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广东省深圳市红山中学2024-2025学年高三上学期二模考试英语试题
一、阅读理解A
（2024·深圳模拟）Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in small amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you.
·Curry leaves The curry tree is native to India and Sri Lanka The leaves are dark green and shiny, releasing a pleasant nut- like scent when they are fried in oil. They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines.
·Shiso Shiso is a Japanese herb with a unique flavor, whose green leaves are often used as a garnish（装饰） for traditional Japanese dishes. Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir- fries.
·Basil Basil has shiny, deep green, pointed leaves and a sweet- and- savory flavor, which is used in both fresh and dried forms to flavor dishes ranging from Italian sauces to meat dishes to Asian curries. When cooking, add it towards the end to maintain flavor.
·Mint Mint has a delicately sweet flavor and creates a distinct cooling feeling due to the menthol（薄荷醇） in the herb. Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir- fries While dried mint is used in tea making, fresh mint is the preferred form of the herb for cooking.
1．Which of the following statement about Curry leaves is true
A．They are only native to Sri Lanka.
B．They enjoy great popularity among Westerners.
C．They smell pleasant, like fried nuts.
D．They play an important role in South Indian cuisine.
2．Which herbs can be used both in tea drinks and stir- fries
A．Mint and Basil. B．Basil and Shiso.
C．Curry leaves and Basil. D．Mint and Shiso.
3．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A biology textbook. B．An academic paper.
C．A botanical magazine. D．A commercial poster.
二、阅读理解B
（2024·深圳模拟）For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished (贫困的) areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn't possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation.
Growing up in USA, Felipe Rossi had just obtained the Bachelor of Medicine Degree and was about to start a master's degree in Pediatric Dentistry (儿童口腔学) when a journey to his father's home — Balsabo in Brazil — converted his initial plan. "All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."
With the support of his parents, Felipe formed an NGO (non-government organization) called Porsorriso to give free oral treatments to individuals with low incomes who require cleaning. fillings, crowns, restoration work and more. His team is composed of approximately 30 registered volunteers who go with him to poor towns and villages in Brazil.
Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity' program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.
As noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is "struggling to survive" because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. "Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face". Felipe said with a strong will.
4．How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A．By posing a contrast. B．By reporting an event.
C．By assuming a situation. D．By making an appeal.
5．What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatments to Brazilians
A．The support from his parents.
B．The passion for dental health.
C．The encounter with local s lacking dental care.
D．The professional skills and knowledge from college.
6．Which of the following can best describe Felipe Rossi
A．Hopeful and diligent. B．Faithful and ambitious.
C．Intelligent and creative. D．Charitable and dedicated.
7．What do we know about Porsorriso
A．It gives free oral treatments to anyone in need.
B．It is cooperated by Felipe Rossi and the local authority.
C．It is financially supported by corporations and individuals.
D．It holds regular fundraisers to educate people about dental care.
三、阅读理解C
（2024·深圳模拟）Lord Norman Foster, renowned as one of the world's foremost architects, has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings. "What we've done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs," Foster said. "It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in." His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong. Now, he's set his sights on Qatar.
Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster's Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar's tallest buildings. Lusail Towers are intended to serve as a center for Oatar's financial institutions, with four distinctive blocks, two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories.
But the construction itself wasn't all plain sailing. To address the unique challenges presented by Oatar's hot climate, Foster's team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries—— part of what Foster called a decades- long quest to "reinvent the tall building." The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers' surfaces are coated with "marine- grade" aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central to the project are special shading fins (鳍), which not only optimize views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all- glass towers.
While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city's skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a "low- scale master plan." They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.
8．According to Foster's concept, what should tall buildings be like
A．Creative. B．Identical. C．Fashionable. D．Practical.
9．What can we learn about the Lusail Towers
A．They will function as a global financial center.
B．They are expected to be Qartar's tallest building.
C．They are Foster's most renowned iconic masterpiece.
D．They have four blocks with the same style and height.
10．What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar's hot climate
A．Replacing the glass with "marine-grade" aluminum.
B．Coating the tower with an unconventional material.
C．Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins.
D．Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation.
11．What's the goal of "low- scale master plan"
A．To link the waterfront to the football stadium.
B．To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens.
C．To offer a dynamic public space for the future.
D．To connect a subway and a commercial avenue.
四、阅读理解D
（2024·深圳模拟）The development of bigger brains has long been considered a characteristic of our species' increased intelligence and subsequent dominance (主宰) on this planet. The last two million years of our evolution were marked by a nearly fourfold (四倍的) increase in brain volume. But a growing body of evidence suggests our brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They diminished in size sometime following the end of the last Ice Age.
The precise timing of that post-Ice Age brain shrink has remained a mystery until now. A group of researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture of fossil and modern sample data to confirm that this loss of gray matter happened between 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, according to research published in June in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. DeSilva's group calculated that human brains had remained roughly the same size in average volume, about 1,450 cubic centimeters, for roughly the past 150,000 years. That average rapidly dropped by around 10%, or up to 150 cubic centimeters, over the course of the last few millennia.
DeSilva's group found that not only did the human brain size shrink in general, but also it decreased relative to our body size, suggesting that brain size reduction isn't just a byproduct of our shrinking bodies.
Many anthropologists had explained the changes coincided with the appearance of agricultural practices around 10,000 years ago, and a global shift away from hunting and gathering. DeSilva's group point to booming eras for ancient civilizations in North Africa, the Middle East and South America — complex societies that they think may have played a role in the shrinkage.
The researchers suggested that perhaps our need to maintain a large brain to keep track of information about food, social relationships, and our environment has also relaxed in the past few millennia because we could store information externally in other members of our social circles and groups. That trend is likely strengthened by our use of books, personal devices and the Internet.
"Like, computers used to be the size of a room, and now they fit in your pocket, so it is important not to relate brain size to smarts." DeSilva said.
12．What can be known about the human brain size
A．Our brain volume has been keeping increasing.
B．The size of human brain has dropped to 150 cubic centimeters.
C．Until now, the accurate timing of brain shrink is no longer mysterious.
D．Fossils and sample data are used to figure out the exact brain shrink period.
13．Which is not the reason for brain shrinkage
A．Appearance of agriculture. B．Decreased body size.
C．Developed human society. D．Improved brain mechanism.
14．What is DeSilva and his group's view on the reduction of human brain size
A．A smaller human brain is less smarter.
B．The reduction of human brain size is just a coincidence.
C．It is a result of brain's adjustment to social development.
D．The shrinkage of human brain relaxed us the need to store information.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Reasons for a smarter brain.
B．Brain's mysteries to be revealed.
C．The precise timing of brain shrink.
D．Brain sizes changing circumstantially.
五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·深圳模拟）Short-form videolso known as Shorts, have gained great popularity, particularly on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels.　16． 　 However, there's a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children's brains.
The phenomenon known as "TikTok Brain" arises from the app's short and addictive videos. Similar to candy, these videos generate rapid dopamine (多巴胺) releases, stimulating the brain's pleasure center. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.　17． 　 They stimulated the brain's reward centers more intensely than random videos.
Our brains process visual information faster than text, which explains why videos tend to outperform text-based content online. Due to their underdeveloped reading skills, children are more easily to become addicted to visual stimuli. Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.　18． 　
According to Jessica Griffin, a professor of child psychology, Shorts affect the developing brains of children and teenagers. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.　19． 　 This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.
In conclusion, the constant exposure to fast-paced and stimulating content in Shorts can impact children's attention. To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.　20． 　 Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle.
A. Some even do not include text at all.
B. TikTok's feed is created addictive by design.
C. But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.
D. It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.
E. Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.
F. It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.
G. They're brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.
六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024·深圳模拟）My little niece was wandering through the garden in her home. Her father collected rare and precious plants, which he 21． with great care.
My niece was 22． by a plant full of blooming flowers. She approached it and admired its unique beauty. Suddenly she 23． that the plant was in a pile of filth(污秽). She could not put up with the 24． of dirt with such fantastic flowers.
She figured out a plan to clean the plant. She 25． the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its 26． in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away. She then placed the plant on a clean stone and went away, proud that she had done a great 27． .
Later her father came to the garden and noticed the uprooted plant, which had lain 28． in the baking sun. His little daughter ran over to 29． her achievement. "I have cleaned it, Daddy," she reported 30． .
The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant and told her that the filthy soil provided the best 31． to grow that plant. On hearing that, the girl felt guilty that the plant had suffered by her cleaning.
A great gardener mixes the 32． soil for each plant. 33． , God provides each of us with the best 34． required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth. But it may appear to be 35． and we may even complain to God about our difficulty.
21．A．attended to B．brought up C．looked out D．fed on
22．A．caught B．attacked C．attracted D．shocked
23．A．recalled B．recognized C．noticed D．concluded
24．A．shortage B．presence C．presentation D．composition
25．A．pulled B．picked C．held D．pushed
26．A．flowers B．roots C．leaves D．branches
27．A．project B．deal C．operation D．deed
28．A．boiling B．bathing C．breathing D．dying
29．A．confirm B．check C．exhibit D．assess
30．A．happily B．coldly C．fearfully D．patiently
31．A．shelter B．medicine C．agency D．medium
32．A．same B．right C．dirty D．loose
33．A．Moreover B．Similarly C．Rather D．Nevertheless
34．A．environment B．style C．neighborhood D．opportunity
35．A．invisible B．disorganized C．improper D．unpleasant
七、第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·深圳模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the popularity of traditional hanfu clothing rises,more young entrepreneurs are embracing the opportunity　36． 　(introduce)this cultural heritage to a wider audience.
