资源简介

(共115张PPT)
Period 2 : Learning about Language
Review useful structures
Unit 1 ：Science Fiction
Review the Passive Vioce
learning objectives:
1. learn the form and the function of the passive voice
2. apply the passive voice into the erexcises
3. improve the ability of doing exercises.
被动语态思维导图
[知识精要]
目录
Contents
lead in
01
The monster caught our master.
妖怪抓走了我们的师傅。
Our master was caught by the monster.我们的师父被妖怪抓走了。
What kind of voices they are Active voice(主动语态) or Passive voice（被动语态）
The monkey beats BaJie.
悟空打了八戒。
BaJie is beaten by the monkey.
八戒被悟空打了。
指出句中的主谓宾语。
We kept food in the fridge.
We must close the windows and the door.
S
V.
O.
S
V.
O.
Food was kept (by us) in the fridge.
The windows and the door must be closed.
语态用来表示主语与谓语之间的关系。
在主动语态中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即主语是动作的执行者；而在被动语态中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即主语是动作的承受者。
What is passive voice
被动语态概念
02
被动语态的概念
一、什么是语态？
语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明___________和___________之间的关系。
二、语态的种类：______________和_________________
三、被动语态的形式：____________________________
You hit me.
I was hit/beaten.
主语
谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
be done(动词的过去分词)
Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. (para 1)
… but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. (para 2)
Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing. (para 3)
… she was being offered sympathy by a robot, … (para 4)
As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, … (para 6)
So she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. (para 6)
How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. (para 6)
… , which was being completely transformed, would be ready. (para 7)
被动语态用法：使用情况
02
用法：在下面几种情况一般使用被动语态
1. 不知道或不必提及动作的执行者
这类被动句的特点是，不用by引出动作的执行者。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。
2.强调动作的承受者时
强调动作的承受者，把承受者作为谈话的中心时，用被动语态。这类被动句可以用by引出动作的执行者，也可以不用。
Many buildings were destroyed in the big fire.
许多楼房在大火中被烧毁了。
3.出于礼貌或某种原因,避免说出动作的执行者时
You will be contacted. 我们会和你联系的。
4.公告、通知、新闻报道、报纸标题、科技文章中
Rubbish is strictly prohibited here. 此处严禁倒垃圾。(公告)
How to use passive voice correctly
04
不同时态的被动语态
The street is cleaned (clean) by the dustmen every morning.
These book were written (write) in 1969.
Some pine trees will be planted (plant) in the park tomorrow.
A new bridge is being built (（build) over the river now.
All the letters have been posted(post) so far.
2. 一般过去时:
1. 一般现在时: am / is / are + done
3. 一般将来时:
4. 现在进行时:
Structures of passive voice
5. 现在完成时:
was / were + done
will be + done
am / is / are being + done
have / has been + done
The roads were being widened (widen) last week at this time.
She had said that the bridge had been washed (wash) away by the flood.
The baby must be looked (look) after well.
6. 过去进行时:
7. 过去完成时:
8. 含有情态动词:
was /were being + done
had been + done
must/can/may…+be done
Structures of passive voice
时 态 主动语态 被动语态
1 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are am/is/are+done
2 一般过去时 did/ was/were was/were+done
3 一般将来时 will+V原 will+be+done
4 过去将来时 would+V原 would+be+done
5 现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done
6 过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were being done
7 现在完成时　 have/has+done have/has been done
8 过去完成时 had+done had+been+done
9 含情态动词 情态动词+V原 情态动词+be+done
不同时态下的被动语态
现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：
时态 被动语态的构成
一般式 一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
进行式 现在进行时
过去进行时
完成式 现在完成时
过去完成时
am/is/are told
was/were told
will be told
should/would be told
am/is/are being told
was/were being told
have/has been told
had been told
各个时态的被动语态构成：
Structures of passive voice
一般时 进行时 完成时
现在时
过去时
将来时
am / is / are done
am / is / are being done
was / were done
shall / will be done
was / were being done
had been done
shall / will
have been done
has / have been done
Summarize the structuress of the passive voice
Tips
判断主语是动作执行者还是动作承受者；
判断语句中的时态(tense)；
注意过去分词拼写正确；
注意主谓一致（判断主语的单复数）。
　用所给动词的适当形式填空P10
①The Xi’an City Wall 　was built　 （build） originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
②It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared， and a BMI of between 19 and 25 　is considered　 （consider） healthy.
