，scientists continue to push the boundaries of exploration，uncovering the mysteries of Antarctica and advancing our understanding of the Earth’s climate system.
5．What technology is primarily used for monitoring changes in ice coverage in Antarctica
A. Drones.
B．Submersible robots.
C．Satellite imaging systems.
D．Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)．
6．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph
A. Exploring and research on Antarctica is an easy task.
B．Scientific fieldwork in Antarctica is hard to continue.
C．Drones play a significant part in scientific fieldwork in Antarctica.
D．AUVs capture high-resolution imagery of remote locations.
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the research in Antarctica
A．Objective. B．Subjective. C．Suspicious. D．Indifference.
8．What would be the most suitable title for the text
A. The Challenges of Antarctic Exploration
B．Traditional Methods of Antarctic Research
C．The Environmental Impact of Satellite Imaging
D．The Technological Wonders of Exploring Antarctica
语境猜词 ①inhospitable(派)＝in＋hospitable ②forefront(派)＝fore＋front ③unprecedented(派)＝un＋precedent＋ed
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
For outdoor enthusiasts，it is crucial to be prepared for any sort of natural disaster in the open air. 1 It includes what kinds of disasters may strike，and what resources should be taken on your trip.
2 Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; mountainous areas are likely to see avalanches(雪崩) in winter and landslides in summer.Therefore，always do some research ahead of time to help you find right survival strategies in different conditions.
While you’re planning，the essential thing to consider is the things you should pack for your trip.Any disaster that may separate you from civilization for a period of time will require you to provide your own food，water，and shelter for at least a few days. 3 For disasters that may ①wet your equipment，flameless light sources are a must.What you bring with you should be suited to the disaster you might encounter.
Once you complete your survival plan，it’s better to review it ②periodically.When a natural disaster strikes，you probably won’t have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice. 4
If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the ③wilderness，you should put your survival plan into effect immediately. 5 Then contact others for help.Do not wait around to see if the disaster is really that serious，do not panic，and do not easily abandon your plan.
A．But this is not always the case.
B．It’s also a good idea to bring light sources.
C．That means having a disaster response plan.
D．It’s also great to consult with the specialists in person.
E．Consequently，revising it frequently is strongly recommended.
F．Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas.
G．Stay calm，act decisively，and begin working to keep yourself alive.
语境猜词 ①wet(转)adj.→v. ②periodically(派)＝period＋ic＋ally ③wilderness(派)＝wild＋er＋ness
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
Last Christmas，I volunteered for WNWNB，a charity which takes surplus(剩余的) produce from New Covent Garden Market and 1 it to the local community.
The food was already in containers.So we set up the ①stand and got ready to distribute some Christmas 2 .At first，it was 3 .People seemed a bit suspicious of taking food for free.But they gradually 4 us and we had a fun afternoon singing and trying to 5 passers-by to take our food.
It was then time to deliver meals to those who weren’t able to come.This is 6 things changed for me.The first door I knocked on was 7 by a woman in her 30s.She had children and looked absolutely worn out.I told her I was from WNWNB and gave her the 8 meals.It was probably only about two days’ worth of food but，the way she 9 ，I felt as if I was handing her gold.
I had similar responses to my next 10 .In some cases，when people were elderly or alone，I’d go into their homes and have a brief 11 before heading off.Many felt 12 .I saw how happy they were to have another adult human to 13 .
As a local politician I knock on doors and talk to people a lot，but there was something deeper about those 14 on Christmas Day.I finished my day at WNWNB a slightly different person from the one who 15 .
1．A.distributes B．introduces
C．sells D．exhibits
2．A.forgiveness B．images
C．recipes D．cheer
3．A.easy B．nice
C．slow D．safe
4．A.broke away from B．put up with
C．cut in on D．warmed up to
5．A.threaten B．encourage
C．allow D．command
6．A.why B．how
C．where D．when
7．A.opened B．repaired
C．cleaned D．guarded
8．A.costly B．unfinished
C．②deserted D．ready
9．A.declined B．reacted
C．argued D．traded
10．A.purchases B．interviews
C．deliveries D．schedules
11．A.meal B．chat
C．report D．silence
12．A.proud B．free
C．lonely D．content
13．A.connect with B．look after
C．turn to D．rely on
14．A.conversations B．budgets
C．explanations D．deals
15．A.hesitated B．started
C．ignored D．struggled
语境猜词 ①stand(熟义：v.站立 ) 生义(文义)： ②deserted(派)＝desert＋ed
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma. 1.__________ total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water，ecology and human activity，aiming 2. (reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ①ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
3． (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia，the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China.It is also a natural laboratory for 4. (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life，and the relationship between man and Earth.5. an important part of the research，the ongoing expedition is 6. (particular) important to the study of the impact of ②climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world.
