资源简介 仁爱新版八上 单元语法同步讲义(学生版)Unit 5 Exploring Amazing Places第10讲:动词不定式 to do的用法语法考点概念:1. 动词不定式的基本构成是由“ ”构成,是非谓语动词的一种。这里的to 是不定式符号,本身没有词义,有时可以省略不要。2. 在句子中不能单独作谓语,也没有 和 的变化,其否定结构是“ ”3. 在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语等。【考点01】动词不定式在句子中的功能:功能 用法 例句作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置。 常见句型结构: ① 对某人来说做某事是......的 ② 做某事花费某人多长时间 独自在这儿游泳很危险。 他花费了一个小时完成作业。作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 我决定去大理旅游。作宾语 补足语 在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词hear, see, watch等后面,省略 李老师让我们做练习。作状语 一般在句中作 状语 我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。作定语 常放在所修饰的 后面作后置定语 你有要做的事吗 作表语 常位于be动词后,通常是对系动词前面的名词进行解释说明。 结构: 我今天的工作是打扫房间。与疑问词构成不定式短语 “ ” 在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等 她真的不知道下一步该怎么办。【考点02】动词不定式的用法:1.后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的动词(短语):如: (开始), (选择), (决定), (尝试;努力), (希望), (期待;期望), (同意), (承诺;答应), (发生), (拒绝), (学习;学会), (似乎;好像), (自愿做;志愿), (失败;未能), (想要;喜欢), (想要), (询问;要求), (告诉;讲述), (允许), (警告), (鼓励), (强迫), (邀请), (教;教授), (建议), (尽某人最大努力)等。2.在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补,这时要省略to。这些词有:一感( )、二听( )、三让( )、四看( )。但变被动语态时,to要还原。3.在①为什么不做某事: ;②最好(不要)做某事: ;③让我们做某事: ,这三个结构中,动词不定式要省略 。如:①为什么不出去散步呢 ②你最好乘公共汽车去。4.在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词或名词后,构成“ ”结构。如:我发现解决这个问题很难。5.既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式的动词:(1)既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有: (喜欢), (爱;喜欢), (讨厌;憎恨), (开始), 等。如:你喜欢踢足球吗 (2)既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大的动词(短语)有:① 忘记做过某事(已做) 忘记去做某事(未做) ② 停止做某事 停下来去做(其他)某事③ 需要做某事(被动含义) 需要去做某事(主动含义)④ 尝试做某事 尽力做某事⑤ 意味着做某事 打算做某事 ⑥ 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)对做过的事感到后悔(已做)如:他停止看电视,开始读英语。他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下(看电视)去做作业。(二)同步练习一、写出下列汉语对应的词组。1. 想要做某事2. 拒绝做某事3. 忘记做某事4. 需要做某事5. 努力做某事6. 学习做某事7. 喜欢做某事8. 同意做某事9. 帮助做某事10. 希望做某事11. 决定做某事12. 开始做某事13. 建议做某事14. 建议做某事15. 要求做某事16. 尽某人的最大努力做某事二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Mary wants (be)an engineer when she grows up.Sam expects (see)the scary tigers in the zoo.Mona loves (watch) comedies very much.Don't forget (close)the windows when you leave.It seems to rain soon.I remember (put)my homework in my schoolbag last night. But I can't find it now.Where would you like (go),Shanghai or Beijing They decided (build)a new school in the village.My grandfather teaches me how (plant) vegetables.The students asked their teacher what (do) next.When they saw the teacher walk into the classroom, they stopped (talk) at once.Is it necessary (learn) a foreign language.Do you have anything (say) for yourself It's spring now. It's time (plant) trees.Let's (have) a rest, shall we The speaker spoke too quickly for us (understand).I really don't know what (do) next.You'd better (try) this medicine.I am free this afternoon. why not (go)shopping He is the last one (leave) the office everyday.20. They didn't help us (clean)the classroom yesterday.三、单项选择。