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(共15张PPT)
定语从句
定语从句：
项目 具体
定义 用来修饰___________________________的从句。
先行词 _________________________叫先行词。通常位于定语从句__________。
关系词 _________________________叫关系词。既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。
结构 先行词+定语从句（关系词+定语从句剩余部分）
作用 起_________的作用（故也被称为形容词性从句）
分类 限制性定语从句（没有逗号），非限制性定语从句（有逗号）。
名词/代词/名词性短语
被定语从句修饰的词
之前
引导定语从句的词
形容词
The girl is a famous dancer who lives next door.
先行词
关系词
限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别：
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用 修饰限定（只可修饰先行词） 补充说明/修饰限定先行词或主句
形式 无逗号与主句隔开 有逗号与主句隔开
意义 去掉后，句意不完整 去掉后，句意仍完整
关系词 作宾语时可省略(that/which/who/whom) 作宾语时不可省略
可用that 不能用that
可用why 只能用for which ，不能用why
译法 先译定语从句，后译先行词，常译为“...的....” 可译为形容词，也可译为并列句
分类 关系词-9个 先行词 在定从中充当成分 备注
关系代词 (6个) who 人 主、宾、表 　
whom 人 宾 先行词为人，且关系词前有介词时也用whom：
She is the person from whom I learn a lot.
which 物 主、宾、表 　
that 人/物 主、宾、表 　
whose 人/物 定语 （所属关系，译为“......的”） whose + 名词
= the + 名词 + of which/whom
= of which/whom + the + 名词
as 人/物 主、宾、表 固定搭配：
主要用于搭配such、so、the same、as…as…等，修饰先行词
关系副词 （3个） why reason 原因状语 when (=for which）
when 时间名词 时间状语 when (=介+which）
where 地点名词
（具体/抽象地点） 地点状语 where (=介+which）
先行词是case, point , situation , condition, occasion , scene , race , story ,job, activity, work, activity, stage, position, system, site, chapter, sport, game, family, planet, atmosphere, environment, platform, process, context, letter等抽象地点名词，且在句中作状语时
特殊情况 that / in which /省略 way (“以.......的方式”) 　 I like the way ( that / in which ) she smiles.
限制性定语从句-关系词
先行词为名词、代词、名词性短语
occasion作“场合”，常用where引导；作“时刻，机会”，常用when引导
分类 关系词-7个 先行词 在定从中充当成分 备注
关系代词 （5个） who 人 主、表 　
whom 人 宾 先行词为人，且关系词前有介词时也用whom：
She is the person from whom I learn a lot.
which 物/整句/句子的一部分 主、宾、表 只能放主句后　
whose 人/物 定语 （所属关系，译为“......的”） whose + 名词
= the + 名词 + of which/whom
= of which/whom + the + 名词
as 人/物/整个句子 主、宾、表 译为“正如，就像”，可放句子的前中后，固定搭配：
常与know, remember, say, see, hear, think, happen, report, expect, show, imagine, point out, announce等词或这些词的被动语态连用，as is often the case(这是常有的事)
关系副词 （2个） when 时间名词 时间状语 when (=介+which）
where 地点名词
（具体/抽象地点） 地点状语 where (=介+which）
先行词是case, point , situation , condition, occasion , scene , race , story, job, activity, work, activity, stage, position, system, site, chapter, sport, game, family, planet, atmosphere, environment, platform, process, context, letter等抽象地点名词，且在句中作状语时
非限制性定语从句-关系词
先行词为名词、代词、名词性短语和句子
occasion作“场合”，常用where引导；作“时刻，机会”，常用when引导
“非限定”使用说明书
1.从句中所有的关系词都______省略
2.从句不能用___________引导
3.在“非限定”中,指人的关系代词作宾语时，________________,不能用who替换，也不能省略。
4. 从句置于句首时，不能用 _______ 引导；而用 ____引导 (as可放主句前、中，也可放主句后)
不可
that/why
只能用宾格whom
which
as
Conclusion
定语从句-特殊用法
一、只用that, 不用which
先行词是特指时，只用that。
① 先行词为everything, something, anything, nothing, all, much, any, little, few, the one, none等不定代词或先行词被all, any, no, little, few, much等词修饰时，只用that。
Is there anything that I can do for you
② 先行词被绝对形容词（the only, the very, the last等）修饰时，只用that。
This is the very book that I am looking for these days. (这正是我最近几天在找的那本书)
She is the only person that knows the truth.