The expedition focuses on major scientific 7. (issue)，such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming，according to Yao Tandong,8. is the team leader.“The expedition has realized the 9. (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’，achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，” he said.So far，many scientific achievements 10._________ (make)．
语境猜词 ①ecological(派)＝ecolog(y)＋i＋cal ②climatic(派)＝climat(e)＋ic
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①n.地下通道　②策划；设计
B．①adj.不适于居住的；荒凉的　②n.前沿　③adj.前所未有的
Ⅱ.①使潮湿；把……弄湿　②adv.定期地，周期性地　③n.未开发的地区，荒野
Ⅲ.①n.摊位　②adj.被遗弃的
Ⅳ.①adj.生态的，生态学的　②adj.气候的，与气候有关的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类海洋工程对海洋生物的影响及其解决方案。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“These animals，adapted over thousands of years to navigate the ocean，must easily bypass(绕过) any barrier around which they can theoretically swim.That assumption，though，is wrong.”可知，第一段提到的误解是海洋没有给海洋生物设置障碍。故选B。]
2．D　[代词指代题。根据画线词前的“It’s common for many oceanic species to stick to specific habitats and only seldom swim beyond them.That is especially true for many immature animals，which are small and easy to fall victim to predators.”可知，这里的“This”指代的是上文提到的倾向于待在熟悉的栖息地。故选D。]
3．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句以及第三段可知，文章中提到绿锯鱼是为了说明一个观点：人类建造的基础设施会给海洋生物带去意想不到的问题。故选A。]
4．D　[细节理解题。 根据最后一段中“...thoughtfully designing our infrastructure could go a long way toward protecting animals as we continue to engineer the ocean.”可知，作者建议在进行海洋工程时，应该考虑到海洋物种的需求，从而保护海洋生物。故选D。]
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the forefront of Antarctic exploration are advanced satellite imaging systems.These orbiting wonders provide detailed maps of the continent’s surface，allowing scientists to monitor changes in ice coverage and track...”可知，卫星成像系统为科学家提供了详细的南极大陆表面地图，以便他们监测冰盖变化并跟踪冰川的运动。故选C。]
6．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段“Furthermore，drones have revolutionized scientific fieldwork...These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for conducting...and capturing...By providing researchers with real-time data and imagery，drones facilitate rapid assessments of...”可推知，无人机在南极洲科考工作中起着非常重大的作用。故选C。]
7．A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Despite the remarkable advancements in technology，conducting research in Antarctica remains a huge challenge due to its extreme weather conditions and remote location.”可推知，作者对在南极进行研究持有客观的态度。故选A。]
8．D　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中“With the aid of cutting-edge technology，researchers have delved into its icy depths，uncovering the secrets of this remote and pristine(原始的) wilderness.”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了南极探险中使用的先进技术。由此可知，D项“The Technological Wonders of Exploring Antarctica”最适合作本文标题。故选D。]
Ⅱ.1.C　2.F　3.B　4.E　5.G
Ⅲ.