( )1.I am ready ________ you with your English homework.A.help B.helping C.to help( )2.The students were all tired, but ________ of them stopped ________ a rest.all; to have B.no one; havingC.none; to have D.nobody; having( )3.Mr Li asks the students ________ in the river, because it’s too dangerous.A.to not swim B.not to swim C.to swim( )4.It’s windy and cold outside, so we decided ________ outside.A.to go B.not go C.not to go D.don’t go( )5.He practised as often as he could ________ his spoken English.A.improve B.improving C.to improve D.improved( )6. —Millie, I don’t know________. Can you give me some advice —Why not ________ this red shirt and that pair of jeans A.what to wear; to wear B.what to wear; wearC.how to wear; to wear D.how to wear; wear( )7. —What time will you go to Beijing by plane tomorrow —I haven’t got the ticket, so I don’t know ________to leave.A.what B.how C.where D.when( )8. —Do you have any plans for the coming new year —Yes. It’s necessary for us ________ resolutions for the Dragon Year of China.A.make B.making C.to make D.made( )9.It took my sister three hours ________ her book report.A.finish B.finishing C.to finish( )10.My mother offered ________ us to the museum.A.take B.to take C.taking( )11.Don’t forget _________ Lin Tao about the match when you meet him.A.tell B.to tell C.telling D.tells( )12.The purpose of the discussion is ________ children how to tell right from wrong.A.teaches B.teach C.to teaching D.to teach( )13.—Li Lei is the first ________ the finishing line.—How great he is!A.pass B.passing C.to pass( )14.Children are not allowed ________ in the hall.A.run B.ran C.to run D.running( )15.— What were you doing at 5:00 yesterday, Tim —I was making some signs________ around the school.to put up B. puts up C. putting up D. put up( )16. — It's so sad to think of pandas and other animals in danger.— Well, we can do what we can________ them.to protect B. protect C. protecting D. to protecting( )17.________ to take care of animals, he volunteered________ at the animal hospital on weekends.Learning; to work B. To learn; to workLearning; working D. To learn;working( )18. We can make a fire________the room warm so that we can sleep well.to keep B. keeping C. keep D. kept( )19. We’ d better wash hands before meals ________healthy.keep B. keeping C. to keeping D. to keep( )20. What are you going to do ________make your study a great success next term to help B. helping C. help D. helped( )21.You’ re expected ________silent when you’ re in the library.keeping B. to kept C. to keep D. to keeping( )22. New Year’ s Day is coming. It's a time ________resolutions.A. make B. to make C. finish D. to finish( )23. — Why do you look unhappy, Bob — My father promised ________me a new mobile phone today, but he forgot it.buy B. buying C. to buy( )24. The police warns the drivers ________slowly on snowy days.not drive B. to walk C. to drive( )25. My parents always expect me ________hard.to study B. study C. studying D. studied( )26. — Would you please tell me ________this computer — Yes. Let me show you.what to use B. how to use C. when to use D. who to use( )27. Don't forget ________the windows before you leave the classroom.to close B. closing C. closed D. close( )28. When he failed ________at a traffic light, he knew he broke the road rules.stopping B. to stopping C. stop D. to stop( )29. Our teachers often encourage us ________ hard, so we usually regard them ________ our friends easily.study; for B. to study; for C. study; as D. to study; as( )30. I'm not sure how ________to the party.goes B. going C. go D. to go四、读下面的这封信,并用所给单词的正确形式填空。