Yang Ting,　37． 　95s-bom entrepreneur (创业者)and her friend QiQi,　38． 　used to work as teachers,embarked on a new journey by opening a hanfu dressing and makeup boutique (时装精品小店)in the busy pedestrian street of the Grand Tang Dynasty Ever Bright City in Xi'an.
Yang explained that the process of dressing up in hanfu and having makeup done is not　39． 　(complicate). It begins with selecting the desired style of clothing, followed by　40． 　(consult)with makeup artists for the perfect look,which typically takes about an hour.
Since its opening in March 2023, their boutique　41． 　 (become)a hot spot, attracting hundreds of visitors　42． 　(day). The visitors, who gather to experience the charm of dressing up in ancient hanfu clothes,　43． 　(be)not only from different parts of China but also from countries such as South Korea, Japan, Russia, Nigeria, and Brazil.
Despite facing challenges in the early stages due to their lack　44． 　experience in operations.Yang and her co-partner kept on,gradually　45． 　(expand)their business.
Today,their hanfu dressing and makeup boutique has expanded 1o two stores,boasting a collection of nearly a thousand outfits.(Adapted from CHINADAJLY2024/04/11)
八、第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
46．（2024·深圳模拟）假定你是李华，上个月你们班在井冈山进行了五天的研学活动。请你给美国朋友 Simon 写一封邮件分享这次研学之旅，内容包括：
1.研学经历和见闻；
2.你的感想。
参考词汇：研学 learning trip
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Simon,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Do you have similar experience Looking forward to your story.
Best regards,
Li Hua
九、第二节读后续写(满分25分)
47．（2024·深圳模拟）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
"No, little girl. You can't get in without the money." Jeffrey, the bus driver, told a little girl who wanted to get on the bus but only had a few pennies. She must have been around seven years old, and he wasn't in the mood to deal with unaccompanied children that day.
"Please, sir. I want to visit my grandmother," the little girl begged. "Then go ask your parents for the money and come back next time," Jeffrey replied and gestured with his hand for the girl to get out. She finally left the bus with her shoulders lowered. Jeffrey saw her sit down at the bus stop and drove off.
He finished his route and went home for the lunch, greeting his wife, Greta, and sitting down on the couch to rest. When he browsed his Facebook posts, an image caught his attention. A picture was shared of the little girl he had just turned away a few hours earlier. The word "Missing" was written on top of the image. He learned that the girl had disappeared a day ago, and her parents were desperately trying to find her.
"Dear! What have I done " he asked himself, standing up and going to the front door. When Greta asked where he was going, Jeffrey said, "Greta! Quick! Call 911 and this number," showing her the picture of the girl. "I saw this girl at a bus stop earlier, and I turned her away because she didn't have enough money. I'm going to find her, but please make those calls." Having told her where the bus stop was, he went out.
Jeffrey rushed to his car, speeding to the bus stop. Hopefully, the girl was smart enough to stay in one place. He couldn't believe how careless he had been earlier. She was a little girl all alone. As he drove to the bus stop, Jeffrey vowed to be more careful in the future, especially when it came to children.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Finally, Jeffrey saw a tiny figure sitting on the bench at the spot.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A few minutes later, the police and another car approached.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；科普类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种可用于食物和药物的烹饪香草。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
1．细节理解题。根据"Curry leaves"所在段落"They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines."（它们是南印度菜肴的主要成分，其使用方法与月桂叶在西方菜肴中的使用方法相同。）可知它们在南印度菜肴中起到很大的作用。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据"Shiso"所在段落"Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir-fries."（无论是红叶还是绿叶，它都有多种用途：拌沙拉、泡绿茶或添加到炒菜中。）以及"Mint"所在段落中"Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir-fries."（薄荷叶柔软翠绿，可用于烹饪和多种药用目的，常用于薄荷茶等饮品以及越南和泰国炒菜等菜肴。）可知Mint和Shiso都可以用于茶饮和炒菜。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段"Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in smll amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you."（烹饪香草是一种芳香植物，适合食用，少量使用可为菜肴增添美味。大多数草药都可以在食物中找到，同时也有药用价值。下面为你介绍四种草药。）可知文章介绍了几种香草的特点和用途，因此内容适合出现在植物杂志中。故选C。
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巴西牙医Felipe Rossi创建了非政府组织Porsorriso，致力于为贫困地区的低收入人群提供免费的口腔治疗服务。尽管面临资金和运营挑战，Rossi及其团队仍坚持帮助需要的人，传递健康微笑，增强当地民众的自信。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段"For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished (贫困的) areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn't possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation.(对我们中的一些人来说，去牙医那里做例行检查是一件很平常的事情。但对世界上许多人来说，尤其是那些生活在贫困地区的人来说，改善牙齿和检查牙齿根本是不可能的。巴西牙医费利佩·罗西致力于帮助改变这种状况)"可知，文章开头通过对比一些人定期去牙医处进行常规检查，而世界上很多人尤其是贫困地区的人们无法进行牙科治疗和牙齿检查的情况，引出了文章的主题，即巴西牙医Felip e Rossi致力于帮助改变这种情况。因此，作者通过提出对比来引入文章的主题。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段""All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."(‘并不是所有的当地人都能得到牙科护理，因此，很多人的牙齿都变形了，甚至掉了牙，导致很多人不敢张嘴笑。'Felipe Rossi回忆道。‘一种渴望在我心中扎根。也就是说，用我的技能给患有牙病的人带来健康的微笑。')"可知，Felipe Rossi在巴西的Balsabo地区看到当地人没有机会接受牙科治疗，很多人因此牙齿变形或甚至失去牙齿，这激发了他提供牙科治疗的决心；由此可知，是当地人缺乏牙科护理的情况促使Felipe为巴西人提供牙科治疗。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段""All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."(‘并不是所有的当地人都能得到牙科护理，因此，很多人的牙齿都变形了，甚至掉了牙，导致很多人不敢张嘴笑。'Felipe Rossi回忆道。‘一种渴望在我心中扎根。也就是说，用我的技能给患有牙病的人带来健康的微笑。')"可知，Felipe Rossi想要利用自己的技能为遭受牙科问题的人们带来健康的笑容，这表明他具有慈善精神。在最后一段中"As noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is "struggling to survive" because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. "Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face". Felipe said with a strong will.(尽管目标崇高，Felipe承认Porsorriso正在‘挣扎着生存'，因为提供牙科治疗的巨大成本和他们必须举行的持续筹款活动以保持非政府组织的正常运作。‘虽然这很有挑战性，但它确实给当地人带来了健康的牙齿，并重新树立了信心。无论我们面临什么困难，我们都将继续这一变革行动。'斐利贝带着强烈的意志说)"可知，他承认Porsorriso的生存很困难，但他们将继续进行这项改变性的行动，无论他们将面临什么困难，这表明他具有奉献精神。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段"Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity' program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.(赞助通常由两家私人公司提供。个人也可以通过‘微笑团结'计划捐款，他们可以选择每月的捐款数额。Porsorriso还定期举行筹款活动，为全国各地提供免费牙科服务)"可知，Porsorriso是由企业和个人提供经济支持。故选C。
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．B
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了建筑师Lord Norman Foster和他设计的卡塔尔Lusail Towers的背景和特点。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段""What we've done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs," Foster said. "It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in."("我们所做的是创造一种来自真实需求的认同感，"Foster说。"这不是一个时髦的想法，而是来自我们所处的现实。")"可知，根据Foster的概念，高层建筑应该是实用的。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段"Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster's Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar's tallest buildings.(Foster设计的Lusail Towers目前接近完工，预计将达到301米的高度，有望成为卡塔尔最高建筑。)"可知，Lusail Towers有望成为卡塔尔最高的建筑，故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段"The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers' surfaces are coated with "marine- grade" aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light.(该设计结合了先进的遮阳和通风，而塔楼的表面涂有"海洋级"铝，包裹着建筑物，保护玻璃免受强烈的阳光照射，同时保持视野，仍然让自然光进入。)"可知，给塔涂上一层非常规材料可以解决卡塔尔炎热气候带来的挑战。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段"According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.(根据Foster的说法，广场的地面特征将在将该地区转变为未来充满活力的公共空间的目标中发挥重要作用。)"可知，小规模总体规划的目标是为未来提供一个充满活力的公共空间，故选C。
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．C
15．D