1．A　[distribute分发；introduce介绍；sell出售；exhibit展览。根据下文“So we set up the stand and got ready to distribute some Christmas ________.”可知，此处表示将剩余农产品分发给当地社区。故选A。]
2．D　[forgiveness宽恕；image图像；recipe食谱；cheer欢乐的氛围。根据上文“a charity which takes surplus(剩余的) produce from New Covent Garden Market and ________ it to the local community”以及“The food was already in containers.”可知，此处表示作者摆好摊位，准备将食物分发给当地社区的人们，为人们带去一些节日的快乐。故选D。]
3．C　[easy容易的；nice漂亮的；slow慢的；safe安全的。根据下文“People seemed a bit suspicious of taking food for free.”可知，人们似乎对免费领取食物有些怀疑，所以作者分发的速度很慢。故选C。]
4．D　[break away from脱离；put up with忍受；cut in on切入；warm up to对……热情起来。根据下文“and we had a fun afternoon singing and trying to ________ passers-by to take our food”以及语境可知，逐渐地，人们对作者热情起来。故选D。]
5．B　[threaten威胁；encourage鼓励；allow允许；command命令。根据上文“People seemed a bit suspicious of taking food for free.But they gradually ________ us”以及语境可知，志愿者们感受到人们的热情，还鼓励路人来领取食物。故选B。]
6．D　[why为什么；how如何；where何地；when何时。根据上文“It was then time to deliver meals to those who weren’t able to come.”以及语境可知，此处表示在作者给那些不能来的人们送餐的时候，事情发生了变化。故选D。]
7．A　[open打开；repair修复；clean清洁；guard保卫。根据上文“The first door I knocked on”可知，作者敲门后，一位30多岁的女士打开门。故选A。]
8．D　[costly昂贵的；unfinished未完成的；deserted被遗弃的；ready准备好的。根据上文“The food was already in containers.”可知，食物已经被装在容器里准备好了，作者送去的是准备好的饭菜。故选D。]
9．B　[decline拒绝；react反应；argue争辩；trade交易。根据下文“I felt as if I was handing her gold”以及语境可知，这位女士的反应使得作者觉得自己好像在给她金子。故选B。]
10．C　[purchase购买；interview访谈；delivery递送；schedule时间表。根据上文“It was then time to deliver meals to those who weren’t able to come.”以及语境可知，此处表示给那位女士送完之后的接下来的几次递送。故选C。]
11．B　[meal餐；chat聊天；report报告；silence沉默。根据下文“As a local politician I knock on doors and talk to people a lot”可推知，此处表示作者会走进老人或者独居的人家里，和他们简短地聊天。故选B。]
12．C　[proud骄傲的；free自由的；lonely孤独的；content满足的。根据上文“when people were elderly or alone”可知，本句中Many指代上文提及的老人和独居的人，结合常识，他们会感到孤独。故选C。]
13．A　[connect with与……联系，沟通；look after照顾；turn to转向；rely on依靠。根据上文“In some cases，when people were elderly or alone，I’d go into their homes and have a brief ________ before heading off.”可知，作者会走进老人或者独居的人家里，和他们简短地聊天，所以此处表示他们感觉开心是由于他们可以和其他人沟通。故选A。]
14．A　[conversation对话；budget预算；explanation解释；deal交易。根据上文“As a local politician I knock on doors and talk to people a lot”以及语境可知，经常与人交谈的作者认为圣诞节这天的对话有更深层次的意义。故选A。]
15．B　[hesitate犹豫；start开始；ignore忽略；struggle挣扎。根据上文“I finished my day at WNWNB a slightly different person from”可知，作者在做志愿者结束后感受到不同，所以此处表示现在的自己与开始的那个自己不同。故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.A　2.to reveal　3.Labeled/Labelled　4.conducting
5．As　6.particularly　7.issues　8.who　9.transformation　10.have been made必修第三册　Unit 6　Disaster and hope
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·河北沧州三模)
Earthquake prediction has long been a challenge for scientists around the globe since the geological phenomenon can occur at any time and any location with little or no warning.The ①chance of a powerful earthquake can only be determined through long-term forecasts in a general area or region on Earth.
Throughout history，no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake：including its date and time，location and magnitude.These are the three elements essential to make an earthquake，according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS)．While small earthquakes occur all the time，②high-intensity earthquakes are rare but is something to watch out.
Now，a new study led by researchers from Pennsylvania State University found a potential solution to the dilemma of earthquake forecast：ancient underthrust rocks.These rocks buried deep in ancient subduction(俯冲) zones—where tectonic(地壳的) plates bump with each other—could help scientists make better predictions of how these zones behave during the years between major earthquakes.
According to the USGS，we are still uncertain how we can make such a feat and are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the ③foreseeable future.
Although some people in the past said they could predict earthquakes，the U．S.Government agency asserts these are all failed predictions.Their predictions are neither grounded on scientific fact nor passed through the scientific method.