Dear Li Wei,How are you I have some great news 1. (tell)you.Next month,I'm going to visit Mount Huangshan.I plan 2. (take)the train and 3. book)a train ticket and a hotel room online.But now I don't have enough money.In order 4. (not be)short of money,I'll take Xiao Ya's advice 5. (make)money by selling flowers.How will you spend your holiday I'm looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Lingling仁爱新版八上 单元语法同步讲义(教师版)Unit 5 Exploring Amazing Places第10讲:动词不定式 to do的用法语法考点概念:1. 动词不定式的基本构成是由“to+动词原形”构成,是非谓语动词的一种。这里的to 是不定式符号,本身没有词义,有时可以省略不要。2. 在句子中不能单独作谓语,也没有人称和数的变化,其否定结构是“not to do”3. 在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语等。【考点01】动词不定式在句子中的功能:功能 用法 例句作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置。 常见句型结构: ①It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.; 对某人来说做某事是......的 ②It takes (sb.)+时间段+to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 To swim here alone is very dangerous.= It ’s very dangerous to swim here alone. 独自在这儿游泳很危险。 It takes him one hour to finish the homework. 他花费了一个小时完成作业。作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 I decided to go on a trip to Dali. 我决定去大理旅游。作宾语 补足语 在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词hear, see, watch等后面,省略to Miss Li made us do Exercise. 李老师让我们做练习。作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 I get up early every morning to catch the early bus. 我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。作定语 常放在所修饰的名词或代词后面作后置定语 Do you have anything to do 你有要做的事吗 作表语 常位于be动词后,通常是对系动词前面的名词进行解释说明。 结构:be + to do My job today is to clean the room. 我今天的工作是打扫房间。与疑问词构成不定式短语 “疑问词+to do” 在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等 She really didn’t know what to do next. 她真的不知道下一步该怎么办。【考点02】动词不定式的用法:1.后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的动词(短语):如:begin/start(开始), choose(选择), decide(决定), try(尝试;努力), hope/wish(希望), expect(期待;期望), agree(同意),promise(承诺;答应), happen(发生), refuse(拒绝), learn(学习;学会), seem(似乎;好像), volunteer(自愿做;志愿), fail(失败;未能), (would)like/love(想要;喜欢), want(想要), ask(询问;要求), tell(告诉;讲述), allow(允许), warn(警告), encourage(鼓励), force(强迫), invite(邀请), teach(教;教授), advise(建议), try one’s best(尽某人最大努力)等。2.在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补,这时要省略to。这些词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(observe, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,to要还原。3.在①为什么不做某事:Why not+动词原形 ;②最好(不要)做某事:had better (not)+动词原形;③让我们做某事:Let’s+动词原形,这三个结构中,动词不定式要省略to。如:①Why not go out for a walk 为什么不出去散步呢 ②You’d better go by bus.你最好乘公共汽车去。4.在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词或名词后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语(形容词/名词)+不定式(真正的宾语)”结构。如:I found it difficult to solve the problem.我发现解决这个问题很难。5.既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式的动词:(1)既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有:like(喜欢), love(爱;喜欢), hate(讨厌;憎恨), begin/start(开始), 等。如:Do you like playing/to play football 你喜欢踢足球吗 (2)既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大的动词(短语)有:①forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) ②stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做(其他)某事③need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义) need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)④try doing sth. 