资源简介

(共33张PPT)
Unit1 Learning About Language
Discover useful structures
非限制性定语从句
Non-restrictive attributive clauses
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
Learning Objectives
At the end of this section, students will be able to:
1. know definition and function of non restrictive relative clauses.
2. distinguish the differences between restrictive relative clauses and non restrictive relative clauses.
3. describe something by using non restrictive relative causes.
The man who is riding a horse is Tang Monk.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
who
关系代词
关系副词
that which who whom whose as
where when why
关系词的作用：
① 引导作用(引导定语从句)
② 替代作用(替代先行词)
③ 在定语从句中担当成分
Revision
定语从句的引导词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语)
that (主语, 宾语)
whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
which (主语, 宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
where (地点状语)，有时可替换：介词+which
when ( 时间状语)，有时可替换：介词+which
why (原因状语)，有时可替换：for which
缺少成分
不缺成分
Revision
1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions.
Lead-in
Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions.
1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
Lead-in
限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别
01
形式不同
限制性定从与其先行词关系密切，无逗号隔开，
非限制性定从与其先行词关系不密切，有逗号隔开。
The number of people who/that own cars is increasing.
I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others.
Differences
02
意义不同
1. I saw the guy who delivers
my mail yesterday.
2. I'll always remember the
river where we learned to
swim.
which guy
which river
1. Paris, where I spent six
months studying, is the most
beautiful city in the world.
2. The woman ,
whose children are the same
age as yours, invited us over
for dinner next week.
从句与先行词关系密切，对先行词的意义起限定作用，不可或缺。若去掉，句子含义不明确
从句对先行词或整个主句起补充说明、解释、评论等作用。若去掉，不影响句子含义
Restrictive relative clause
Non-restrictive relative clause
Differences
03
先行词不同
限制性定从的先行词一般是名词或代词，
非限制性定从的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可是整个句子。
Mexico is a city, which has a lot of attractions.
He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.
Differences
04
含义不同
In the class there are ten students who/that speak English very well.
2. In the class there are ten students, who speak English very well.
翻译：
含义：
翻译：
含义：
这个班有10名英语说得好的。学生
修饰限定，班上不只有10名学生，但只有这10名学生英语说得好。
这个班有10名学生，他们英语说得很好。
补充说明，班上只有10个学生，补充他们的英语说得好。
Differences
涉他性
唯一性
1. My sister who works in Shanghai sends me email almost every day.
2. He is the man whose car was stolen.
3. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
4. They rely on themselves, which is much better.
我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
他们依靠自己，这样好得多。
限制性定从译成先行词的定语：“……的 ”。
非限制性定从通常译成主句的并列句。
Differences
05
翻译不同
判断下列句子正误
A young man had a new girl friend, who he wanted to impress.
whom
1. 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语（指人）时只能用whom。
Wang Fang passed her exam, that surprised me a great deal.
which
2. that不能引导非限制性定从。
This is the girl whom/who I met in the street.
非限制性定语从句在修饰人时用who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格),
Differences
06
引导词不同
I have told them the reason, why I didn’t come to the party.
for which
3. why不能引导非限制性定从，要用for which代替。
The car which/that I bought last year does not work.
4. 限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，可省略。
非限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，不可省略。
。
The car I bought last year does not work.
The car, which I bought last year, does not work.
The car, I bought last year, does not work.
Differences
06
引导词不同
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 与主句之间______逗号隔开 与主句之间______逗号隔开
功能上 对先行词修饰、限制 对先行词补充说明
意义上 去掉后主句句意_______ 去掉后主句句意_______
先行词
含义上
翻译上
引导词
不完整
不用
用
完整
翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前
按句子顺序, 翻译成两个简单句
名词或代词
既可为名词或代词, 也可是整个主句
不能用that/why(for which),
which可以指代一整件事
所有关系词都不可省略
限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别
关系代词作宾语可省略
that/which/who/whom/whose/
when/where/why
涉他性
唯一性
补充1：as和which引导非限制性定从的区别
都可以引导非限制性定语从句，修饰、指代整个主句。
区别：
1. as 译为“正如…一样”；which译为“这”。
2. as 从句可置于主句之前，之中，之后；which从句只能置于主句之后。
3. as的先行词通常为整个主句； which可以是主句中的一部分或是整个主句。
4. 介词可以加which引导从句，as不可。
5. the same…as ，such…as 结构中，as引导限制性定从。
Notice
as常见搭配
as is known to all
as you know
as is expected
as we expected
as has been mentioned above
as is reported / said
as a famous saying goes
as is pointed out
as you can see = as can be seen
as is often the case
众所周知
正如你所知道的那样
正如所预料的那样
正如我们所期待的
正如上面所提到的
正如报道/所说的那样
正如一句谚语所说/俗话说
正如指出的
正如你所看见的
情况通常如此
Notice
as or which
①正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。
She is always working hard，____ everyone can see.
②这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。
The book，______ I bought yesterday, is very instructive.
③她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。
______ everyone can see, she is honest.
= She is honest，_______ everyone can see.