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于人类大脑大小随着环境变化的研究以及背后的原因。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段"A group of researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture of fossil and modern sample data to confirm that this loss of gray matter happened between 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, according to research published in June in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.(根据6月份发表在《生态与进化前沿》杂志上的一项研究，由德西尔瓦领导的一组研究人员使用化石和现代样本数据的混合来证实，这种灰质的丧失发生在3000到5000年前)"可知，化石和样本数据被用来计算确切的脑萎缩时期。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段"Many anthropologists had explained the changes coincided with the appearance of agricultural practices around 10,000 years ago, and a global shift away from hunting and gathering.(许多人类学家解释说，这些变化与大约1万年前农业活动的出现以及全球从狩猎和采集的转变相吻合)"以及倒数第二段"The researchers suggested that perhaps our need to maintain a large brain to keep track of information about food, social relationships, and our environment has also relaxed in the past few millennia because we could store information externally in other members of our social circles and groups. That trend is likely strengthened by our use of books, personal devices and the Internet.(研究人员认为，也许在过去的几千年里，我们需要保持一个大的大脑来记录有关食物、社会关系和我们的环境的信息，因为我们可以将信息存储在我们社交圈和群体的其他成员身上。我们对书籍、个人设备和互联网的使用可能会加强这一趋势)"可知，体型减小不是大脑萎缩的原因。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段"DeSilva's group point to booming eras for ancient civilizations in North Africa, the Middle East and South America — complex societies that they think may have played a role in the shrinkage.(DeSilva的研究小组指出，北非、中东和南美古代文明的繁荣时期，他们认为这些复杂的社会可能在缩小中发挥了作用)"可知，DeSilva和他的团队认为人类大脑体积缩小是大脑适应社会发展的结果。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段"The last two million years of our evolution were marked by a nearly fourfold (四倍的) increase in brain volume. But a growing body of evidence suggests our brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They diminished in size sometime following the end of the last Ice Age.(在过去200万年的进化中，我们的脑容量增加了近四倍。但越来越多的证据表明，我们的大脑最近以一种意想不到的方式发生了变化：在上一个冰河时代结束后的某个时候，它们的体积缩小了)"结合文章主要介绍了关于人类大脑大小随着环境变化的研究以及背后的原因。可知，这篇文章的主旨是大脑大小随环境变化。故选D。
【答案】16．G；17．F；18．E；19．C；20．D
【知识点】七选五；社会文化类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了短视频对儿童和青少年大脑发展的影响。
备选项的中文意思：
A. 有些甚至根本不包含文字内容。
B. TikTok 的推送内容在设计上就容易让人上瘾。
C. 但它要到 25 岁左右才会完全成熟。
D. 使用屏幕时间管理工具来管理短视频是有帮助的。
E. 短期记忆和集中注意力的能力会受到影响。
F. 研究揭示，这些视频是经过个性化筛选后推送给用户的。
G. 它们是简短且引人注意的视频，既有趣又容易让人上瘾。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题技巧如下：1. 看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。2. 首先快速浏览一遍几个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。4. 看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。5. 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。6. 做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。
16．根据下文"However, there's a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children's brains.(然而，越来越多的人担心看太多短片会影响孩子的大脑)"中"However"可知，上下文有转折关系，下文讲短视频的问题：会影响孩子的大脑"，G项"They're brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.(它们是简短且引人注意的视频，既有趣又容易让人上瘾。)"讲短视频的魅力，与下文构成转折关系。故选G。
17．上文"A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.(一项研究调查了短视频对青少年大脑的影响)"提到一个关于短视频对青少年大脑的影响的研究，F项"It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.( 研究揭示，这些视频是经过个性化筛选后推送给用户的。)"承接上文，说明研究的结果，句中"It"指代上文"A study"，上下文语意连贯。故选F。
18．上文"Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.(值得注意的是，社交媒体平台可能会对年轻用户阅读习惯的养成造成很大伤害)"指出社交媒体平台对阅读习惯的养成的影响，E项"Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.(短期记忆和集中注意力的能力会受到影响。)"承接上文，说明其具体影响：影响短期记忆和集中注意力的能力，上下文语意连贯。故选E。
19．下文"This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.(这种延迟发育使年轻人更容易受到short的影响)"中提到"This delayed development"，根据指代关系，上文会明确其指代的具体内容，C项"But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.(但它要到 25 岁左右才会完全成熟。)"和上文"The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.(前额叶皮层负责注意力、自我控制、记忆和学习灵活性)"告知，下文的"延迟发育"指的是"前额叶皮层的延迟发育"。故选C。
20．上文"To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.(为了解决这个问题，父母可以和他们的孩子就潜在的风险进行开诚布公的交流)"提出解决问题的一个办法：父母和孩子进行交流。D项"It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.(使用屏幕时间管理工具来管理短视频是有帮助的。)"给出另一个办法，建议使用屏幕时间管理工具。下文"Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle.(此外，鼓励体育活动和户外活动对于发展平衡的生活方式也至关重要)"提出第三个建议：鼓励体育活动和户外活动。所以，D项与上下文构成并列关系，就如果解决问题给出切实可行的建议。故选D。
【答案】21．A；22．C；23．C；24．B；25．A；26．B；27．D；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．B；33．B；34．A；35．D
【知识点】名词辨析；形容词的词义辨析；动词的词义辨析；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小女孩好心办了坏事，在看到美丽的花长在污泥中后，她把花从泥土中拔起，清洗了根部的泥土，差点让花死掉，而父亲教育她污泥恰是种植这株植物的最佳培养基。上帝实际上也为我们每个人提供了最佳的精神成长环境，虽然有时这种环境并不令人愉快。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。
21．句意：她的父亲收集了很多珍贵的稀有植物，他非常细心地照料这些植物。A. attended to照料；B. brought up抚养；C. looked out小心；D. fed on以……为食。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词rare and prized plants作补充说明，先行词在从句中作空处谓语的宾语，再结合下文"with great care"可知，她的父亲应该是细心地照料这些珍贵的稀有植物。故选A。
22．句意：女孩被一株开满娇嫩花朵的植物所吸引。A. caught捕捉；B. attacked攻击；C. attracted吸引；D. shocked（使）震惊。根据下文"She approached it and admired its striking beauty."可知，女孩走过去欣赏这株美丽的植物，因此是被它吸引。故选C。
23．句意：突然，她注意到这株植物长在一堆污泥中。A. recalled回忆起；B. recognized辨认出；C. noticed注意到；D. concluded得出结论。根据下文"that the plant was in a pile of filth"可推知，植物长在一堆污泥中是女孩走近后注意到的情况。故选C。
24．句意：她不能容忍这样美丽的花上存在泥土。A. shortage缺少；B. presence存在；C. presentation展示；D. composition组成。根据上文"that the plant was in a pile of filth"可知，植物长在一堆污泥中，因此女孩是觉得花上不应该存在泥土。故选B。
25．句意：她用尽力气把植物从泥土里拔出来，用自来水冲洗根部，直到所有的泥土都被洗干净。A. pulled拔出；B. picked采，摘；C. held握着；D. pushed推。根据下文"the plant with all her might from the dirt"可推知，她是用尽力气把植物从泥土里拔出来。故选A。
26．句意：她用尽力气把植物从泥土里拔出来，用自来水冲洗根部，直到所有的泥土都被洗干净。A. flowers花；B. roots根；C. leaves叶子；D. branches树枝。根据上文"She ___5___ the plant with all her might from the dirt"和常识可知，从泥土里出来的植物根部会有泥土，因此是用自来水冲洗根部。故选B。
27．句意：然后，她把植物放在一块干净的石头上便离开了，她为自己做了一件好事而自豪。A. project项目；B. deal交易；C. operation操作；D. deed行为。根据上文"She___5___ the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its___6___ in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away."可知，女孩想办法清除了这株植物上的泥土，由此推之，她会觉得自己为植物做了件好事，do a good deed是固定短语，意为"做一件好事"。故选D。
28．句意：后来，她的父亲来到花园，发现了那棵被连根拔起的植物，它已经在烈日下奄奄一息了。A. boiling（使）沸腾；B. bathing洗澡；C. breathing呼吸；D. dying死亡。根据下文"The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant"可知，被连根拔起的植物在烈日下快死了。故选D。
29．句意：他的小女儿跑过来展示她的成就。A. confirm确认；B. check检查；C. exhibit展示；D. assess评估。根据上文"proud that she had done a great___7___"可知，女孩对自己做的事情感到很骄傲，因此会向父亲展示自己的成就。故选C。
30．句意："爸爸，我把它清理干净了。"她高兴地说。A. happily高兴地；B.coldly冷淡地；C. fearfully可怕地；D. patiently耐心地。根据上文"I have cleaned it, Daddy"可知，女孩认为自己清理了这株植物上的污泥，是做了正确的事情，却不知道自己犯了错误，因此是高兴地说话。故选A。
31．句意：父亲告诉她，她的处理方法几乎杀死了那株植物，并告诉她污秽的泥土是种植那株植物的最佳培养基。A. shelter庇护所；B. medicine药物；C. agency机构；D. medium培养基。根据上文"the filthy soil"和下文"to grow that plant"可推知，污秽的泥土应该是种植该植物的最佳培养基。故选D。
32．句意：一个好的园丁会为每种植物混合合适的土壤。A. same相同的；B. right合适的；C. dirty脏的；D. loose松的。根据上文"A great gardener"可推知，好的园丁熟知植物的习性，会为植物混合合适的土壤。故选B。
33．句意：同样，上帝也为我们每个人提供最佳的精神成长环境。A. Moreover此外；B. Similarly类似地；C. Rather相反地；D. Nevertheless然而。根据上文"A great gardener mixes the___12___ soil for each plant."和下文"God provides each of us with the best___14___ required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth."可知，作者从园丁培育植物谈到上帝培育人的精神成长，两者有相似之处，应用Similarly"类似地"来衔接。故选B。
34．句意：同样，上帝也为我们每个人提供最佳的精神成长环境。A. environment环境；B. style风格；C. neighbourhood街区；D. opportunity机会。根据上文"soil for each plant"可推知，此处是类比，土壤之于植物，正如环境之于人。故选A。
35．句意：但它可能看起来不愉快，我们甚至可能向上帝抱怨我们的困难。A. invisible看不见的；B. disorganized混乱的；C. improper不适当的；D. unpleasant不愉快的。根据下文"we may even complain to God about our difficulty"可知，我们可能会向上帝抱怨我们的困难，因此指它可能看起来不愉快。故选D。
【答案】36．to introduce；37．a；38．who；39．complicated；40．consulting；41．has become；42．daily；43．are；44．in；45．expanding