尝试做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事⑤mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事 ⑥regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)如:He stopped watching TV and began to read English.他停止看电视,开始读英语。He watched TV for an hour. At 8:00 he stopped to do his homework.他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下(看电视)去做作业。(二)同步练习一、写出下列汉语对应的词组。1.want/would like to do sth想要做某事2.refuse to do sth拒绝做某事3.forget to do sth忘记做某事4.need to do sth 需要做某事5.try to do sth努力做某事6.learn to do sth学习做某事7.like to do sth喜欢做某事8.agree to do sth同意做某事9.help to do sth帮助做某事10.hope/wish to do sth希望做某事11.decide to do sth决定做某事12.begin/start to do sth开始做某事13.advise to do sth建议做某事14.choose to do sth建议做某事15.ask to do sth要求做某事16.try one’s best to do sth尽某人的最大努力做某事二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Mary wants to be (be)an engineer when she grows up.【解析】句意:玛丽长大后想成为一名工程师。“want to do sth.” 是固定搭配,意为 “想要做某事”,故填 to be。Sam expects to see (see)the scary tigers in the zoo.【解析】句意:萨姆期待在动物园里看到吓人的老虎。“expect to do sth.” 表示 “期待做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填 to see。Mona loves to watch / watching (watch) comedies very much.【解析】句意:莫娜非常喜欢看喜剧。“love to do sth.” 或 “love doing sth.” 均表示 “喜欢做某事”,前者侧重一次性动作,后者侧重习惯性动作,此处均可,故填 to watch 或 watching。Don't forget to close (close)the windows when you leave.It seems to rain soon.【解析】句意:离开时别忘了关窗户,好像很快要下雨了。“forget to do sth.” 指 “忘记去做某事(未做)”,符合 “未关窗” 的语境,故填 to close。I remember putting (put)my homework in my schoolbag last night. But I can't find it now.【解析】句意:我记得昨晚把作业放进书包了,但现在找不到了。“remember doing sth.” 表示 “记得做过某事(已做)”,符合 “昨晚已放” 的语境,故填 putting。Where would you like to go (go),Shanghai or Beijing 【解析】句意:你想去哪里,上海还是北京?“would like to do sth.” 是固定句型,意为 “想要做某事”,故填 to go。They decided to build (build)a new school in the village.【解析】句意:他们决定在村子里建一所新学校。“decide to do sth.” 表示 “决定做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填 to build。My grandfather teaches me how to plant (plant) vegetables.【解析】句意:爷爷教我如何种蔬菜。“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语,“how to plant” 表示 “如何种植”,故填 to plant。The students asked their teacher what to do (do) next.【解析】句意:学生们问老师接下来做什么。“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语,“what to do” 表示 “做什么”,故填 to do。When they saw the teacher walk into the classroom, they stopped talking (talk) at once.【解析】句意:当他们看到老师走进教室时,立刻停止了说话。“stop doing sth.” 指 “停止正在做的事”,符合 “停止说话” 的语境,故填 talking。Is it necessary to learn(learn) a foreign language.【解析】句意:学一门外语有必要吗?“It's necessary to do sth.” 是固定句型,意为 “做某事是必要的”,不定式作真正主语,故填 to learn。Do you have anything to say(say) for yourself 【解析】句意:你有什么要为自己说的吗?不定式 “to say” 作后置定语,修饰不定代词 “anything”,表示 “要说的事情”,故填 to say。It's spring now. It's time to plant(plant) trees.【解析】句意:现在是春天,到种树的时候了。“It's time to do sth.” 是固定句型,意为 “到做某事的时间了”,故填 to plant。Let's have(have) a rest, shall we 【解析】句意:我们休息一下,好吗?“Let's do sth.” 是祈使句结构,意为 “让我们做某事”,动词用原形,故填 have。The speaker spoke too quickly for us to understand(understand).【解析】句意:演讲者说得太快,我们听不懂。“too...for sb. to do sth.” 表示 “太…… 以至于某人不能做某事”,不定式作结果状语,故填 to understand。I really don't know what to do(do) next.【解析】句意:我真的不知道接下来做什么。