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(共42张PPT)
Unit 1 To-infinitives
MILK
1. What are they doing in the pictures Where
Lead-in
2. If you have a choice, where would you like to eat
For me, I would like to eat at home.
Review
To save time, most people perfer to eat outside.
Their choices to make about food are different.
Practice
1.The flavour of hot pot is enough _______ (heat) up a cold winter evening.
2.The boy makes the meal in a perfect way _________(relax) himself.
3.This is the first time for me__________(eat)Beijing Duck.
4.They had nothing __________(worry).
5.Practice is the only way___________(cook)delicious food.
6.They hurried to the store,only______________(tell) the food has been sold.
to heat
to relax
to be told
to eat
to worry
to cook
一.Definition
动词不定式 to-infinitive 一词来自拉丁语“infinitivus ”，含义为“unlimited, indefinite”(不受限制，不确定)。它是指动词中不带词形变化从而不指人称，数量，时态的一种形式。
I want to eat an apple.
She wants to eat an apple.
They want to eat apples.
I wanted to eat an apple.
数量
时态
1.The definition of to-infinitive
MILK
人称
二.To-infinitives as subjects
不定式作主语
① To keep smiling is healthy for you.
② It’s important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.
1. 单个不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
若不定式太长, 往往用it作形式主语, 不定式后置。
动词不定式作主语
To help others _____(be) our duty.
To talk with her _____ (be) a great pleasure.
is
is
To-infinitive as subjects 动词不定式作主语
2. 为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式短语置于句末。常见的句型有以下四种：
2) It takes/took sb. ＋ some time ＋ to do sth.
It took me an hour to go to school.
1) It ＋ be ＋ 名词 ＋ to do sth.
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾好老人是我们的责任。
To-infinitive as subjects 动词不定式作主语
4) It’s ＋ adj. ＋ of sb. ＋ to do sth 该句型的形容词多为修饰人，例如: careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, stupid, wise等。
It is very kind of you to help us.
你来帮助我们真是太好了。
= You are kind to help us.
3) It ＋ be ＋ adj. ＋ for sb. to do sth. 该句型的形容词多修饰事物，例 如: difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible等。
It is difficult for us to finish homework in an hour.
我们难以在一小时内完成作业。
①It＋is＋名词/adj＋to do sth
It is important __________ (build) trust between both.
②It takes /took/will take sb＋some time/money＋to do sth
It will take us three hours _________ (walk) there.
③It＋be＋形容词＋for/of sb＋to do sth
It’s very kind of you _______ (tell) us what happened yesterday.(adj修饰人)
It is important for children _______ (tell) right from wrong.(adj修饰事/物）
to build
to walk
to tell
to tell
注意：动词不定式与疑问词 how, what, when, where, which等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。
① How to use the computer is the question．
如何使用计算机是个问题。
② Where to go has not been decided．
去哪儿还没有定下来。
动词 -ing形式更接近于名词，所表示的动作比较抽象，或者是习惯性的；而不定式多表示比较具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。
Painting is his hobby.
绘画是他的爱好。(抽象)
To finish the task will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体)
动词-ing形式和不定式作主语的区别
用动词-ing形式或不定式作主语时，要注意主语和表语的一致。即当表语是动词-ing形式时，主语也要用动词 -ing形式；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。如：
Seeing is believing.
= To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
_________(see)is to believe.
_________(cook) at home is cheap.
It is important _________(study) hard.
It is difficult for women_________(make)a choice.
Complete the sentences.
subject
To see　
To cook　
to study　
to make　
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①It is difficult for us （finish） the composition in a quarter
of an hour.
② （finish） this job in one day is impossible.
to finish　
To finish　
①___________________________seems impossible.
现在好像不可能存钱。
②It's so nice________________________ ．
听到你的声音真高兴。
③It's necessary __________________________ when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
④It was silly__________________________．
我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
⑤____________________ to make a speech here.
能在这儿做演讲是我极大的荣幸。
To save money now
to hear your voice
for you to lock the car
of us to believe him
It is my great honour
Applying the rules
用 it 做形式主语改写下面句子
(1) To speak English well isn't an easy job.
(2) To improve our teaching methods is very important.
(3) To talk with her is a great pleasure.
It isn’t an easy job to speak English.
It is very important to improve our teaching methods.
It is a great pleasure to talk with her.
Practice
三.To-infinitives as predicatives
动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作表语，通常说明主语的具体内容。
其主语通常是 aim, ambition, dream, duty, goal, idea, plan, purpose, task, way ,wish 等表示 意向、打算、计划的词。如：
His ambition is __________ (become) an actor.
Her duty is ___________ (look after) the children.
to become
to look after
To be a doctor is my dream.
To-infinitive as predicatives 动词不定式作表语
（不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换）
My dream is to be a doctor.＝
动词不定式和动名词做表语都是用于表示主语“是什么”,但动词不定式做表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作;动名词做表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
特别注意
The man's job is to paint the walls.
这位男士的工作是粉刷这些墙。
The man's job is painting walls.
这位男士的工作是粉刷墙。
(表示经常性的日常工作)
(表示一次性的、具体的、目前要做的事情)
有些系动词，如 sound、smell、taste、feel、become等，通常不可以接不定式作表语。
F
T
F
特别注意
练习：判断下列句子正误
It smells to be delicious.
The book seems available.
The cake tastes to be yummy.
①My task is __________(show) you around our newly built library.
②Her wish is ______________ (become) an engineer.
