资源简介

(共18张PPT)
　名词性从句 (Noun clause)
语法复习
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句(subject clause)、宾语从句(object clause)、表语从句(predicative clause)和同位语从句(appositive clause)。
Definition
Many students don’t know what they should do①，but what Xiao Meng wants to do② is earn money.The reason is that she wants to lessen her parents’burden③.It is said that many small companies need graduates to do part-time jobs②.Xiao Meng has applied for two jobs but she is not sure whether she will be employed①.She also wonders when she will be admitted to a college① and which city she will go①.She is anxious for the news that she is admitted to a good university④.
①位于及物动词或形容词之后的从句是宾语从句(object clause)。②谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句(subject clause)。有时该从句可以用it作形式主语。③位于be动词或系动词之后的从句是表语从句(predicative clause)。④位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的从句为同位语从句(appositive clause)。
情境导入: Look through the following sentences and judge what clauses they are.
1.名词性从句的引导词(conjunction)：
引导词 功能
that
whether，if
because，as if/though
whoever，whomever，whatever，whichever
who，whom，
what，which，whose
when,where,how, why
从属连词
subordinating
conjunction
连接
代词
relative pronoun
连接
副词
relative adverb
在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义
在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”
在从句中不作任何成分,分别意为“因为”,“好像”
可作主语、宾语、表语或定语
在从句中作状语
2.Which of the following sentences are right
1).Do you know where will the party be held？
2).Do you know where the party will be held？
3).I often tell others how do I learn English.
4).I often tell others how I learn English.
(×)
(√)
(×)
(√)
Conclusion:名词性从句的语序是 陈述语序
3.名词性从句的时态
(1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)或将来时时， 从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。
1) It annoys me that he broke my favourite vase.
2) I know that he has handed in his homework.
3) I have heard that our teacher will come back tomorrow.
(2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，从句的谓语动词也用某种过去时态。
1). I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed.
2). What he had done made me surprised.
3). My teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
4.what，which，who，whom与whatever，whichever, whoever， whomever 引导名词性从句的区别
(1)what，which，who，whom指代“已知的”或者“特定的”人或事物，通常有明确的范围。whatever，whichever, whoever，whomever指代 “任何”人或物，强调 “无论什么/哪个/谁”，强调任意性,没有明确范围。whatever相当于anything that，whoever相当于anyone who。
1).What he said was true.
2).You can choose whatever you like.
3).Tell me which book you prefer.
4).Whichever team wins, I’ll be happy.
5).Do you know who broke the window
6).Whoever comes late will be punnished.
(指他所说的话）
(不限定范围，任意选择）
(从特定几本书中选择）
(不限定具体队伍）
(指代某个特定的人）
(不限定具体是谁）
anything that
Anyone that
5.同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明。
常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。同位语从句通常用以下连词引导：that, whether, how, when, where, why.
1).At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the universe.
2).The question whether he will come remains unanswered.
3).I have no idea where he went.
6.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句是用于解释说明前面抽象名词的具体内容的，而定语从句是对作先行词的名词或代词的限定、描述或修饰的。that在同位语从句中只是连接主从句，没有任何意义，不在从句中充当句子成分，不可以省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，不但连接主从句，而且指代被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
① The idea that money brings happiness is not always true.
② The idea that he put forward at the meeting is very reasonable.
③ The suggestion that benefited everyone was put forward by Tom.
④ The suggestion that we leave early was accepted.
that引导同位语从句，不能省略
that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略
that引导定语从句,作主语,不可以省略
that引导同位语从句，不可以省略
7.why与because 引导表语从句的区别
1). why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。
① I had a cold.That was why I didn’t attend school.
② I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold.
③ Millions of people from across the country embark on the journey home before
the Spring Festival.That is _______ the Chinese cherish family and the strong
bonds among family members.
④ The Chinese cherish family and the strong bonds among family members.
That is ____ millions of people from across the country embark on the journey
home before the Spring Festival.
2).当句子的主语为the reason时,表语从句用that引导,表示原因,此时不用because。
① The reason why I didn’t attend school was that I had a cold.
② The reason why millions of people...the Spring Festival is that the Chinese
cherish family and the strong bonds among family members.
because
why
名词性从句
从句结构完整
从句结构不完整
①从句意义完整用 that
②从句表 “是否”用 whether/if
③表语从句如果表原因用because,表结果用why;当主语时reason 时，表语从句用that；表语从句表“好像”，用as if/though
④从句意义不完整，用连接副词when, where, how, why做状语
缺主语 ：用连接代词what(ever),which(ever),
who(ever)
缺宾语或表语 ：用连接代词what(ever),which(ever),
who(ever),whom(ever)
缺定语 ：用连接代词whose,which,what
Conclusion: How to choose conjunctions
1.People wonder Qizai is brown，given that his mother is black and white.Scientists guess that it’s due to some genetic mutation(基因突变).
2.Asian elephants are among the most highly protected animals in China and _______drove the elephants to make their long trip is still unknown.
3.They interacted with students from five classrooms across China and showed viewers they live and work inside the space station.
4.The reason why he was late was he was caught in a traffic jam.
5.He expressed his hope he would visit China again.
6.I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to or not the milk was hot.
why
what
how
that
whether
that
Fill in the following blanks using proper conjunctions.
7. __ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
8.By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived.
9.Every year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
10.You have to know __ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
11.She asked me __ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.
What
how
whoever
where
whether/if
一、what引导的名词性从句
1.令我惊讶的是，我爸爸允许我按照我的意愿使用这笔钱。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
你说的话给了我很大的鼓励，激发了我写作的动力。
What you said gave me a great deal of encouragement，which inspired my motivation for writing.
What surprised me was that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished.
What seems like a small act of kindness makes much difference to others.
2.看似小小的善举却能给他人带来巨大的影响。(主语从句)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Translate the following sentences.
二、同位语从句放在开头实力开篇
1. 没有人能否认在线学习正变得越来越流行这一事实。(同位语从句)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我相信这样的活动对于促进跨文化理解和欣赏至关重要，我很高兴有机会分享自己的技能和经验，作为这项努力的一部分。
I hold the belief that such events are crucial for promoting cross-cultural understanding and appreciation，and I am thrilled to have the opportunity to share my own skills and experience as part of this effort.
No one can deny the fact that online learning is becoming more and more popular.
三、表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全
1. 很抱歉，我不能按计划和你出去。原因是我弟弟前几天摔断了腿，我必须照顾他。(表语从句)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我们必须采取措施来保护海洋的原因是它的污染正变得越来越严重。
The reason why we must take measures to protect the ocean is that its pollution is becoming more and more serious.
I’m sorry that I can’t go out with you as planned.The reason is that my younger brother broke his leg the other day and I must look after him.
四. That/This is because/why...
1. 这个展览非常精彩，展示了中国文化的魅力。这就是为什么我想推荐我的同学们也来参加这个艺术展。（表语从句）
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏，那是因为他们缺乏自律。
They’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.That’s because they lack self-discipline.
The exhibition is fantastic and shows the charm of Chinese culture.This is why I would like to recommend my fellow students to attend this art show as well.
I recommend that you (should) choose the Listening and Speaking course，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese，which will benefit you a lot.
五、注意名词性从句与虚拟语气的结合
1. 我建议你选择听说课程，因为这门课程完全是用中文教授的，这会对你有很大的好处。(宾语从句）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
相反，我建议我们应该实行一个让学生能根据自己的语言能力和个人喜好选择自己同伴的制度。
Instead，I suggest that we (should) implement a system where students can choose their own partners based on their language abilities and personal preferences.
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