“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语,“what to do” 表示 “做什么”,故填 to do。You'd better try(try) this medicine.【解析】句意:你最好试试这种药。“had better do sth.” 是固定搭配,意为 “最好做某事”,动词用原形,故填 try。I am free this afternoon. why not go(go)shopping 【解析】句意:我今天下午有空,为什么不去购物呢?“why not do sth.” 用于提建议,意为 “为什么不做某事呢”,动词用原形,故填 go。He is the last one to leave(leave) the office everyday.【解析】句意:他每天都是最后一个离开办公室的人。不定式 “to leave” 作后置定语,修饰 “the last one”,表示 “最后一个要做…… 的人”,故填 to leave。20. They didn't help us clean / to clean(clean)the classroom yesterday.【解析】句意:他们昨天没帮我们打扫教室。“help sb. (to) do sth.” 表示 “帮助某人做某事”,to 可省略,故填 clean 或 to clean。三、单项选择。( C )1.I am ready ________ you with your English homework.A.help B.helping C.to help【解析】句意:我很乐意帮助你完成英语作业。考查非谓语动词。be ready to do sth“乐意做某事”,为固定短语。故选C。( C )2.The students were all tired, but ________ of them stopped ________ a rest.all; to have B.no one; havingC.none; to have D.nobody; having【解析】句意:学生们都很累,但没有一个人停下来去休息。考查不定代词和动词不定式。all“全部”;no one“没有人”,不与of连用;none“没有人或物”,可以与of连用;nobody“没有人”,不与of连用。第一空后有of,用none;stop to do指停下来去做另外一件事情,stop doing指停止做某事,此处指停下来去休息,故填to have。故选C。( B )3.Mr Li asks the students ________ in the river, because it’s too dangerous.A.to not swim B.not to swim C.to swim【解析】句意:李老师叫学生们不要在河里游泳,因为太危险了。考查非谓语动词。根据“because it’s too dangerous.”可知在河里游泳太危险了,所以是不让学生去,用结构ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。故选B。( C )4.It’s windy and cold outside, so we decided ________ outside.A.to go B.not go C.not to go D.don’t go【解析】句意:外面刮风又冷,所以我们决定不出去。考查非谓语动词。decide (not) to do sth.意为“决定(不)做某事”,固定搭配,可知空格处用带to的不定式。根据“it’s windy and cold outside”可知,很冷,所以决定不出去,空格处的不定式应用否定形式。故选C。( C )5.He practised as often as he could ________ his spoken English.A.improve B.improving C.to improve D.improved【解析】句意:他尽可能经常练习来提高他的英语口语。考查非谓语动词。根据“his spoken English.”可知,他训练的目的是为了提高口语,故用动词不定式表达目的状语。故选C。( B )6. —Millie, I don’t know________. Can you give me some advice —Why not ________ this red shirt and that pair of jeans A.what to wear; to wear B.what to wear; wearC.how to wear; to wear D.how to wear; wear【解析】句意:——米莉,我不知道穿什么。你能给我一些建议吗?——为什么不穿这件红色的衬衫和那条牛仔裤呢?考查疑问词+不定式和固定搭配。what to wear穿什么;how to wear怎么穿。第一空根据“Why not…this red shirt and that pair of jeans ”可知,此处是询问穿什么衣服,应用what to wear;第二空why not do sth“为什么不做某事?”,应用动词原形wear。故选B。( D )7. —What time will you go to Beijing by plane tomorrow —I haven’t got the ticket, so I don’t know ________to leave.A.what B.how C.where D.when【解析】句意:——明天你将几点乘飞机去北京?——我还没买飞机票,所以我不知道什么时候离开。考查特殊疑问词辨析。what什么;how怎样;where在哪里;when什么时候。根据“What time will you go to Beijing by plane tomorrow ”及“I haven’t got the ticket”可知,此处应是说不知道离开的时间。故选D。( C )8. —Do you have any plans for the coming new year —Yes. It’s necessary for us ________ resolutions for the Dragon Year of China.A.make B.making C.to make D.made【解析】句意:——你对即将到来的新年有什么计划吗?——有的。我们有必要为中国的龙年立下决心。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”结构,意为“对于某人来说做某事是……的”,所以C项符合。故选C。( C )9.It took my sister three hours ________ her book report.A.finish B.finishing C.to finish【解析】句意:我妹妹花了3个小时完成她的读书报告。考查it句型。此处是It takes sb some time to do sth“花费某人时间做某事”,应用不定式作真正的主语。故选C。( B )10.My mother offered ________ us to the museum.A.take B.to take C.taking【解析】句意:我的妈妈主动提出带我们去博物馆。考查非谓语动词。offer to do sth.表示“主动提出做某事”。故选B。