【知识点】不定冠词；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；动词不定式；新闻报道类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文（新闻报道）。文章主要报道了关于年轻创业者杨婷和她的朋友琪琪在西安开设汉服梳妆打扮精品小店的故事，介绍了她们的业务内容、小店的发展情况以及吸引的游客群体等。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及动词不定式，冠词，定语从句，形容词，非谓语动词，时态，主谓一致，副词以及介词等多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。语法填空实用解题策略如下。一、分析句子结构。在面对语法填空题时，首先要做的是分析句子的结构。观察句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分，以及是否有从句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。通过理解句子结构，可以更好地把握填空处所需的词性和功能。二、确定词性变化。根据句子结构和语境，确定填空处所需的词性。然后，根据语法规则，考虑所需的词性是否需要进行变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。确保所填词汇在语法上与句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢记固定搭配。英语中存在大量的固定搭配和短语，这些搭配在语法填空题中经常出现。因此，需要牢记常见的固定搭配和短语，以便在解题时能够迅速识别并正确填空。四、注意时态语态。时态和语态是英语语法填空的重要考点。在解题时，要注意根据句子的语境和上下文，判断所需动词的时态和语态。同时，也要注意时态和语态的一致性，确保所填词汇与句子的时态和语态相符。五、理解上下文语境。语境对于语法填空题的解答至关重要。通过理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空处所需的词汇和语法结构。因此，在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的前后文，把握句子的整体意义，以便更好地填空。六、利用常识和逻辑。在某些情况下，可以利用常识和逻辑来解答语法填空题。例如，根据常识判断所填词汇是否符合常理，或者根据逻辑判断所填词汇是否与前后的句子内容相符合。通过利用常识和逻辑，可以更加准确地填空。
36．句意：随着传统汉服的流行度日益提升，越来越多的年轻创业者正抓住这一机遇，将这份文化遗产介绍给更广泛的受众。 introduce， 介绍/引进/提出/采用，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中作后置定语修饰名词opportunity，此处表示"做某事的机会"，the opportunity to do sth，固定搭配，符合语境，故空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to introduce。
37．句意：杨婷，一位95后创业者，与她的朋友琪琪（两人曾是教师）在西安大唐不夜城繁华的步行街上开设了一家汉服梳妆打扮精品小店，开启了一段新的旅程。此处泛指"一位95后创业者"，且空后95s以辅音音素发音开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
38．句意：杨婷，一位95后创业者，与她的朋友琪琪（两人曾是教师）在西安大唐不夜城繁华的步行街上开设了一家汉服梳妆打扮精品小店，开启了一段新的旅程。空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yang Ting and her friend QiQi，指人，且在非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
39．句意：杨婷解释说，穿上汉服并进行梳妆打扮的过程并不复杂。complicate， 使复杂化/使难懂/使卷入，动词。空处在句中做表语，空处表示"复杂的"，complicated，形容词，符合语境。故填complicated。
40．句意：它始于挑选心仪的服饰款式，随后是与化妆师沟通以打造出完美的妆容，整个过程通常需要大约一个小时。consult，咨询/请教/商量，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中做介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填consulting。
41．句意：自2023年3月开业以来，她们的小店已成为一个热门景点，每日吸引着数百名游客。become，变成，动词。空处为句子的谓语，根据句中时间状语since its opening in March 2023可知，谓语时态为现在完成时，结构为has/have+过去分词，根据主谓一致原则，主语their boutique为单数，故助动词应用has。故填has become。
42．句意：自2023年3月开业以来，她们的小店已成为一个热门景点，每日吸引着数百名游客。day，日子/天，可数名词。空处在句中作状语修饰动词attracting，空处表示"每日地"，daily，副词，符合语境。故填daily。
43．句意：这些游客聚集在此，是为了体验穿上古代汉服所带来的魅力。他们不仅来自中国的各个地区，还来自韩国、日本、俄罗斯、尼日利亚和巴西等国家。空处为主句的谓语，根据时态呼应原则以及 gather可知，主句谓语时态为一般现在时，根据主谓一致原则，主语the visitors为复数，故be动词应用are。故填are。
44．句意：尽管在初期阶段由于缺乏运营经验而面临挑战，但杨婷和她的合作伙伴坚持不懈，逐步扩大了她们的业务。此处表示"缺乏..."，lack in，固定短语，符合语境。故填in。
45．句意：尽管在初期阶段由于缺乏运营经验而面临挑战，但杨婷和她的合作伙伴坚持不懈，逐步扩大了她们的业务。expand，扩散/蔓延/扩展，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中作状语，此处表示由主句所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式做结果状语。故填expanding。
46．【答案】Dear Simon,
I can't wait to share my recent adventure with you. Last month, our class embarked on a five-day learning trip to Jinggang Mountain. It was not more than just a journey but a profound history lesson and a spiritual awakening.
Upon walking through the lush forests, we visited the sites of historical battles and the humble living quarters of our revolutionary heroes. Each place we explored was a testament to their unwavering courage and dedication.
The highlight was meeting the descendants of these heroes. Their stories breathed life into the history books, making the sacrifices of the past vivid and real. It was humbling to stand in the places where history unfolded and to understand the true meaning of resilience and unity.
This trip was a reminder that our peace today is built upon the sacrifices of the past. I now appreciate the value of perseverance and the importance of our national heritage.
Do you have similar experience Looking forward to your story.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【知识点】文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份给美国朋友 Simon写信分享班级的井冈山研学之旅。写作背景：李华的班级于上个月在井冈山进行了五天的研学活动。内容包括：1. 阐述写作目的；2. 阐述研学经历和见闻；3. 阐述自己的感悟。注意：1. 时态为一般过去时；2.注意不要遗漏写作要点，详略得当，可适当拓展，突出写作重点；3. 注意语句表达规范流畅，逻辑正确，条理清晰，语义连贯；4. 不能使用真实的名称；5. 写作词数为80个左右。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使作文显得更有档次。【点评】本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。例如： It was not more than just a journey but a profound history lesson and a spiritual awakening. （运用了not...but...连接的并列结构）；Upon walking through the lush forests, we visited the sites of historical battles and the humble living quarters of our revolutionary heroes.（运用了介词短语做时间状语）； Each place we explored was a testament to their unwavering courage and dedication. （运用了省略了that/which引导的定语从句）；Their stories breathed life into the history books, making the sacrifices of the past vivid and real.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）； It was humbling to stand in the places where history unfolded and to understand the true meaning of resilience and unity. （运用了where引导的定语从句）； This trip was a reminder that our peace today is built upon the sacrifices of the past. （运用了that引导的同位语从句）。
47．【答案】 Finally, he saw a tiny figure sitting on the bench at the spot. Jeffery felt relieved and delighted to see the girl staying safe and sound. Trying to calm himself, Jeffery decided to talk to her gently. He inquired about her name and why she had left home. "I was going to Grandma's house. My mom wouldn't let me go." Sarah replied, swinging one of her feet and looking at the concrete floor. "Your parents are searching for you, and they'll be here soon," he assured her, and the little girl gave him a small smile.
A few minutes later, the police and another car approached them. A woman got out of the vehicle and rushed toward Sarah. The little girl got up and ran to her, yelling, "Mommy!" The police officers approached Jeffrey and he told them the entire story and how he regretted not letting her on the bus, so he came to find her. Sarah's parents thanked him for what he had done. From then on, Jeffrey helped anyone short on cash who got on his bus, and he always watched out for the kids that were alone because they needed someone like him to do the right job.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，该篇记叙文以人物为线索展开，讲述了公交车司机Jeffrey一开始拒绝让没有钱的小女孩上车，后来他在Facebook上看到女孩失踪的消息，意识到自己的错误并努力将她找回的故事。段落续写：由第一段首句内容"最后，他看见一个小小的身影坐在原地的长凳上。"可知，第一段可描写Jeffrey抵达公交站并发现小女孩仍然坐在那里的情形以及他对自己行为的反思。由第二段首句内容"几分钟后，警察和另一辆车靠近了他们。"可知，第二段可描写小女孩与她的父母团聚的感人瞬间，以及他们对Jeffrey的感谢及Jeffrey的变化。续写线索：车站看到小姑娘——感到欣慰——安慰小姑娘——女孩与父母团聚——女孩父母感谢——Jeffrey的变化。写作时要注意准确运用时态，上下文意思要连贯，符合句际间和段际间的逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇及句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型来提升文章的档次。【点评】1. 本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。 例如： Jeffery felt relieved and delighted to see the girl staying safe and sound. （运用了动词不定式做原因状语）；Trying to calm himself, Jeffery decided to talk to her gently. （运用了现在分词短语作状语）； He inquired about her name and why she had left home. （运用了why引导的宾语从句）； The police officers approached Jeffrey and he told them the entire story and how he regretted not letting her on the bus, so he came to find her. （运用了how引导的宾语从句）； Sarah's parents thanked him for what he had done. （运用了what引导的宾语从句）；From then on, Jeffrey helped anyone short on cash who got on his bus, and he always watched out for the kids that were alone because they needed someone like him to do the right job.（运用了who&that引导的定语从句以及because引导的原因状语从句）。
2. 读后续写步骤如下
（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，比如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生能做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词语拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性、语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生检查关键词语的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到字迹工整与清晰。
3. 在做此类试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停顿，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾；经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
1 / 1广东省深圳市红山中学2024-2025学年高三上学期二模考试英语试题
一、阅读理解A
（2024·深圳模拟）Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in small amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you.