③The purpose of education is _______________ (develop) a fine personality in children.
④All that he could do was ______________ (comfort) her.
to show
to become
to develop
(to) comfort
Applying the rules
Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. I was eager to try new restaurants. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. I often ate out until last month, when I came across a cooking app. There are a variety of recipes in the app to choose from. They are uploaded by users, and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step.
在饭点
渴望做
允许某人做
增强
偶然发现
各种各样的
上传
详细的说明
一步步
Most of the recipes include photos or videos, which are very useful for beginners. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. In the last few weeks, I've thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. I hardly eat out any more.
那么
美味的
全身心投入
沸水煮
油煎
牛排
Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want. It's healthier too. No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking!
Now I am good at cooking a couple of dishes. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. I hope that they will like my cooking！
难怪
胜过
几个
新发现的
Find something in common
1. To eat out was a social activity.
2. It was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
3. His plan is to invite his friends over at the weekend.
4. The first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
at mealtimes
be eager to do
eat out
enhance the relationship with
come across
a variety of
detailed instructions
step by step
give ... a try
throw oneself into
no wonder
invite sb. over/round/around
在用餐时间
渴望做，盼望做
在外就餐
增进与...的关系
偶遇
各种各样的
详细说明
逐步地，一步步地
尝试...,试一试
全身心投入
难怪
邀请某人到家中
B1
The next dish to be prepared by the cook is ...
To prepare home-cooked meals is ...
Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
...in the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly.
I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best ...
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.(1) _________ (locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2) _________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal. Since it takes about an hour(3) ________ (turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4) _________ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours.
Located
to see
to turn
to sit
B2
只要……就
害怕
空中自助
风景
海湾
整个的
风景
不可能
对…感到厌倦
赌注；打赌
日落
位于；建立
The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes, (6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7) ________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals (8) __________ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion.
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
B2
气氛
范围从…到……
1. His dream is ______________________________________.
他的梦想时有一天成为一名伟大的足球运动员
2. My wish is ______________________________ like Einstein.
我的愿望就是成为一个像爱因斯坦一样的科学家。
3. Her work is _______ (work) in the nursing home everyday.
4. It is necessary for everyone___________________.
每个人都有必要为未来的生活做计划。
5.It is important for everyone____________________.
学习并掌握一些实用的技能对每个人而言都是很重要的
to make plans for the future.
to work
to be a great football player.
to master some practical skills.
to become a scientist
11. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
12. Your hair needs________ . You’d better have it ________ tomorrow.
A. to be cut; do B. cutting; doing C. to be cut; done D. cutting; to be done
13. ______ in pencil, the letter was difficult________ out.
A. Being written; in making B. Written; to make
C. Having written; to make D. Having been written; making
14. He has no choice but ________ to see him.
A. to go B. go C. going D. goes
15. There was nothing they could do but _______ for a mechanic to arrive.
A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waited
Additional Exercise
二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式补全句子
1. Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary_______________(publish) next year.
2. Frankly speaking, I would rather _______________ (give) up the job than______________ (do) something illegal
3. The thief was seen_______________ (break) into the house, and the people called the police.
4. While many young kids are keen on watching cartoons, little Jack prefer ___________ (collect) coins.
5. Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made_______________ (cry) by his little sister.
to be punished
give
do
to break
to collect
to cry
Additional Exercise
6. Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist _______________ (award) the Nobel Prize.
7. Medical teams are reported _______________ (send) to isolated villages to help people fight against the cold snap in Europe.
8. He was the first_______________ (arrive) at the end of the line.
9. The boss forbids his employees _______________ (use) mobile phones during working hours.
10. That is the only way we can imagine ___________ (reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
to be awarded
to have been sent
to arrive
to use
to reduce
Additional Exercise
11. ______________ (accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.
12. The flu is believed ______________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
13. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________ (breathe).
14. With the work ____________ (finish) in just a few hours, I had no time to argue with them.
15. This kind of laptops电脑 is easy ____________ (operate). No wonder it is popular among middle-aged users.
To be accepted
to be caused
to breathe
to be finished
to operate
Practice 3
单句语法填空
1. (learn) is to be better life.
2. It was kind of you (give) me a helping hand.
3. (climb) up the mountain is easy while to go down the hills is hard.
4. Above all, I have come to understand that
(bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.
5. It took years of work (reduce) the individual pollution and clean the water.
To learn
to give
To climb
bringing
to reduce
6. (complte) the task needs time.
7. It is easy me to learn how to drive.
8. It is very kind the young man to say so.
9. Don’t waste time. It’s no good (try) to persuade him.
10. (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
11. His ambition is (become) an actor.
12. Officials believe that more than one person may be (blame) for the fire.
To complete
of
for
trying
Knowing
to become
to blame
13. The poor girl appeared so (frighten). She must have seen something
(frighten) on her way home.
14. Please remain (seat) until the plane has come to a cpmplete stop.
15. The manager was (delight) to see so many new products developed after great effort.
16. As you can imagine, if your skin gets
(burn), it can be very serious.
frightened
frightening
seated
delighted
burned/buent
17. It was (surprise) that Tom had chosen her as his partner at the party.
18. The way you raised yesterday to solve the problem proved (be) better.
19. It remains (see) whether Jim is fit enough to play in the final.
20. My deskmate showed no anxiety in face of the competition; she seemed (prepare) for it pretty well.
surprising
to be
to be seen
to have prepared
THANK YOU
MILK

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