( B )11.Don’t forget _________ Lin Tao about the match when you meet him.A.tell B.to tell C.telling D.tells【解析】句意:见到林涛时,别忘了告诉他比赛的事。考查非谓语动词。根据“Lin Tao about the match when you meet him.”可知,考查forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”,表示“事情还未做”,应该填“to tell”。故选B。( D )12.The purpose of the discussion is ________ children how to tell right from wrong.A.teaches B.teach C.to teaching D.to teach【详解】句意:讨论的目的是教孩子们如何明辨是非。考查非谓语动词。根据“The purpose of the discussion is...”可知讨论的目的是教孩子们如何明辨是非,故此处用动词不定式作表语。故选D。( C )13.—Li Lei is the first ________ the finishing line.—How great he is!A.pass B.passing C.to pass【解析】句意:——李雷是第一个通过终点线的人。——他真棒啊!考查非谓语动词。根据“the first...”可知此处用动词不定式作定语。故选C。( C )14.Children are not allowed ________ in the hall.A.run B.ran C.to run D.running【解析】句意:孩子们不被允许在大厅里跑。考查非谓语动词。根据短语be not allowed to do sth.“不被允许做某事”可知,空格处应用动词不定式to run。故选C。( A )15.— What were you doing at 5:00 yesterday, Tim —I was making some signs________ around the school.to put up B. puts up C. putting up D. put up【解析】句意:—— 蒂姆,昨天 5 点你在做什么?—— 我在制作一些指示牌,准备在学校周围张贴。考查非谓语动词。句中 “制作指示牌” 的目的是 “张贴”,需要用不定式 to put up 作目的状语,说明动作的目的。B 是动词第三人称单数形式,不符合语境;C 是现在分词,通常表伴随动作;D 是动词原形或过去式,此处不表示目的。故选 A。( A )16. — It's so sad to think of pandas and other animals in danger.— Well, we can do what we can________ them.to protect B. protect C. protecting D. to protecting【解析】句意:—— 想到熊猫和其他濒危动物真让人难过。—— 嗯,我们可以做我们能做的来保护它们。考查非谓语动词。“做我们能做的” 的目的是 “保护它们”,需用不定式 to protect 作目的状语,表动作的目的。B 是动词原形,不能直接接在句末表目的;C 是现在分词,表伴随;D 结构错误,不定式后接动词原形。故选 A。( B )17.________ to take care of animals, he volunteered________ at the animal hospital on weekends.Learning; to work B. To learn; to workLearning; working D. To learn;working【解析】句意:为了学习照顾动物,他自愿周末在动物医院工作。考查非谓语动词。第一个空,“学习照顾动物” 是 “自愿工作” 的目的,需用不定式 To learn 作目的状语;第二个空,volunteer to do sth. 是固定搭配,意为 “自愿做某事”,因此用 to work。A 中第一个空是现在分词(表伴随),不符合目的;C 和 D 中第二个空错误(volunteer 后接不定式)。故选 B。( A )18. We can make a fire________the room warm so that we can sleep well.to keep B. keeping C. keep D. kept【解析】句意:我们可以生火来保持房间温暖,这样我们就能睡个好觉。考查非谓语动词。“生火” 的目的是 “保持房间温暖”,需用不定式 to keep 作目的状语,说明动作的目的。B 是现在分词,表伴随或主动;C 是动词原形,不能直接接在句中表目的;D 是过去式,不符合语境。故选 A。( D )19. We’ d better wash hands before meals ________healthy.keep B. keeping C. to keeping D. to keep【解析】句意:我们最好饭前洗手来保持健康。考查非谓语动词。“洗手” 的目的是 “保持健康”,需用不定式 to keep 作目的状语。A 是动词原形,不能直接接在句中表目的;B 是现在分词,表伴随;C 结构错误(不定式后接动词原形)。故选 D。( A )20. What are you going to do ________make your study a great success next term to help B. helping C. help D. helped【解析】句意:为了帮助你的学习下学期取得巨大成功,你打算做什么?考查非谓语动词。句中 “做什么” 的目的是 “帮助学习成功”,需用不定式 to help 作目的状语。B 是现在分词,表伴随;C 是动词原形,不能直接接在句中表目的;D 是过去式,不符合语境。故选 A。( C )21.You’ re expected ________silent when you’ re in the library.keeping B. to kept C. to keep D. to keeping【解析】句意:当你在图书馆时,你被期望保持安静。考查非谓语动词。根据短语 be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事” 可知,空格处应用动词不定式 to keep。A 是现在分词,不符合搭配;B 中 to 后接过去式错误;D 中 to 后接动名词错误。故选 C。( B )22. New Year’ s Day is coming. It's a time ________resolutions.A. make B. to make C. finish D. to finish【解析】句意:新年快到了,是制定决心的时候了。考查非谓语动词。根据固定句型 It's a time to do sth.“是做某事的时候了” 可知,空格处应用动词不定式;结合句意 “制定决心”(make resolutions),而非 “完成决心”,因此用 to make。A 是动词原形,不符合句型;C、D 搭配或词义不符。故选 B。( C )23. — Why do you look unhappy, Bob — My father promised ________me a new mobile phone today, but he forgot it.buy B. buying C. to buy【解析】句意:—— 鲍勃,你为什么看起来不高兴?