·Curry leaves The curry tree is native to India and Sri Lanka The leaves are dark green and shiny, releasing a pleasant nut- like scent when they are fried in oil. They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines.
·Shiso Shiso is a Japanese herb with a unique flavor, whose green leaves are often used as a garnish（装饰） for traditional Japanese dishes. Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir- fries.
·Basil Basil has shiny, deep green, pointed leaves and a sweet- and- savory flavor, which is used in both fresh and dried forms to flavor dishes ranging from Italian sauces to meat dishes to Asian curries. When cooking, add it towards the end to maintain flavor.
·Mint Mint has a delicately sweet flavor and creates a distinct cooling feeling due to the menthol（薄荷醇） in the herb. Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir- fries While dried mint is used in tea making, fresh mint is the preferred form of the herb for cooking.
1．Which of the following statement about Curry leaves is true
A．They are only native to Sri Lanka.
B．They enjoy great popularity among Westerners.
C．They smell pleasant, like fried nuts.
D．They play an important role in South Indian cuisine.
2．Which herbs can be used both in tea drinks and stir- fries
A．Mint and Basil. B．Basil and Shiso.
C．Curry leaves and Basil. D．Mint and Shiso.
3．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A biology textbook. B．An academic paper.
C．A botanical magazine. D．A commercial poster.
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；科普类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种可用于食物和药物的烹饪香草。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
1．细节理解题。根据"Curry leaves"所在段落"They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines."（它们是南印度菜肴的主要成分，其使用方法与月桂叶在西方菜肴中的使用方法相同。）可知它们在南印度菜肴中起到很大的作用。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据"Shiso"所在段落"Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir-fries."（无论是红叶还是绿叶，它都有多种用途：拌沙拉、泡绿茶或添加到炒菜中。）以及"Mint"所在段落中"Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir-fries."（薄荷叶柔软翠绿，可用于烹饪和多种药用目的，常用于薄荷茶等饮品以及越南和泰国炒菜等菜肴。）可知Mint和Shiso都可以用于茶饮和炒菜。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段"Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in smll amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you."（烹饪香草是一种芳香植物，适合食用，少量使用可为菜肴增添美味。大多数草药都可以在食物中找到，同时也有药用价值。下面为你介绍四种草药。）可知文章介绍了几种香草的特点和用途，因此内容适合出现在植物杂志中。故选C。
二、阅读理解B
（2024·深圳模拟）For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished (贫困的) areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn't possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation.
Growing up in USA, Felipe Rossi had just obtained the Bachelor of Medicine Degree and was about to start a master's degree in Pediatric Dentistry (儿童口腔学) when a journey to his father's home — Balsabo in Brazil — converted his initial plan. "All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."
With the support of his parents, Felipe formed an NGO (non-government organization) called Porsorriso to give free oral treatments to individuals with low incomes who require cleaning. fillings, crowns, restoration work and more. His team is composed of approximately 30 registered volunteers who go with him to poor towns and villages in Brazil.
Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity' program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.
As noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is "struggling to survive" because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. "Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face". Felipe said with a strong will.
4．How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A．By posing a contrast. B．By reporting an event.
C．By assuming a situation. D．By making an appeal.
5．What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatments to Brazilians
A．The support from his parents.
B．The passion for dental health.
C．The encounter with local s lacking dental care.
D．The professional skills and knowledge from college.
6．Which of the following can best describe Felipe Rossi
A．Hopeful and diligent. B．Faithful and ambitious.
C．Intelligent and creative. D．Charitable and dedicated.
7．What do we know about Porsorriso
A．It gives free oral treatments to anyone in need.
B．It is cooperated by Felipe Rossi and the local authority.
C．It is financially supported by corporations and individuals.
D．It holds regular fundraisers to educate people about dental care.
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巴西牙医Felipe Rossi创建了非政府组织Porsorriso，致力于为贫困地区的低收入人群提供免费的口腔治疗服务。尽管面临资金和运营挑战，Rossi及其团队仍坚持帮助需要的人，传递健康微笑，增强当地民众的自信。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段"For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished (贫困的) areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn't possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation.(对我们中的一些人来说，去牙医那里做例行检查是一件很平常的事情。但对世界上许多人来说，尤其是那些生活在贫困地区的人来说，改善牙齿和检查牙齿根本是不可能的。巴西牙医费利佩·罗西致力于帮助改变这种状况)"可知，文章开头通过对比一些人定期去牙医处进行常规检查，而世界上很多人尤其是贫困地区的人们无法进行牙科治疗和牙齿检查的情况，引出了文章的主题，即巴西牙医Felip e Rossi致力于帮助改变这种情况。因此，作者通过提出对比来引入文章的主题。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段""All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."(‘并不是所有的当地人都能得到牙科护理，因此，很多人的牙齿都变形了，甚至掉了牙，导致很多人不敢张嘴笑。'Felipe Rossi回忆道。‘一种渴望在我心中扎根。也就是说，用我的技能给患有牙病的人带来健康的微笑。')"可知，Felipe Rossi在巴西的Balsabo地区看到当地人没有机会接受牙科治疗，很多人因此牙齿变形或甚至失去牙齿，这激发了他提供牙科治疗的决心；由此可知，是当地人缺乏牙科护理的情况促使Felipe为巴西人提供牙科治疗。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段""All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."(‘并不是所有的当地人都能得到牙科护理，因此，很多人的牙齿都变形了，甚至掉了牙，导致很多人不敢张嘴笑。'Felipe Rossi回忆道。‘一种渴望在我心中扎根。也就是说，用我的技能给患有牙病的人带来健康的微笑。')"可知，Felipe Rossi想要利用自己的技能为遭受牙科问题的人们带来健康的笑容，这表明他具有慈善精神。在最后一段中"As noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is "struggling to survive" because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. "Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face". Felipe said with a strong will.(尽管目标崇高，Felipe承认Porsorriso正在‘挣扎着生存'，因为提供牙科治疗的巨大成本和他们必须举行的持续筹款活动以保持非政府组织的正常运作。‘虽然这很有挑战性，但它确实给当地人带来了健康的牙齿，并重新树立了信心。无论我们面临什么困难，我们都将继续这一变革行动。'斐利贝带着强烈的意志说)"可知，他承认Porsorriso的生存很困难，但他们将继续进行这项改变性的行动，无论他们将面临什么困难，这表明他具有奉献精神。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段"Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity' program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.(赞助通常由两家私人公司提供。个人也可以通过‘微笑团结'计划捐款，他们可以选择每月的捐款数额。Porsorriso还定期举行筹款活动，为全国各地提供免费牙科服务)"可知，Porsorriso是由企业和个人提供经济支持。故选C。
三、阅读理解C
（2024·深圳模拟）Lord Norman Foster, renowned as one of the world's foremost architects, has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings. "What we've done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs," Foster said. "It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in." His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong. Now, he's set his sights on Qatar.
Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster's Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar's tallest buildings. Lusail Towers are intended to serve as a center for Oatar's financial institutions, with four distinctive blocks, two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories.
But the construction itself wasn't all plain sailing. To address the unique challenges presented by Oatar's hot climate, Foster's team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries—— part of what Foster called a decades- long quest to "reinvent the tall building." The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers' surfaces are coated with "marine- grade" aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central to the project are special shading fins (鳍), which not only optimize views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all- glass towers.
While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city's skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a "low- scale master plan." They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.
8．According to Foster's concept, what should tall buildings be like
A．Creative. B．Identical. C．Fashionable. D．Practical.
9．What can we learn about the Lusail Towers
A．They will function as a global financial center.
B．They are expected to be Qartar's tallest building.
C．They are Foster's most renowned iconic masterpiece.
D．They have four blocks with the same style and height.
10．What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar's hot climate
A．Replacing the glass with "marine-grade" aluminum.
B．Coating the tower with an unconventional material.
C．Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins.
D．Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation.
11．What's the goal of "low- scale master plan"
A．To link the waterfront to the football stadium.
B．To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens.
C．To offer a dynamic public space for the future.
D．To connect a subway and a commercial avenue.
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．B
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了建筑师Lord Norman Foster和他设计的卡塔尔Lusail Towers的背景和特点。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段""What we've done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs," Foster said. "It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in."("我们所做的是创造一种来自真实需求的认同感，"Foster说。"这不是一个时髦的想法，而是来自我们所处的现实。")"可知，根据Foster的概念，高层建筑应该是实用的。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段"Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster's Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar's tallest buildings.(Foster设计的Lusail Towers目前接近完工，预计将达到301米的高度，有望成为卡塔尔最高建筑。)"可知，Lusail Towers有望成为卡塔尔最高的建筑，故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段"The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers' surfaces are coated with "marine- grade" aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light.(该设计结合了先进的遮阳和通风，而塔楼的表面涂有"海洋级"铝，包裹着建筑物，保护玻璃免受强烈的阳光照射，同时保持视野，仍然让自然光进入。)"可知，给塔涂上一层非常规材料可以解决卡塔尔炎热气候带来的挑战。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段"According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.(根据Foster的说法，广场的地面特征将在将该地区转变为未来充满活力的公共空间的目标中发挥重要作用。)"可知，小规模总体规划的目标是为未来提供一个充满活力的公共空间，故选C。
四、阅读理解D
（2024·深圳模拟）The development of bigger brains has long been considered a characteristic of our species' increased intelligence and subsequent dominance (主宰) on this planet. The last two million years of our evolution were marked by a nearly fourfold (四倍的) increase in brain volume. But a growing body of evidence suggests our brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They diminished in size sometime following the end of the last Ice Age.