③Everyone’s pay 　will be increased　 （increase） next year by 5%.
④It is the first time that the actress’s performance 　has been recognised　 （recognise） by the director.
⑤I have to go to work by taxi because my car 　is being repaired　 （repair） at the garage.
was built　
is considered　
will be increased　
has been recognised　
is being repaired　
Practice
The street is cleaned by the dustmen every morning.
These book were written in 1969.
Some pine trees will be planted in the park tomorrow.
A new bridge is being built over the river now.
All the letters have been posted.
The roads were being widened last week.
She had said that the bridge had been washed away by the flood.
The baby must be looked after well.
1. That play_______________ (put) on again sometime next month.
2. The book ________________ (print) now and will come out soon.
3. Planes, cars and trains _____________ (use ) by business
people for travelling.
4. A beautiful horse ______________(draw) by John the other day.
5. The old man is ill. He _________________(must send)to hospital at once.
用所给动词的正确时态和语态完成句子
will be put
are used
was drawn
is being printed
must be sent
6. He said the work ________________(finish) in a week.
7. The Children’s Palace ____________________(build) last month. I’m not sure if it is completed.
8. She looked at the lanterns that ___________________(light) by her father.
9. The drawing _______________________(complete) by the end of
this week.
would be finished
was being built
had been lighted
will have been completed
05
主动语态变被动语态的特殊变化
2. 特殊结构的被动形式
(1) 双宾动词的被动结构
双宾动词变为被动结构时，一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，直接宾语不变。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。
eg He gave her some money.
She was given some money.
Some money was given to her.
(2) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。
eg His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
2. 特殊结构的被动形式
(1) 双宾动词的被动结构
双宾动词变为被动结构时，一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，直接宾语不变。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。
eg He gave her some money.
She was given some money.
Some money was given to her.
(2) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。
eg His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
(3) 带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
eg The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.
In our school, library books must be returned in two weeks.
(4)“be+过去分词+不定式”的被动结构
eg He is reported to have broken a world record.
She is said to know three languages.
(5) “it + be +过去分词+从句”式的被动结构
eg It’s said that she has some supernatural powers.
It’s reported that they have discovered a new star.
常见的结构还有：
It is known that... 众所周知
It is suggested that... 有人建议
It is believed that... 人们相信
(6) “get+ done”构成被动语态
用来表示状态或情况, 常考的形式如：
get married 结婚
get engaged 订婚
get hurt/wounded 受伤
get lost 迷路
get drunk 喝醉了
get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
get dressed 穿好衣服
get run over 被(车)轧
(1) 接双宾语的动词变被动结构
主动语态： + +
被动语态：①一般将间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 直接宾语不变。
② 将直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。
e.g. He gave her some money.
She was given some money. (间接宾语变为主语)
Some money was given to her. (直接宾语变主语)
动词
间接宾语（人）
直接宾语( 物)
特殊结构的被动形式
②My uncle gave me a present the other day.P11
→ 　A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.　
→ 　I was given a present the other day by my uncle.　
A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.　
I was given a present the other day by my uncle.　
练习：
(2)有一类接宾语从句的动词，如say ,expect, report, think, believe, suppose, consider, know, 其被动语态有两种变法:
①it is done+that从句 ②sth/sb is done to do
e.g. People say that he has broken a world record.
It is said that he has broken a world record.
He is said to have broken a world record.
练习： We expect that our team will win the game.
It is expected that our team will win the game.
Our team is expected to win the game.
“it + be +过去分词+从句”式的被动结构
e.g. It’s said that she has some supernatural powers.
It’s reported that they have discovered a new star.
常见的结构还有：
It is known that... 众所周知
It is suggested that... 有人建议
It is believed that... 人们相信
(3) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。
eg His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
(注）： 在“make/see/hear/watch/notice + sb + do”结构中，后面的宾补do为省略to 的不定式，变被动语态时，省略的to要还原。
eg: They made him go there alone.
He was made to go there alone.
　①We saw a stranger enter the building just now.P11
→ 　A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.　
A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.　
③The bad weather made me decide to stay here for another day.
→ 　I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather.　
I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather.　
练习：
(4) “动词+介词/副词”构成的动词短语结构（如look after, put on, pay attention to）也可以变被动语态，此时该结构可视为“及物动词”不可分割，即他们原来所带的介词或副词必须保留。
eg: She often looks after the elderly.