④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
______ we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health.
⑤汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。
Tom suddenly fell ill，_______ made us very sad.
as
which
As
as
As
which
Exercises
补充2：“名词/代词/数词+介词of/+关系的代词(which/whom)”结构
Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
China has 34 provinces, some of which are pretty poor.
tip: 以上结构一般用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Notice
Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. How do the sentences flow differently
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin.
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin.
EXAMPLE
1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there.
Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power.
Step 1 确定主句和从句
Step 2 找到先行词
Step 3 根据先行词和关系代词或关系副词在从句中的功能，确定使用哪个关系代词或关系副词。
Exercises
4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot.
The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot.
3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.
There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control.
Exercises
5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China.
The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China.
6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me.
I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.
Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) was widely considered to be the founder and forerunner of modern China. He was only in power for a short time, when he was president of the countryin 1912. So it may seem odd to some people _______ knowledge of China may be limited that he is such an important figure. However, his influence is not based on his time in office, but on his continuous struggle for a better society and his concern for all Chinese people. He also put forward many advanced ideas______ brought the Chinese people together, in particular, the Three Principles of the People.
whose
which
Read the passage, and then fill in the blanks with relative pronouns or adverbs.
These principles were inspired by Lincoln, _________ he admired, and were developed when he was travelling overseas, ______ he went to find support for his country. The first principle is about nationalism, _______ indicates that China should never be divided and should not be under any foreign control. The second is about people's rights. lt means that all people have great value and should also have the same rights. The third is about people's livelihood, _______ means that the government should create opportunities for people to make a good living.
who/whom
where
which
which
Choose the words in the box to complete the sentences.
who whom which whose when where in / of / for which of whom
1
which
whom/who
when
whose
in which
of whom
of which
in which
where
where
1 Some people always talk loudly in public, ________ is really annoying.
2 Professor Lu, _______ you spoke to, specialises in constitutional law.
3 Please come back at four o’clock, ________ your herbal medicine will be ready.
4 What do you want to write about these people, ________ stories I have just told you
5 Have you been to the Louvre Museum, ________ you can see the Mona Lisa on display
6 There are 45 students in our class, out ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course.
7 Her mother works in a company, ________ employees are all women.
8 It is vital to learn to use these software programmes, both ________ can help you with
collection and evaluation.
Exercises
P. 62
2 Decide whether the sentences are right or wrong. Correct them where necessary.
2
1 Please write down these phrases, all of them will be useful in your writing.
2 As a consequence of sending in his application late, he did not get a patent for his invention,
that was not surprising at all.
3 The researchers are evaluating thousands of plants, which have distinct medical properties.
4 The gentle old man is the only person, whom I can trust.
5 Have you done all what you can to help the people in need
6 Is this the botanical institute where you visited last week
∧
and
(构成并列句)
which
(构成主从复合句)
which
(非限定性从句不能用that引导)
√
that
(去掉逗号，是限定性定语从句)
that
(what引导的是名词性从句，特指某一整体事物，不能加all)
that / which
(引导词作visited的宾语，不能用副词)
(若这样的植物只有成千上万种则用非限定性从句，若不止成千上万种，则用限定性从句)
Exercises
Homework(workbook P62)
Write a new sentence with the given information.
Song Qingling
1. Dr Sun Yat-sen's wife;
2. one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history;
3.devoted her life to improving the welfare of women and children.
Song Qingling, who was Dr Sun Yat-sen's wife and one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history, devoted her life to improving the welfare of women and children.
Exercises
Write a new sentence with the given information.
Huang Wenxiu, who was a village official, worked on the frontlines of the fight against poverty to help villagers to increase their incomes. She died at the age of 30 in an accident.
Exercises
Write a new sentence with the given information.
Norman Bethune, who came to China in World War II, worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese people.
Exercises
Write a new sentence with the given information.
Lu Xun was a leading figure of modern Chinese literature. Lu Xun Literary Prize, which is one of China's top four literary prizes, is awarded every three years.
Exercises
Write a new sentence with the given information.
Joan of Arc, who was dressed as a man, went to fight for her country and helped drive the English invaders out of France.
Exercises
1. The famous basketball star, _____ is an American, came to China yesterday.
2. They are always smoking, ______, of course, will do harm to their health.
3. I bought a car yesterday, ______ cost me a lot.
4. Xi'an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won't be so busy.
6. The school, ______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
7. The number of smokers, ______is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
which
which
who
Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.
which
where
when
as
Exercises
8. It is a truly delightful place, ________attracts lots of vistiors for its winding streets and pretty cottages.
9. Creating an atmosphere in ________employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
10. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of________were published in the 1990s.
11.The books on the desk,________ covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
which
which
which
whose
12. The children, _________ wanted to have a journey, were disappointed when the journey was cancelled.
who
Exercises
13. The news that they will get married,_______ has not been announced, has spread around.
14. We’ll graduate in July,_______ we will be free to go anywhere.
which
when
15. Mr King, ________ legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.
16. We will put off the outing until next Sunday, _______________we won't be so busy.
17. Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, _____________
they had a good time.
18. He has been busy with his work the whole holiday,______has made his girlfriend unhappy.
whose
when/on which
where/in which
which
Exercises
thank you!

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