The precise timing of that post-Ice Age brain shrink has remained a mystery until now. A group of researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture of fossil and modern sample data to confirm that this loss of gray matter happened between 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, according to research published in June in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. DeSilva's group calculated that human brains had remained roughly the same size in average volume, about 1,450 cubic centimeters, for roughly the past 150,000 years. That average rapidly dropped by around 10%, or up to 150 cubic centimeters, over the course of the last few millennia.
DeSilva's group found that not only did the human brain size shrink in general, but also it decreased relative to our body size, suggesting that brain size reduction isn't just a byproduct of our shrinking bodies.
Many anthropologists had explained the changes coincided with the appearance of agricultural practices around 10,000 years ago, and a global shift away from hunting and gathering. DeSilva's group point to booming eras for ancient civilizations in North Africa, the Middle East and South America — complex societies that they think may have played a role in the shrinkage.
The researchers suggested that perhaps our need to maintain a large brain to keep track of information about food, social relationships, and our environment has also relaxed in the past few millennia because we could store information externally in other members of our social circles and groups. That trend is likely strengthened by our use of books, personal devices and the Internet.
"Like, computers used to be the size of a room, and now they fit in your pocket, so it is important not to relate brain size to smarts." DeSilva said.
12．What can be known about the human brain size
A．Our brain volume has been keeping increasing.
B．The size of human brain has dropped to 150 cubic centimeters.
C．Until now, the accurate timing of brain shrink is no longer mysterious.
D．Fossils and sample data are used to figure out the exact brain shrink period.
13．Which is not the reason for brain shrinkage
A．Appearance of agriculture. B．Decreased body size.
C．Developed human society. D．Improved brain mechanism.
14．What is DeSilva and his group's view on the reduction of human brain size
A．A smaller human brain is less smarter.
B．The reduction of human brain size is just a coincidence.
C．It is a result of brain's adjustment to social development.
D．The shrinkage of human brain relaxed us the need to store information.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Reasons for a smarter brain.
B．Brain's mysteries to be revealed.
C．The precise timing of brain shrink.
D．Brain sizes changing circumstantially.
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．C
15．D
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于人类大脑大小随着环境变化的研究以及背后的原因。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段"A group of researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture of fossil and modern sample data to confirm that this loss of gray matter happened between 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, according to research published in June in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.(根据6月份发表在《生态与进化前沿》杂志上的一项研究，由德西尔瓦领导的一组研究人员使用化石和现代样本数据的混合来证实，这种灰质的丧失发生在3000到5000年前)"可知，化石和样本数据被用来计算确切的脑萎缩时期。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段"Many anthropologists had explained the changes coincided with the appearance of agricultural practices around 10,000 years ago, and a global shift away from hunting and gathering.(许多人类学家解释说，这些变化与大约1万年前农业活动的出现以及全球从狩猎和采集的转变相吻合)"以及倒数第二段"The researchers suggested that perhaps our need to maintain a large brain to keep track of information about food, social relationships, and our environment has also relaxed in the past few millennia because we could store information externally in other members of our social circles and groups. That trend is likely strengthened by our use of books, personal devices and the Internet.(研究人员认为，也许在过去的几千年里，我们需要保持一个大的大脑来记录有关食物、社会关系和我们的环境的信息，因为我们可以将信息存储在我们社交圈和群体的其他成员身上。我们对书籍、个人设备和互联网的使用可能会加强这一趋势)"可知，体型减小不是大脑萎缩的原因。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段"DeSilva's group point to booming eras for ancient civilizations in North Africa, the Middle East and South America — complex societies that they think may have played a role in the shrinkage.(DeSilva的研究小组指出，北非、中东和南美古代文明的繁荣时期，他们认为这些复杂的社会可能在缩小中发挥了作用)"可知，DeSilva和他的团队认为人类大脑体积缩小是大脑适应社会发展的结果。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段"The last two million years of our evolution were marked by a nearly fourfold (四倍的) increase in brain volume. But a growing body of evidence suggests our brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They diminished in size sometime following the end of the last Ice Age.(在过去200万年的进化中，我们的脑容量增加了近四倍。但越来越多的证据表明，我们的大脑最近以一种意想不到的方式发生了变化：在上一个冰河时代结束后的某个时候，它们的体积缩小了)"结合文章主要介绍了关于人类大脑大小随着环境变化的研究以及背后的原因。可知，这篇文章的主旨是大脑大小随环境变化。故选D。
五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·深圳模拟）Short-form videolso known as Shorts, have gained great popularity, particularly on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels.　16． 　 However, there's a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children's brains.
The phenomenon known as "TikTok Brain" arises from the app's short and addictive videos. Similar to candy, these videos generate rapid dopamine (多巴胺) releases, stimulating the brain's pleasure center. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.　17． 　 They stimulated the brain's reward centers more intensely than random videos.
Our brains process visual information faster than text, which explains why videos tend to outperform text-based content online. Due to their underdeveloped reading skills, children are more easily to become addicted to visual stimuli. Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.　18． 　
According to Jessica Griffin, a professor of child psychology, Shorts affect the developing brains of children and teenagers. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.　19． 　 This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.
In conclusion, the constant exposure to fast-paced and stimulating content in Shorts can impact children's attention. To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.　20． 　 Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle.
A. Some even do not include text at all.
B. TikTok's feed is created addictive by design.
C. But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.
D. It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.
E. Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.
F. It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.
G. They're brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.
【答案】16．G；17．F；18．E；19．C；20．D
【知识点】七选五；社会文化类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了短视频对儿童和青少年大脑发展的影响。
备选项的中文意思：
A. 有些甚至根本不包含文字内容。
B. TikTok 的推送内容在设计上就容易让人上瘾。
C. 但它要到 25 岁左右才会完全成熟。
D. 使用屏幕时间管理工具来管理短视频是有帮助的。
E. 短期记忆和集中注意力的能力会受到影响。
F. 研究揭示，这些视频是经过个性化筛选后推送给用户的。
G. 它们是简短且引人注意的视频，既有趣又容易让人上瘾。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题技巧如下：1. 看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。2. 首先快速浏览一遍几个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。4. 看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。5. 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。6. 做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。
16．根据下文"However, there's a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children's brains.(然而，越来越多的人担心看太多短片会影响孩子的大脑)"中"However"可知，上下文有转折关系，下文讲短视频的问题：会影响孩子的大脑"，G项"They're brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.(它们是简短且引人注意的视频，既有趣又容易让人上瘾。)"讲短视频的魅力，与下文构成转折关系。故选G。
17．上文"A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.(一项研究调查了短视频对青少年大脑的影响)"提到一个关于短视频对青少年大脑的影响的研究，F项"It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.( 研究揭示，这些视频是经过个性化筛选后推送给用户的。)"承接上文，说明研究的结果，句中"It"指代上文"A study"，上下文语意连贯。故选F。
18．上文"Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.(值得注意的是，社交媒体平台可能会对年轻用户阅读习惯的养成造成很大伤害)"指出社交媒体平台对阅读习惯的养成的影响，E项"Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.(短期记忆和集中注意力的能力会受到影响。)"承接上文，说明其具体影响：影响短期记忆和集中注意力的能力，上下文语意连贯。故选E。
19．下文"This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.(这种延迟发育使年轻人更容易受到short的影响)"中提到"This delayed development"，根据指代关系，上文会明确其指代的具体内容，C项"But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.(但它要到 25 岁左右才会完全成熟。)"和上文"The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.(前额叶皮层负责注意力、自我控制、记忆和学习灵活性)"告知，下文的"延迟发育"指的是"前额叶皮层的延迟发育"。故选C。
20．上文"To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.(为了解决这个问题，父母可以和他们的孩子就潜在的风险进行开诚布公的交流)"提出解决问题的一个办法：父母和孩子进行交流。D项"It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.(使用屏幕时间管理工具来管理短视频是有帮助的。)"给出另一个办法，建议使用屏幕时间管理工具。下文"Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle.(此外，鼓励体育活动和户外活动对于发展平衡的生活方式也至关重要)"提出第三个建议：鼓励体育活动和户外活动。所以，D项与上下文构成并列关系，就如果解决问题给出切实可行的建议。故选D。
六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024·深圳模拟）My little niece was wandering through the garden in her home. Her father collected rare and precious plants, which he 21． with great care.
My niece was 22． by a plant full of blooming flowers. She approached it and admired its unique beauty. Suddenly she 23． that the plant was in a pile of filth(污秽). She could not put up with the 24． of dirt with such fantastic flowers.
She figured out a plan to clean the plant. She 25． the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its 26． in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away. She then placed the plant on a clean stone and went away, proud that she had done a great 27． .
Later her father came to the garden and noticed the uprooted plant, which had lain 28． in the baking sun. His little daughter ran over to 29． her achievement. "I have cleaned it, Daddy," she reported 30． .
The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant and told her that the filthy soil provided the best 31． to grow that plant. On hearing that, the girl felt guilty that the plant had suffered by her cleaning.
A great gardener mixes the 32． soil for each plant. 33． , God provides each of us with the best 34． required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth. But it may appear to be 35． and we may even complain to God about our difficulty.