The elderly are often looked after by her.
练习：
④My uncle took good care of me when I was young.P11
→ 　I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.　
I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.　
(5) 带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
e.g. The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.
In our school, library books must be returned in two weeks.
The highway should be extended by 200 km to that town.
(6) “get+done”构成被动语态
用来表示状态或情况, 常考的形式如：
get married 结婚
get engaged 订婚
get hurt/wounded 受伤
get lost 迷路
get drunk 喝醉了
get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
get dressed 穿好衣服
get run over 被(车)轧
06
主动形式表被动意义
主动形式表示被动意义
(1) 有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义。
a. 某些连系动词，如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等。
eg The food tasted better than it looked.
b. 某些与can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open等。
eg It can’t move.
The door won’t shut.
c. 某些可与well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如read, write, wash 等。
eg My new pen writes well.
The cloth doesn’t wash easily.
(2) 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义
a. 在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
eg The question is difficult to answer.
Volleyball is very interesting to watch.
b. 在be worth doing 和be to blame 结构中，动词-ing 形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
eg The film is well worth seeing.
The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
c. 当want, need, require 表示“需要”时，其宾语可用动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
eg The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned).
Most house plants require watering (= to be watered).
1) 有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义。
①. 某些连系动词，如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等后跟形容词或名词，构成系表结构，没有被动。
e.g. The food tasted better than it looked.
②. 某些与can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open等。
e.g. It can't move.
The door won't shut.
主动形式表示被动意义
③. 某些动词如read, write, wash, sell, drive, eat, shut等被用做不及物动词来描述主语特征时，用主动表被动，主语通常是物。常与well, easily， badly等副词连用的不及物动词，
e.g. My new pen writes well.
The cloth doesn’t wash easily.
This kind of book sells well.
2) 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义
①. 在“主+be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
e.g. The question is difficult to answer.
练习：这个问题很容易解决。
The problem is easy to work out.
②. 在be worth doing 结构中，动词-ing 形式用主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. The match is well worth watching.
③. 当want, need, require 表示“需要”时，其宾语可用动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. The carpet really wants cleaning (= wants to be cleaned).
Most house plants require watering (= require to be watered).
③当need ,want,require,（需要）；
deserve（值得）等词后用动名词的
主动形式表示被动含义，也可用不定式的被动形式。
The matter needs looking into.
→The matter needs ________________.
need/require/ deserve/want doing
= need/require/ deserve/want to be done
to be looked into
特殊情况：
有些介词短语作表语,其主动形式含有被动意义,有时介词短语“be+in/on/under+名词”含被动意义，可用来代替现在进行时的被动语态。
1. The computer is in use (=is being used)now.
2. These high-tech products are on display
(= are being displayed)these days.
3. The highway is under construction
(=is being constructed).
4. The suggestion is under discussion
(=is being discussed)at the meeting.
主动形式表示被动意义的结构
(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词
The sign reads as follows.告示如下。
The shirt doesn’t wash well.这件衬衫不好洗。
Her new book is very interesting and sells well.她的新书很有趣很畅销。
常见的有：，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
Junk food___________( taste) delicious but it doesn’t contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
Your idea _________(sound) wonderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。
tastes
sounds
(2)系动词如look, seem, appear, feel, taste, smell, sound, remain, stay,
continue, become, grow, get, come, go等后接形容词作表语。
B
No matter what he did to the door，it _______open.
A. didn’t B. wasn’t C. wouldn’t D. hadn’t
不论他怎么对付这个门，它就是打不开。
(3)open，close，lock，move，keep等动词常与won’t，can’t，wouldn’t 连用。
B
The policy is partly ___________(blame)for causing the worst unemployment
in Europe.
(5)在 be to blame 结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
(4)当 want, need, require, deserve 表示“需要”或“值得”时，在或worth等形容词的后面其宾语可用动词 -ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
The carpet really wants_______________(clean)
The film is well worth____________(see).
cleaning /to be cleaned.
seeing
to blame
(6)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中
例：The question is difficult to answer.
The problem is difficult to work______
在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等
out.
The patient got ________(treat) once a week.
那位病人一周接受一次治疗
过马路时要小心，否则你可能会被汽车撞到。
Be careful when you cross the road, or you may get hit by a car.