③ 先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰或先行词本身为序数词或最高级时，只用that。
This is the best hotpot that I have ever had.
不定、序数和最高，有人有物怕重复，只用that不用which，遇事不决选that.
that
定语从句-特殊用法
一、只用that, 不用which
2. 先行词有人也有物时，只用that。
They talked about things and persons that impressed them.
3. 主句是以who/which开头的疑问句时，只用that。
Who is the girl that is singing （正在唱歌的女孩是谁？）。
4. 特定句型。
① 在there be句型，只用that。
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.（角落里有一个座位还是空的）
② 先行词同时在主句中作表语时，优先使用that。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.（上海不再是过去的上海）
that
不定、序数和最高，有人有物怕重复，只用that不用which，遇事不决选that.
定语从句-特殊用法
二、只用which, 不用that
非限制定语从句中，先行词指物/句子，只用which。
The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.（那个铅笔盒，我上周买的，现在不见了）
2. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只用which。
The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.
（我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了）
3. 当先行词为代词that或被that修饰时，只用which。
I don't take that which is too expensive.（我不要太贵的那一个）
4.当先行词为代词those或被those修饰时，只用which 。
Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.
(店主想要保留一些销量最好的商品)
The apples are those which I bought yesterday. (那些苹果是我昨天买的)
which
定语从句-特殊用法
三、that和which交替使用
当句中有≥2个定语从句时，交替使用that和which以避免重复。
He built a factory which produced things that caused pollution.
（他建了一家生产污染物的工厂）
which/that交替
3.再看引导词在从句中充当什么成分
①先从句中缺不缺主要成分（主宾表）
②如不缺①再看缺不缺定语
③以上都不缺，按why-when-where顺序判断缺哪个关系副词
2.先看 先行词
定语从句-解题思维
1.先看有没有逗号
1. The picture always reminds me of the moments (that/which) we spent together in the high school.
2. The thought of going back home was all that kept him happy while he was working abroad.
3. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
4. My grandpa, as is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days.
5. China is the birthplace of kites, from which kite-flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
6. They will run an after-class club where kids can have fun and learn how to protect themselves.
定语从句-练习
7. The good news is that this stormy period when teenagers cannot see eye to eye with parents on anything will not last.
8. This is the very dictionary that is of great help.
9. Who is the man that you were talking to
10. A library is a place where we can borrow books.
11. When travelling, we will enjoy ourselves and learn something from the exploration, which attracts me very much.
12. At night, there is no one in the street to whom you can turn for help.
13. Mensa is a society for bright people, and it aims to create a platform where many thinkers can provide the chance to share their thoughts and ideas.
14. I will never forget the days (that/which) we spent on that beautiful island together.
15. There are species living in the depths of the oceans about which we still know little.
定语从句-练习
16. In a word, books are the source of knowledge, from which we benefit a lot.
17. They are now in a better position where they can be very successful this year.
18. Is this the factory (that/which) many workers are working hard in
19. There are two parks less than 10 minutes’walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play.
20. It is a family of 8 children, all of whom have got PhD in chemistry.
21. Every weekend, hundreds of bookworms crowd around Liyuan Library in Jiaojiehe village, a book sanctuary (圣地) surrounded by chestnut, walnut and peach trees whose branches are used to decorate the building.
22. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material that/which helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.
23. You should make it a rule to leave things at a place where you can find them again.
定语从句-练习
Thank you

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