21．A．attended to B．brought up C．looked out D．fed on
22．A．caught B．attacked C．attracted D．shocked
23．A．recalled B．recognized C．noticed D．concluded
24．A．shortage B．presence C．presentation D．composition
25．A．pulled B．picked C．held D．pushed
26．A．flowers B．roots C．leaves D．branches
27．A．project B．deal C．operation D．deed
28．A．boiling B．bathing C．breathing D．dying
29．A．confirm B．check C．exhibit D．assess
30．A．happily B．coldly C．fearfully D．patiently
31．A．shelter B．medicine C．agency D．medium
32．A．same B．right C．dirty D．loose
33．A．Moreover B．Similarly C．Rather D．Nevertheless
34．A．environment B．style C．neighborhood D．opportunity
35．A．invisible B．disorganized C．improper D．unpleasant
【答案】21．A；22．C；23．C；24．B；25．A；26．B；27．D；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．B；33．B；34．A；35．D
【知识点】名词辨析；形容词的词义辨析；动词的词义辨析；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小女孩好心办了坏事，在看到美丽的花长在污泥中后，她把花从泥土中拔起，清洗了根部的泥土，差点让花死掉，而父亲教育她污泥恰是种植这株植物的最佳培养基。上帝实际上也为我们每个人提供了最佳的精神成长环境，虽然有时这种环境并不令人愉快。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。
21．句意：她的父亲收集了很多珍贵的稀有植物，他非常细心地照料这些植物。A. attended to照料；B. brought up抚养；C. looked out小心；D. fed on以……为食。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词rare and prized plants作补充说明，先行词在从句中作空处谓语的宾语，再结合下文"with great care"可知，她的父亲应该是细心地照料这些珍贵的稀有植物。故选A。
22．句意：女孩被一株开满娇嫩花朵的植物所吸引。A. caught捕捉；B. attacked攻击；C. attracted吸引；D. shocked（使）震惊。根据下文"She approached it and admired its striking beauty."可知，女孩走过去欣赏这株美丽的植物，因此是被它吸引。故选C。
23．句意：突然，她注意到这株植物长在一堆污泥中。A. recalled回忆起；B. recognized辨认出；C. noticed注意到；D. concluded得出结论。根据下文"that the plant was in a pile of filth"可推知，植物长在一堆污泥中是女孩走近后注意到的情况。故选C。
24．句意：她不能容忍这样美丽的花上存在泥土。A. shortage缺少；B. presence存在；C. presentation展示；D. composition组成。根据上文"that the plant was in a pile of filth"可知，植物长在一堆污泥中，因此女孩是觉得花上不应该存在泥土。故选B。
25．句意：她用尽力气把植物从泥土里拔出来，用自来水冲洗根部，直到所有的泥土都被洗干净。A. pulled拔出；B. picked采，摘；C. held握着；D. pushed推。根据下文"the plant with all her might from the dirt"可推知，她是用尽力气把植物从泥土里拔出来。故选A。
26．句意：她用尽力气把植物从泥土里拔出来，用自来水冲洗根部，直到所有的泥土都被洗干净。A. flowers花；B. roots根；C. leaves叶子；D. branches树枝。根据上文"She ___5___ the plant with all her might from the dirt"和常识可知，从泥土里出来的植物根部会有泥土，因此是用自来水冲洗根部。故选B。
27．句意：然后，她把植物放在一块干净的石头上便离开了，她为自己做了一件好事而自豪。A. project项目；B. deal交易；C. operation操作；D. deed行为。根据上文"She___5___ the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its___6___ in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away."可知，女孩想办法清除了这株植物上的泥土，由此推之，她会觉得自己为植物做了件好事，do a good deed是固定短语，意为"做一件好事"。故选D。
28．句意：后来，她的父亲来到花园，发现了那棵被连根拔起的植物，它已经在烈日下奄奄一息了。A. boiling（使）沸腾；B. bathing洗澡；C. breathing呼吸；D. dying死亡。根据下文"The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant"可知，被连根拔起的植物在烈日下快死了。故选D。
29．句意：他的小女儿跑过来展示她的成就。A. confirm确认；B. check检查；C. exhibit展示；D. assess评估。根据上文"proud that she had done a great___7___"可知，女孩对自己做的事情感到很骄傲，因此会向父亲展示自己的成就。故选C。
30．句意："爸爸，我把它清理干净了。"她高兴地说。A. happily高兴地；B.coldly冷淡地；C. fearfully可怕地；D. patiently耐心地。根据上文"I have cleaned it, Daddy"可知，女孩认为自己清理了这株植物上的污泥，是做了正确的事情，却不知道自己犯了错误，因此是高兴地说话。故选A。
31．句意：父亲告诉她，她的处理方法几乎杀死了那株植物，并告诉她污秽的泥土是种植那株植物的最佳培养基。A. shelter庇护所；B. medicine药物；C. agency机构；D. medium培养基。根据上文"the filthy soil"和下文"to grow that plant"可推知，污秽的泥土应该是种植该植物的最佳培养基。故选D。
32．句意：一个好的园丁会为每种植物混合合适的土壤。A. same相同的；B. right合适的；C. dirty脏的；D. loose松的。根据上文"A great gardener"可推知，好的园丁熟知植物的习性，会为植物混合合适的土壤。故选B。
33．句意：同样，上帝也为我们每个人提供最佳的精神成长环境。A. Moreover此外；B. Similarly类似地；C. Rather相反地；D. Nevertheless然而。根据上文"A great gardener mixes the___12___ soil for each plant."和下文"God provides each of us with the best___14___ required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth."可知，作者从园丁培育植物谈到上帝培育人的精神成长，两者有相似之处，应用Similarly"类似地"来衔接。故选B。
34．句意：同样，上帝也为我们每个人提供最佳的精神成长环境。A. environment环境；B. style风格；C. neighbourhood街区；D. opportunity机会。根据上文"soil for each plant"可推知，此处是类比，土壤之于植物，正如环境之于人。故选A。
35．句意：但它可能看起来不愉快，我们甚至可能向上帝抱怨我们的困难。A. invisible看不见的；B. disorganized混乱的；C. improper不适当的；D. unpleasant不愉快的。根据下文"we may even complain to God about our difficulty"可知，我们可能会向上帝抱怨我们的困难，因此指它可能看起来不愉快。故选D。
七、第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·深圳模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the popularity of traditional hanfu clothing rises,more young entrepreneurs are embracing the opportunity　36． 　(introduce)this cultural heritage to a wider audience.
Yang Ting,　37． 　95s-bom entrepreneur (创业者)and her friend QiQi,　38． 　used to work as teachers,embarked on a new journey by opening a hanfu dressing and makeup boutique (时装精品小店)in the busy pedestrian street of the Grand Tang Dynasty Ever Bright City in Xi'an.
Yang explained that the process of dressing up in hanfu and having makeup done is not　39． 　(complicate). It begins with selecting the desired style of clothing, followed by　40． 　(consult)with makeup artists for the perfect look,which typically takes about an hour.
Since its opening in March 2023, their boutique　41． 　 (become)a hot spot, attracting hundreds of visitors　42． 　(day). The visitors, who gather to experience the charm of dressing up in ancient hanfu clothes,　43． 　(be)not only from different parts of China but also from countries such as South Korea, Japan, Russia, Nigeria, and Brazil.
Despite facing challenges in the early stages due to their lack　44． 　experience in operations.Yang and her co-partner kept on,gradually　45． 　(expand)their business.