“get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
treated
主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况：
(1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，seem，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The idea sounds great.
这个主意听起来棒极了。
The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious.
他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。
(2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.
这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。
(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
His hair needs cutting.
→His hair needs to be cut.
他的头发需要剪了。
(4)be worth doing=be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。
The novel is worth reading again.
→The novel is worthy to be read again.
这部小说值得再读一次。
　用所给动词的适当形式填空P11
①His books 　sell　 （sell） well， so they will be sold out soon.
②This cheese 　doesn’t cut　 （not cut） easily.It’s too soft.
③These small trees need 　taking/to be taken　 （take） good care of.
sell　
doesn’t cut　
taking/to be taken　
不定式的被动
07
不定式用主动表被动的几种特殊形式
①不定式to let(出租)、 to blame（受责备）用作表语时
The house is to let.此屋出租。
Nobody was to blame for the accident.
这次事故，不能责怪任何人。
②在“too ... to ...”和enough to结构中
The box was too heavy to lift.
箱子太重，提不起来。
Is the river deep enough to swim in
这条河里的水深足够游泳吗？
在“be+形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义
The passive voice--special usage
These classic works may be difficult _______________ (understand).
to understand
常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
The passive voice--special usage
The question is too difficult for us ___________ (answer).
The article is too long for the students _______________ (translate).
to answer
to translate
The box is too heavy for the little boy __________ (carry).
to carry
在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
The passive voice--special usage
There is a lot of homework for us ______ (do) tonight.
There are some books on the desk _________ (lend) to the students.
to do
There are still many problems _____________ (solve) to improve the living environment.
to be lent
to be solved
在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常用来表被动；如：rent, blame, let等。
The passive voice--special usage
The policy is partly _________ (blame) for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
to blame
Who is to blame for your ignorance when you are old
动词不定式的被动语态
1.I am very happy to be thus praised.
受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。
The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library.
这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。
The room seems to have been broken into.
似乎有人闯进过这个房间。
I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University.
我很自豪已被北京大学录取。
总
结
<<<
动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。
动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况
(1)sb have sth to do/There be sth to do 句型中
Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare.
会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。
There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad.
每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。
(2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb/sth be＋adj.＋to do)
Our headmaster looks hard to get close to，but in fact he is easy to get along with.
我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。
(3)“疑问词＋to do”结构
With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first.
手上有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。
08
不能用被动的情况
①不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。常见的有happen, last, rise, occur, break out, take place, come true, consist of, lose heart, belong to等短语动词。
eg: The war broke out in 1941.
The sports meeting will take place next Monday.
②系动词也不能用于被动语态，常见的有look, seem, appear, feel, taste, remain, stay, become, grow, go等
eg: This kind of materail feels smooth.
不能用于被动语态的情况
2.不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed.
昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。
上周那个地区发生了一场大火。
A big fire broke out in the area last week.
常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。
3.某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态
狮子和老虎属于猫科。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
常见的有： have有；cost花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成；take part in参加。
1. 某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态： have有；cost花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由…组成；take part in参加。
I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop，which cost 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书，花了15元。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.狮子和老虎属于猫科。
2. 不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。
An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed.昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。
A big fire broke out in the area last week.上周那个地区发生了一场大火。
不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed.
昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。
上周那个地区发生了一场大火。
A big fire broke out in the area last week.
常见的有：
happen/take place/occur发生； remain剩下；
break out爆发； last持续；
come up被提出； lose heart失去信心；
run out用完 come out出
某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态
狮子和老虎属于猫科。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
常见的有：
have有； cost花费； lack 缺少；
suit 适合； belong to 属于； suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；
consist of 由……组成； take part in参加
【即学即用】
The way we read need ______________ (change).
Many classic works are worth ______________ (read).
These classic works may be difficult ______________ (understand).
These classic works may even be too expensive for us ______________ (buy).
But there is no time ______________ (lose).
Who is ______________ (blame) for your ignorance when you are old
to buy
reading
to understand
changing
to lose
to blame
This list of factors needs ____________________ (adapt) depending on the decision you’re making.
If a thing is worthy of ___________ (do), it is worth
_______ (do) well.
This book ________ (read) more easily than the others, so it ______ (sell)well.
My sister bought a kind of cloth. This kind of cloth _______ (feel) very soft.
reads
sells
feels
adapting / to be adapted
being done
doing
They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents.