Since authorities in the field of geology and other related areas acknowledged that earthquake prediction is still far from being completed，scientists continue to further understand this mystery.Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms，earthquakes have no concrete parameters(参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours，days，weeks or months.
Regardless，the Penn State researchers have made progress in the dilemma by understanding the underthrust rocks in ancient subduction zones.Determining this area could help scientists better predict the behavior of these zones during periods between major earthquakes.Evidence of their findings was based on clues from rock formations in Alaska and Japan.
1．What is the hard nut as to earthquake prediction
A. Earthquakes often occur in unexpected areas.
B．No scientists can tell how earthquakes happen.
C．The geological structure is too complicated.
D．It is hard to predict earthquakes accurately.
2．What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 mean
A．Take actions. B．Achieve success.
C．Adopt measures. D．Face challenges.
3．Why can hurricanes be accurately forecasted
A. Because they can be tracked through the specific data.
B．Because they usually happen in some particular places.
C．Because they can be confirmed by the practical experience.
D．Because they often take place during hot summer time.
4．What is the best title for the passage
A. Ancient Underthrust Rocks Help in Earthquake Prediction
B．Earthquake Prediction Remains a Problem to Work out
C．Underthrust Rocks Indicate Coming Violent Earthquakes
D．Scientists Can Successfully Predict Destructive Earthquakes
语境猜词 ①chance(熟义：n.机会) 生义(文义)： ②high-intensity(合)＝high＋intensity ③foreseeable(派)＝foresee＋able
B
Rogues(疯狗浪)，called “extreme storm waves” by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)．These abnormal waves，which happen every day and all over the world，are highly ①unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another，combining to form huge walls of water，according to NOAA.However，why and where they appear is unclear.But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys(浮标) in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”．
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that，until now，have not been combined into a single risk assessment，” said lead author Dion H fner.H fner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the ②likelihood that a rogue wave will form.
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data.This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them.But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.So H fner’s team applied another form of machine learning，which produced an equation when fed data，rather than just a single prediction，helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time.In fact，we ③registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves，” H fner said.This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，H fner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.
5．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example.
B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a classification.
D．By making an assumption.
6．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures.
B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring.
D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.
7．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A．They aren’t visually available.
B．They depend on too many factors.
C．They make inaccurate predictions.
D．They don’t process data systematically.
8．How does H fner find the system
A．It requires more field tests.
B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement.
D．It has a promising future.
语境猜词 ①unpredictable(派)＝un＋predict＋able ②likelihood(派)＝likel(y→i)＋hood ③register(熟义：v.注册) 生义(文义)：
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Floods can come from multiple sources.It can be a hurricane，failed dam，or ①overflowing river.The disasters can move quickly. 1 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event.Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places.In general，there are two types. 2 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture.The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent(激流) of rapidly moving water.River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive(过分的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee(防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things. 3 Living next to a river，dam，on the coast，or in a ②low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season. 4 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period，flooding can occur.Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months.For example，the collapse of a dam can cause a flood.A natural disaster，such as a tsunami，can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
5 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding.Moreover，flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A．The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B．Floods can be ③preventable and predictable.
C．Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D．And sometimes they come with little warning.
E．The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F．They include severe weather，geography，and other man-made factors.
G．Generally，the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
语境猜词 ①overflow(合)＝over＋flow ②low-lying(合)＝low＋lying ③preventable(派)＝prevent＋able
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏南通三模)
SpoGomi is a sport involving ①litter-picking by teams of three.You’re given an area of 1.5 sq km，and have to 1 as much litter as possible within an hour.The litter is then 2 .The team with the most wins.
We 3 the first SpoGomi world cup last August. 4 we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad.Upon arriving，we walked around the competition area，and thought about the 5 of people who drop litter：probably typically people who were drinking.That helped us ②narrow down where to go.Another 6 was that we were young and physically fit.We like the 7 element of the sport，whereas people from other countries are 8 more by environmental interests.
With 21 nations participating，the competition was 9 .After the first half，we were second.My muscles were 10 and I felt completely exhausted from the summer heat，but we had this feeling of being on the edge of something 11 .We had to just keep 12 .In the second half we ③pulled ahead because we 13 an area no one else had been to.We ended up coming first with 57kg of rubbish collected.