—— 我爸爸答应今天给我买一部新手机,但他忘了。考查非谓语动词。根据短语 promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”(表示动作未做)可知,空格处应用动词不定式 to buy。A 是动词原形,不符合搭配;B 是动名词,promise doing sth. 表示 “承诺做过某事”,与语境 “未做” 不符。故选 C。( C )24. The police warns the drivers ________slowly on snowy days.not drive B. to walk C. to drive【解析】句意:警察警告司机们在雪天慢点开车。考查非谓语动词。根据短语 warn sb. to do sth.“警告某人做某事” 可知,空格处应用动词不定式;结合句意 “慢点开车”(drive slowly),而非 “走路”,因此用 to drive。A 结构错误(应为 not to drive);B 词义不符。故选 C。( A )25. My parents always expect me ________hard.to study B. study C. studying D. studied【解析】句意:我的父母总是期望我努力学习。考查非谓语动词。根据短语 expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事” 可知,空格处应用动词不定式 to study。B 是动词原形,C 是动名词,D 是过去式,均不符合搭配。故选 A。( B )26. — Would you please tell me ________this computer — Yes. Let me show you.what to use B. how to use C. when to use D. who to use【解析】句意:—— 你能告诉我怎样使用这台电脑吗?—— 可以,我给你演示一下。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。根据答语 “我给你演示” 可知,问句是询问 “使用电脑的方式”,应用 how to use(怎样使用)。A 表示 “用什么”,C 表示 “何时用”,D 表示 “谁来用”,均与语境不符。故选 B。( A )27. Don't forget ________the windows before you leave the classroom.to close B. closing C. closed D. close【解析】句意:离开教室前别忘了关窗户。考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth. 表示 “忘记去做某事(动作未做)”,forget doing sth. 表示 “忘记做过某事(动作已做)”。结合句意 “离开前关窗”(动作未做),应用 to close。B 表示 “已关过”,与语境不符;C、D 不符合搭配。故选 A。( D )28. When he failed ________at a traffic light, he knew he broke the road rules.stopping B. to stopping C. stop D. to stop【解析】句意:当他在红绿灯处未能停车时,他知道自己违反了交通规则。考查非谓语动词。根据短语 fail to do sth.“未能做某事” 可知,空格处应用动词不定式 to stop。A 是动名词,B 结构错误,C 是动词原形,均不符合搭配。故选 D。( D )29. Our teachers often encourage us ________ hard, so we usually regard them ________ our friends easily.study; for B. to study; for C. study; as D. to study; as【解析】句意:我们的老师经常鼓励我们努力学习,所以我们通常很容易把他们当作朋友。考查非谓语动词及固定搭配。第一空:根据短语 encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”,应用 to study;第二空:根据短语 regard...as...“把…… 当作……”,应用 as。A、C 第一空错误;B 第二空搭配错误(应为 as)。故选 D。( D )30. I'm not sure how ________to the party.goes B. going C. go D. to go【解析】句意:我不确定怎样去派对。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。疑问词 how 后接不定式(to do)作宾语,构成 how to go “怎样去”。A 是第三人称单数形式,B 是动名词,C 是动词原形,均不符合结构。故选 D。四、读下面的这封信,并用所给单词的正确形式填空。Dear Li Wei,How are you I have some great news 1.to tell(tell)you.Next month,I'm going to visit Mount Huangshan.I plan 2.to take(take)the train and 3.book(book)a train ticket and a hotel room online.But now I don't have enough money.In order 4.not to be(not be)short of money,I'll take Xiao Ya's advice 5.to make(make)money by selling flowers.How will you spend your holiday I'm looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Lingling1.【解析】句意:我有一些好消息要告诉你。此处需用不定式作后置定语,修饰名词 “news”,表示 “要告诉的消息”,“tell” 用不定式形式 “to tell”。2.【解析】句意:我计划乘火车。“plan to do sth.” 是固定搭配,意为 “计划做某事”,不定式作宾语,故 “take” 用不定式 “to take”。3.【解析】句意:并且计划在网上订火车票和酒店房间。此处与前文 “plan to take the train” 构成并列关系,“plan to do sth.” 中不定式符号 “to” 可省略,故 “book” 用原形。4.【解析】句意:为了不缺钱。“in order to do sth.” 表示 “为了做某事”,否定形式为 “in order not to do sth.”,故填 “not to be”。5.【解析】句意:我会采纳小雅的建议,通过卖花赚钱。此处用不定式作目的状语,说明 “采纳建议” 的目的是 “赚钱”,故 “make” 用不定式 “to make”。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 仁爱新版八上 语法第10讲:动词不定式 to do的用法(学生版) .docx 仁爱新版八上 语法第10讲:动词不定式 to do的用法(教师版) .docx