Today,their hanfu dressing and makeup boutique has expanded 1o two stores,boasting a collection of nearly a thousand outfits.(Adapted from CHINADAJLY2024/04/11)
【答案】36．to introduce；37．a；38．who；39．complicated；40．consulting；41．has become；42．daily；43．are；44．in；45．expanding
【知识点】不定冠词；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；动词不定式；新闻报道类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文（新闻报道）。文章主要报道了关于年轻创业者杨婷和她的朋友琪琪在西安开设汉服梳妆打扮精品小店的故事，介绍了她们的业务内容、小店的发展情况以及吸引的游客群体等。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及动词不定式，冠词，定语从句，形容词，非谓语动词，时态，主谓一致，副词以及介词等多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。语法填空实用解题策略如下。一、分析句子结构。在面对语法填空题时，首先要做的是分析句子的结构。观察句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分，以及是否有从句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。通过理解句子结构，可以更好地把握填空处所需的词性和功能。二、确定词性变化。根据句子结构和语境，确定填空处所需的词性。然后，根据语法规则，考虑所需的词性是否需要进行变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。确保所填词汇在语法上与句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢记固定搭配。英语中存在大量的固定搭配和短语，这些搭配在语法填空题中经常出现。因此，需要牢记常见的固定搭配和短语，以便在解题时能够迅速识别并正确填空。四、注意时态语态。时态和语态是英语语法填空的重要考点。在解题时，要注意根据句子的语境和上下文，判断所需动词的时态和语态。同时，也要注意时态和语态的一致性，确保所填词汇与句子的时态和语态相符。五、理解上下文语境。语境对于语法填空题的解答至关重要。通过理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空处所需的词汇和语法结构。因此，在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的前后文，把握句子的整体意义，以便更好地填空。六、利用常识和逻辑。在某些情况下，可以利用常识和逻辑来解答语法填空题。例如，根据常识判断所填词汇是否符合常理，或者根据逻辑判断所填词汇是否与前后的句子内容相符合。通过利用常识和逻辑，可以更加准确地填空。
36．句意：随着传统汉服的流行度日益提升，越来越多的年轻创业者正抓住这一机遇，将这份文化遗产介绍给更广泛的受众。 introduce， 介绍/引进/提出/采用，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中作后置定语修饰名词opportunity，此处表示"做某事的机会"，the opportunity to do sth，固定搭配，符合语境，故空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to introduce。
37．句意：杨婷，一位95后创业者，与她的朋友琪琪（两人曾是教师）在西安大唐不夜城繁华的步行街上开设了一家汉服梳妆打扮精品小店，开启了一段新的旅程。此处泛指"一位95后创业者"，且空后95s以辅音音素发音开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
38．句意：杨婷，一位95后创业者，与她的朋友琪琪（两人曾是教师）在西安大唐不夜城繁华的步行街上开设了一家汉服梳妆打扮精品小店，开启了一段新的旅程。空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yang Ting and her friend QiQi，指人，且在非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
39．句意：杨婷解释说，穿上汉服并进行梳妆打扮的过程并不复杂。complicate， 使复杂化/使难懂/使卷入，动词。空处在句中做表语，空处表示"复杂的"，complicated，形容词，符合语境。故填complicated。
40．句意：它始于挑选心仪的服饰款式，随后是与化妆师沟通以打造出完美的妆容，整个过程通常需要大约一个小时。consult，咨询/请教/商量，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中做介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填consulting。
41．句意：自2023年3月开业以来，她们的小店已成为一个热门景点，每日吸引着数百名游客。become，变成，动词。空处为句子的谓语，根据句中时间状语since its opening in March 2023可知，谓语时态为现在完成时，结构为has/have+过去分词，根据主谓一致原则，主语their boutique为单数，故助动词应用has。故填has become。
42．句意：自2023年3月开业以来，她们的小店已成为一个热门景点，每日吸引着数百名游客。day，日子/天，可数名词。空处在句中作状语修饰动词attracting，空处表示"每日地"，daily，副词，符合语境。故填daily。
43．句意：这些游客聚集在此，是为了体验穿上古代汉服所带来的魅力。他们不仅来自中国的各个地区，还来自韩国、日本、俄罗斯、尼日利亚和巴西等国家。空处为主句的谓语，根据时态呼应原则以及 gather可知，主句谓语时态为一般现在时，根据主谓一致原则，主语the visitors为复数，故be动词应用are。故填are。
44．句意：尽管在初期阶段由于缺乏运营经验而面临挑战，但杨婷和她的合作伙伴坚持不懈，逐步扩大了她们的业务。此处表示"缺乏..."，lack in，固定短语，符合语境。故填in。
45．句意：尽管在初期阶段由于缺乏运营经验而面临挑战，但杨婷和她的合作伙伴坚持不懈，逐步扩大了她们的业务。expand，扩散/蔓延/扩展，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中作状语，此处表示由主句所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式做结果状语。故填expanding。
八、第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
46．（2024·深圳模拟）假定你是李华，上个月你们班在井冈山进行了五天的研学活动。请你给美国朋友 Simon 写一封邮件分享这次研学之旅，内容包括：
1.研学经历和见闻；
2.你的感想。
参考词汇：研学 learning trip
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Simon,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Do you have similar experience Looking forward to your story.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Simon,
I can't wait to share my recent adventure with you. Last month, our class embarked on a five-day learning trip to Jinggang Mountain. It was not more than just a journey but a profound history lesson and a spiritual awakening.
Upon walking through the lush forests, we visited the sites of historical battles and the humble living quarters of our revolutionary heroes. Each place we explored was a testament to their unwavering courage and dedication.
The highlight was meeting the descendants of these heroes. Their stories breathed life into the history books, making the sacrifices of the past vivid and real. It was humbling to stand in the places where history unfolded and to understand the true meaning of resilience and unity.
This trip was a reminder that our peace today is built upon the sacrifices of the past. I now appreciate the value of perseverance and the importance of our national heritage.
Do you have similar experience Looking forward to your story.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【知识点】文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份给美国朋友 Simon写信分享班级的井冈山研学之旅。写作背景：李华的班级于上个月在井冈山进行了五天的研学活动。内容包括：1. 阐述写作目的；2. 阐述研学经历和见闻；3. 阐述自己的感悟。注意：1. 时态为一般过去时；2.注意不要遗漏写作要点，详略得当，可适当拓展，突出写作重点；3. 注意语句表达规范流畅，逻辑正确，条理清晰，语义连贯；4. 不能使用真实的名称；5. 写作词数为80个左右。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使作文显得更有档次。【点评】本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。例如： It was not more than just a journey but a profound history lesson and a spiritual awakening. （运用了not...but...连接的并列结构）；Upon walking through the lush forests, we visited the sites of historical battles and the humble living quarters of our revolutionary heroes.（运用了介词短语做时间状语）； Each place we explored was a testament to their unwavering courage and dedication. （运用了省略了that/which引导的定语从句）；Their stories breathed life into the history books, making the sacrifices of the past vivid and real.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）； It was humbling to stand in the places where history unfolded and to understand the true meaning of resilience and unity. （运用了where引导的定语从句）； This trip was a reminder that our peace today is built upon the sacrifices of the past. （运用了that引导的同位语从句）。
九、第二节读后续写(满分25分)
47．（2024·深圳模拟）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
"No, little girl. You can't get in without the money." Jeffrey, the bus driver, told a little girl who wanted to get on the bus but only had a few pennies. She must have been around seven years old, and he wasn't in the mood to deal with unaccompanied children that day.
"Please, sir. I want to visit my grandmother," the little girl begged. "Then go ask your parents for the money and come back next time," Jeffrey replied and gestured with his hand for the girl to get out. She finally left the bus with her shoulders lowered. Jeffrey saw her sit down at the bus stop and drove off.
He finished his route and went home for the lunch, greeting his wife, Greta, and sitting down on the couch to rest. When he browsed his Facebook posts, an image caught his attention. A picture was shared of the little girl he had just turned away a few hours earlier. The word "Missing" was written on top of the image. He learned that the girl had disappeared a day ago, and her parents were desperately trying to find her.
"Dear! What have I done " he asked himself, standing up and going to the front door. When Greta asked where he was going, Jeffrey said, "Greta! Quick! Call 911 and this number," showing her the picture of the girl. "I saw this girl at a bus stop earlier, and I turned her away because she didn't have enough money. I'm going to find her, but please make those calls." Having told her where the bus stop was, he went out.
Jeffrey rushed to his car, speeding to the bus stop. Hopefully, the girl was smart enough to stay in one place. He couldn't believe how careless he had been earlier. She was a little girl all alone. As he drove to the bus stop, Jeffrey vowed to be more careful in the future, especially when it came to children.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Finally, Jeffrey saw a tiny figure sitting on the bench at the spot.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A few minutes later, the police and another car approached.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Finally, he saw a tiny figure sitting on the bench at the spot. Jeffery felt relieved and delighted to see the girl staying safe and sound. Trying to calm himself, Jeffery decided to talk to her gently. He inquired about her name and why she had left home. "I was going to Grandma's house. My mom wouldn't let me go." Sarah replied, swinging one of her feet and looking at the concrete floor. "Your parents are searching for you, and they'll be here soon," he assured her, and the little girl gave him a small smile.
A few minutes later, the police and another car approached them. A woman got out of the vehicle and rushed toward Sarah. The little girl got up and ran to her, yelling, "Mommy!" The police officers approached Jeffrey and he told them the entire story and how he regretted not letting her on the bus, so he came to find her. Sarah's parents thanked him for what he had done. From then on, Jeffrey helped anyone short on cash who got on his bus, and he always watched out for the kids that were alone because they needed someone like him to do the right job.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，该篇记叙文以人物为线索展开，讲述了公交车司机Jeffrey一开始拒绝让没有钱的小女孩上车，后来他在Facebook上看到女孩失踪的消息，意识到自己的错误并努力将她找回的故事。段落续写：由第一段首句内容"最后，他看见一个小小的身影坐在原地的长凳上。"可知，第一段可描写Jeffrey抵达公交站并发现小女孩仍然坐在那里的情形以及他对自己行为的反思。由第二段首句内容"几分钟后，警察和另一辆车靠近了他们。"可知，第二段可描写小女孩与她的父母团聚的感人瞬间，以及他们对Jeffrey的感谢及Jeffrey的变化。续写线索：车站看到小姑娘——感到欣慰——安慰小姑娘——女孩与父母团聚——女孩父母感谢——Jeffrey的变化。写作时要注意准确运用时态，上下文意思要连贯，符合句际间和段际间的逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇及句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型来提升文章的档次。【点评】1. 本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。 例如： Jeffery felt relieved and delighted to see the girl staying safe and sound. （运用了动词不定式做原因状语）；Trying to calm himself, Jeffery decided to talk to her gently. （运用了现在分词短语作状语）； He inquired about her name and why she had left home. （运用了why引导的宾语从句）； The police officers approached Jeffrey and he told them the entire story and how he regretted not letting her on the bus, so he came to find her. （运用了how引导的宾语从句）； Sarah's parents thanked him for what he had done. （运用了what引导的宾语从句）；From then on, Jeffrey helped anyone short on cash who got on his bus, and he always watched out for the kids that were alone because they needed someone like him to do the right job.（运用了who&that引导的定语从句以及because引导的原因状语从句）。
2. 读后续写步骤如下
（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，比如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生能做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词语拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性、语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生检查关键词语的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到字迹工整与清晰。
3. 在做此类试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停顿，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾；经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
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