With a lot of problems _________ (solve), the newly- elected president will have a hard time.
We have four reading passages ___________ (complete) in the coming holiday.
My legs just weren’t made__________ (run) like his.
When I passed by, a man ___________ (see) enter the office.
to care
to solve
to complete
to run
was seen to
Actually, the garden, as well as the trees around it, _____________ (belong) to a man living across the street.
In the past few years, great changes____________ (take) place in my hometown.
Our class __________ ( consist) of 23 girls and 29 boys.
I think it is your husband who is ___________ (blame) for the spoiled child.
It __________ (prove) that the method is safe and reliable by practice.
belongs
have taken
to blame
consists
proves
09
被动语态VS系表结构
注意区别被动语态与系表结构：
被动语态强调动作，主语是该动作的承受者；
系表结构强调状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。
① The long novel was written by Mr. Lu Xun in the 1920s.
② The long novel is well written, isn’t it
③ The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.
④ Look, the glass is broken! Who broke it
被动语态
被动语态
系表结构
系表结构
被动语态和过去分词作表语
1.意义差别
The window is broken.
窗子破了。
The window is broken by him.
窗子被他打破了。
被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。
2.用法差别
He was very interested in science.(系表结构)
他对科学非常有兴趣。
I was so much surprised by the scene that I didn’t know what to do.(被动语态)
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。
过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰；而被动语态不能用so，very，too修饰，需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。
练习
10
选用括号内合适的内容完成下面句子或对话。
1. Letters ________________ (are sent, will be sent) by the postman at 8 every day.
2. This bag ________________ (was found, found) on the bus yesterday.
3. The dress ________________ (doesn’t wash, can’t be washed) in hot water.
4. This tower __________________ (has not been rebuilt, has not rebuilt) since the 1930’s.
are sent
was found
can’t be washed
has not been rebuilt
5. The machine ________________ (was being tested, tested) just when the manager came.
6. The new plan ________________ (will announce, will be announced) in two days.
7. Look! Your car ________________ (is being lifted, is lifting) off the ground.
was being tested
will be announced
is being lifted
8. When I stopped, my car ________________ (hit, was hit) from behind.
9. —What were we doing at 11 o’clock
—We ____________________ (were being interviewed, were interviewing) by a reporter.
was hit
were being interviewed
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1) The West Lake in Hangzhou ___________(visit) by lots of visitors every year.
2) Visitors ____________(request) not to take photos of the works in the museum, but some people won’t listen.
3) The organisation ____________(found) in 1968 and one of its goals is to protect wild animals.
4) In the last experiment, 200 university students ____________(ask) to spend 24 hours without social media.
5) It’s said that a long bridge ___________(build) over the river next year.
is visited
are requested
was founded
were asked
will be built
6) A large number of paintings from Europe _______________(exhibit) for the first time in the National Museum at present.
7) Up to now, a big sum of money _______________ (raise) for those patients.
8) His country _______________(invite) to take part in the event, so he, as well as other athletes, was chosen to get training.
9) A lot of things _____________(do) by people to save the little girl now.
10) The award ______________(give) to the winners of the contest tomorrow morning.
are being exhibited
has been raised
had been invited
are being done
will be given
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
2.The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
3.The median(中间值的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and (expect) to increase to 42 by 2050.
4.They are living with their parents because their own house ___________
(decorate).
was built
达标检测
felt
is expected
is being
decorated
5.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations ___________________
(employ) only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
6.Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth (praise).
7.Jones got the idea after he had talked with a saleswoman who ________
(cheat) of her money.
have been employed
praising
had been
cheated
8.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area (run) out.We must take action immediately.
9.After he took over the company，he decided to have more workers for the project so that it won’t (delay).