Without the competition，I wouldn’t have been someone who would have picked up litter off the street before.Now we are just much more 14 of it.Once you’re drawn into SpoGomi，your attitude towards litter and how you 15 completely changes.
1．A.load B．store
C．collect D．bury
2．A.priced B．labeled
C．sorted D．weighed
3．A.held up B．headed for
C．broke through D．put off
4．A.Gradually B．Immediately
C．Constantly D．Initially
5．A.profile B．shape
C．wisdom D．mood
6．A.advantage B．adventure
C．preference D．priority
7．A.educational B．competitive
C．sensitive D．recreational
8．A.assessed B．protected
C．favored D．motivated
9．A.intense B．fair
C．smooth D．friendly
10．A.relaxing B．growing
C．aching D．strengthening
11．A.amazing B．familiar
C．ordinary D．complex
12．A.training B．watching
C．pushing D．waiting
13．A.monitored B．deserted
C．occupied D．discovered
14．A.guilty B．nervous
C．envious D．aware
15．A.conclude B．contribute
C．compete D．complain
语境猜词 ①litter-picking(合)＝litter＋picking ②narrow(转)adj.→v. ③pull ahead
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Meat，milk，cheese—just some of the things provided by goats.But now we can also add fire safety to this list.Wildfires 1. (make) possible by hot，dry weather conditions as well as a supply of dead vegetation that serves as fuel.We may have limited control over the first factor,2. we can control the second.Reducing the fuel load ①lowers the probability of wildfires occurring，as well as the amount of damage 3.__________ (cause)．This is where we can turn to goats to provide a 4. (solve)．Goats have an 5. (extreme) powerful ②digestive system.Much vegetation that are toxic(有毒的) to other animals can be eaten by goats.It’s not just fully-grown plants 6._________ goats are able to deal with：any seeds that pass through a goat will not grow.Human ③clearance teams worry about 7. (send) to hard-to-reach vegetation patches(土地) while goats don’t.They are skilled mountain climbers and when standing on their hind(后面的) legs，they can reach up to two meters to eat shrubs and grass that humans would struggle 8.__________ (reach)．Because of this，using goats can reduce both workplace accidents and the amount of money spent 9. fire protection measures.Goatherds have been found to clear some patches of land for 10. third of the price of human vegetation control teams.
语境猜词
①lower(转)adj.→v.
②digestive(派)＝digest＋ive
③clearance(派)＝clear＋ance
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①n.可能性　②n.高强度　③adj.可预料的
B．①adj.不可预测的　②n.可能性　③v.记录
Ⅱ.①v.溢出　②adj.低洼的　③adj.可防止的
Ⅲ.①n.捡拾垃圾　②缩小；变窄　③领先，超过
Ⅳ.①降低　②adj.消化的　③n.清理
答案精析
Ⅰ.
1．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段首句“Earthquake prediction has long been a challenge...since the geological phenomenon can occur at any time and any location with little or no warning.”和第二段首句“Throughout history，no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake：including its date and time，location and magnitude.”可推知，要准确预测地震的发生时间、地点和震级很难。故选D。]
2．B　[词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线部分下文“are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the foreseeable future”可知，人类在现阶段仍然无法成功地准确预测大地震，此处和画线部分为并列结构，应该传递的是一致的含义。由此可知，画线部分make such a feat与achieve success“取得成功”意思一致。故选B。]
3．A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms，earthquakes have no concrete parameters(参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours，days，weeks or months.”可知，与飓风和其他风暴的天气预报不同，地震无法预测是因为没有具体参数作参照。由此可知，飓风等能预测是因为能够根据具体参数展开分析。故选A。]
4．A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文通过第一、二段介绍地震预测难的现状，引出第三段首句所表达的文章主旨：古老的俯冲断层岩石有助于预测地震。由此可知，“Ancient Underthrust Rocks Help in Earthquake Prediction”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。]