10.In her speech，the chairwoman stresses that no problem here is difficult (work) out，if we think carefully enough.
are running
be delayed
to work
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them __________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. (2023年全国卷I)
2. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. (2023年全国甲卷)
3. Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023年全国甲卷)
to be lifted
be employed
was amazed
4. The GPNP ___________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022年全国卷I)
5. The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city during the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. (2021 年全国甲卷)
6. The little home ____________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. (2021年6月浙江卷)
is designed
was built
was painted
7. The parts of a museum open to the public __________ (call) galleries or rooms. (2020年全国卷I)
8. Readers ______________ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. (2020年全国卷II)
9. Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it mean we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______________ (construct)”. (2020年新高考全国卷I)
are called
are encouraged
is constructed
高考链接
The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. (2020 全国III卷)
And, as more children were born, more food ___________ (need). (2020 浙江)
My washing machine _________________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018 天津)
A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018 北京)
be chosen
was needed
is being repaired
had been trapped
（2022·全国I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”
句意：在三年的试验期后，GPNP将在明年被正式建立起来。GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，维护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故design应用一般现在时的被动语态结构，主语为单数形式，谓语也要用第三人称单数形式。故填is designed。
is designed
（2017·天津）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
（2023·天津）The wooden tower that ________________ (restore) will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished.
（2021·天津）Currently, about 35,000 works _______________ (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
（2021全国甲卷）It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
is regarded
is being restored
are being displayed
was built
along with连接的三个动名词做主语，谓语动词就远原则
It so happened that my mobile phone (repair) when you called me yesterday.
We went to the supermarket to do some shopping. only to be told that it __________________ (decorate).
Look! The police (search) the woods now and surely the thief (catch) very soon.
A fund (set up) for homeless children in three days.
The sports meeting that the students are looking forward to __________________________ (hold) the day after tomorrow.
was being repaired
are searching
will be caught
will be set up
will be held/is going to be held
was being decorated
（2020·全国III卷）The artist was sure he would __________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
In the past twenty years, a lot of ancient buildings ___________________ (destroy).
Up till now, no news _____________ (hear) of the missing people in the flood.
So far, all the homeless people _____________ (give) food and shelter.
be chosen
have been destroyed
has been heard
have been given
More than 5,000 used bikes (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.
This song ________________ (teach) on the radio many times, so now I can sing it very well.
In the last few years, a lot of teaching equipment __________________ (produce) in the factory.
have been collected
has been taught
has been produced
More than 5,000 used bikes (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.
This song ________________ (teach) on the radio many times, so now I can sing it very well.
In the last few years, a lot of teaching equipment __________________ (produce) in the factory.
have been collected
has been taught
has been produced
I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.
John had to let his car repaired in a garage because it __________________ (damage) seriously.
When they came out of the mall, they discovered that their new car ________________ (steal).
（2021·天津）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he _______________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
had been carried
had been damaged
had been stolen
had been offered
Over 2,000 words ________________ (learn) by the students by the end of last term.
had been learned
Two reports _______________ (write) by Henry before he left the office.
had been written
过去完成时常和以下时间短语连用：
by/before/by the end of + 过去时间
…earlier/before (多少时间前)
long before (很久以前; 老早; 早就)
一个句子有两个过去动作时, 先发生的动作用过去完成时, 后发生的动作用一般过去时。
It is the first time that I (invite) to attend such a meeting.
It was the first time that my daughter _____________ (ask) to sing in public and she was a bit nervous.
had been invited
had been asked
固定句型。“这是某人第…次做某事”
It is the first/second time that sb has/have done sth.
It was the first/second time that sb had done sth.
efficient measures must __________ (take) to protect the wild animals from being killed illegally.
It is strongly recommended that the date __________________ (advance) by two days.
The committee urged that a meeting________________ (hold)by the weekend to discuss the problem.
(should) be advanced
(should) be held
be taken
Homework
Finish the exercises on p5 in the book
1 What is done cannot _________. (undo)
2 Janet ___________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add)
2 Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
undone
was elected
木已成舟。
珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
be added
蛋糕里需要加入两百克面粉。
4 A 3,000-seat venue ___________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
5 Working efficiency __________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage __________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
has been improved
is allowed
自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。
经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
will be built
一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月/将在十一月建成。
7 It is a great honour for me to __________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary ___________________ at the meeting. (discuss)
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Exanimation. He is expected to ____________ to a top university. (admit)
be invited
我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。
was being discussed
我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
be admitted
使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分(总分650)。他有望被一所名校录取。
3 Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect
Science fiction ___________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ____________________. The Three-Body Problem, ________ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book ____________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye ____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which _______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _______________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ___________ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to ________________ when you go on reading.
is regarded
explored/ represented
written
was translated
represents
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
be discovered
Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, ______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, Al, and the future of humans.
Para 1
is regarded
explored / represented
written
was translated
represents
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and WangMiao. Ye _____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ___________ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to _______________ when you go on reading.
Para 2
be discovered
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
Thank you !

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