语篇解读　本文是说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪。研究人员发明了一个系统，该系统可以有效显示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地保护在世界各地航行的船只免受破坏。
5．B　[写作手法题。根据第一段“Rogues(疯狗浪)，called ‘extreme storm waves’ by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to...” 再结合下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对“疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。故选B。]
6．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...why and where they appear is unclear...researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’．”可知，疯狗浪出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，但研究人员创建了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。故选D。]
7．A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故选A。]
8．D　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，H fner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.”可推知，H fner认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。故选D。]
Ⅱ.1.D　2.C　3.F　4.G　5.B
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了SpoGomi这项团队捡垃圾的体育活动，作者所在的队伍如何通过策略和体能优势赢得比赛，以及这项活动如何改变了作者对垃圾的态度。
1．C　[load装载；store存储；collect收集；bury埋藏。根据空后“as much litter as possible within an hour”和下文“rubbish collected”可知，参与这项活动的团队必须在一小时内尽可能多地收集垃圾。故选C。]
2．D　[price给……定价；label标记；sort分类；weigh称重，根据下文“We ended up coming first with 57 kg of rubbish collected.”可知，垃圾被称重。故选D。]
3．B　[hold up举起；head for前往；break through突破；put off推迟。根据下文“we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad”可知，作者一行人前往参加首届SpoGomi世界杯。故选B。]
4．D　[gradually逐渐地；immediately立即；constantly不断地；initially最初。根据下文“we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad”可知，最初被吸引参加SpoGomi世界杯的原因是有一次免费出国旅行的机会，故选D。]
5．A　[profile概况；shape形状；wisdom智慧；mood情绪。根据下文“probably typically people who were drinking”可知，作者一行人思考了一下乱扔垃圾的人的情况。故选A。]
6．A　[advantage优势；adventure冒险；preference偏好；priority优先事项。根据空前的“That helped us narrow down where to go.”和空后的“we were young and physically fit”可知，作者一行人年轻且身体健康是另一个优势。故选A。]
7．B　[educational教育性的；competitive竞争性的；sensitive敏感的；recreational娱乐性的。根据下文“After the first half，we were second.”和“We ended up coming first with 57kg of rubbish collected.”可知，作者一行人参加首届SpoGomi世界杯是因为他们喜欢这项运动的竞争因素，故选B。]
8．D　[assess评估；protect保护；favor偏爱；motivate激励。根据空前的“We like the ________ element of the sport”和空后的“more by environmental interests”可知，作者一行人喜欢的是该活动的竞争因素，其他人则更多地受到环境利益的激励。故选D。]
9．A　[intense激烈的；fair公平的；smooth顺利的；friendly友好的。根据空前“With 21 nations participating”可知，有21个国家参加，说明竞争非常激烈。故选A。]
10．C　[relax放松；grow增长；ache疼痛；strengthen加强。根据空后“and I felt completely exhausted from the summer heat”可知，夏天的炎热让作者筋疲力尽，肌肉酸痛，故选C。]
11．A　[amazing令人惊叹的；familiar熟悉的；ordinary普通的；complex复杂的。根据上文“My muscles were ______ and I felt completely exhausted from the summer heat”和but表示转折可知，作者一行人感觉置身于奇妙事物边缘。故选A。]
12．C　[train训练；watch观看；push努力争取；wait等待。根据上文“After the first half，we were second.”和下文“In the second half we pulled ahead”可知，作者一行人必须继续努力争取。故选C。]
13．D　[monitor监控；desert遗弃；occupy占领；discover发现。根据空后“an area no one else had been to”可知，作者一行人发现了一个别人没有去过的区域，因此他们收集到更多的垃圾，开始领先。故选D。]
14．D　[guilty内疚的；nervous紧张的；envious羡慕的；aware意识到的。根据上句“Without the competition，I wouldn’t have been someone who would have picked up litter off the street before.”可知，如果没有这次比赛，作者就不会成为在街上捡垃圾的人。这说明现在作者更清楚地意识到了这一点。故选D。]
15．B　[conclude结束；contribute贡献；compete竞争；complain抱怨。根据上文“Without the competition，I wouldn’t have been someone who would have picked up litter off the street before.”和“Once you’re drawn into SpoGomi”可知，如果没有这次比赛，作者就不会成为在街上捡垃圾的人，参加了这次比赛后，作者对垃圾的态度改变了，对如何做出贡献的态度也改变了。故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.are made　2.but/yet　3.caused　4.solution
5．extremely　6.that　7.being sent　8.to reach　9.on
10．a/one

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