资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
期末专项培优 科普知识
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2024秋 汶上县期末）People often say， '"You can't live only on air." But Chinese scientists can now tell you：Maybe you can.
Scientists from Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences succeeded in turning carbon dioxide （CO2），the terrible greenhouse gas，into starch（淀粉）.
Starch is the main part of the flour，rice and corn that we eat every day.It's
created by plants through sunshine.But according to the team's director Ma Yanhe，plants do this in a complex（复杂的）way，which takes about 60 steps．The new study，after six years of hard work，has found a simpler way to do this，with only 11 steps.
"Our study shows that creating compounds（化合物）like starch is possible in a lab，and there are many areas that can get a lot from this technology，Ma told China Daily.
The scientists first turned CO2 and hydrogen gas（H2）into methanol（甲醇）．Then they pieced these methanol molecules（分子）into bigger and more complex molecules.Finally the starch came out.
This way makes it possible to produce food in factories，taking the place of traditional farming.This will not only help make plenty of starchy crops such as potatoes，but also save water，land and so on.It may also help recycle CO2 to deal with weather change，according to China Daily.
The study can help astronauts too.Astronauts no longer need to worry about their food as they travel in space.They may simply turn the CO2 they breathe into the food they eat!
（1）Compared to the process used by plants，it's 　 　to make starch using CO2.
A．harder
B．easier
C．slower
D．more complex
（2）The starch is compounded in the order of 　 　.
①CO2
②methanol molecules
③starch
④hydrogen gas（H2）
⑤complex molecules
A． B． C． D．
（3）How does the new finding help us？ 　 　
a.It helps protect our environment.
b.It helps save natural wealth.
c.It deals with the food problems of astronauts.
d.It helps people have healthy eating habits.
A．abc
B．abd
C．acd
D．bcd
（4）What's the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A．Astronauts' Food
B．Environmental Protection
C．The Air You Can Eat
D．Complex Way of Food Production
2．（2024秋 南昌期末）The Eiffel Tower in Paris，France，is one of the most famous buildings in the world.But although it's widely known to the world，the tower has some secrets.
①______
If you were in control of building the Eiffel Tower，where else would you live？Gustave Eiffel，who designed （设计） the tower，built himself a small apartment on the top level of the tower.Only a few VIPs were allowed to visit，such as superstar scientist Thomas Edison.Unused since the 1920s after Eiffel's death，few knew about the apartment until 2015 when it opened for public visiting.
②______
The top of the Eiffel Tower seems like the perfect place to study stars and weather.No wonder Eiffel set up two small laboratories on the third level where scientists studying the stars and weather could work.Eiffel carried out his own research as well.To learn more about how objects move against air，he dropped objects on ropes from the second level of the tower （about 380 feet above ground）and observed how they fell.
③______
Maybe the Eiffel Tower should be renamed the Eco Tower.In 2015 workers gave the Iron Lady an environmentally friendly change by setting up two wind turbines（风力发电机） on the second level of the tower.They could turn wind into electricity for the tower's shops and restaurants.A system was also set up to collect and lead rainwater into the tower's toilets.
④______
Some people visit the Eiffel Tower for the view （风景）.Others come for more exciting activities.Soon after the tower was completed in 1898，a man walked up 704 of the tower's steps on stilts（高跷）.In 1952，three artists swung 400 feet above ground from ropes without protection.And in 2010，a man skated off a raised surface set up under the tower's first level down a 90﹣foot﹣tall ramp（斜坡） to the ground.
（1）Match the title with the correct part. 　 　
a.Calling the brave
b.Going green
c.Hidden apartment
d.Sky laboratornes
A. ①﹣a； ②﹣c； ③﹣d； ④﹣b
B. ①﹣c； ②﹣a； ③﹣b； ④﹣d
C. ①﹣a； ②﹣d； ③﹣b； ④﹣c
D. ①﹣c； ②﹣d； ③﹣b； ④﹣a
（2）What can we learn about Gustave Eiffel from the passage？ 　 　
A.He was in control of building the Eiffel Tower.
B.He met Thomas Edison in his apartment in 1920s.
C.He had an apartment on the second level the Eiffel Tower.
D.He studied stars and weather in a laboratory on the Eiffel Tower.
（3）What does the underlined word "observed" most probably mean？ 　 　
A.Thought wisely.
B.Watched carefully.
C.Spread widely.
D.Support strongly.
（4）What is the passage mainly talking about？ 　 　
A.The history of the Eiffel Tower.
B.The view of the Eiffel Tower.
C.The secrets about the Eiffel Tower.
D.The famous people visiting the Eiffel Tower.
3．（2024秋 永川区期末）①Technology has brought ancient poets "back to life".At the World Robot Conference 2023 in late August in Beijing，there were two robots that looked like the Chinese poets Li Bai and Du Fu.While Li Bai was holding up a cup of wine，Du Fu was sitting at a desk writing.
②These are called bionic （仿生的） robots.The robot's skin is usually made of silicone（硅胶），The robot's skin is very soft.You can even see veins （血管） under the skin.
③Another human﹣like robot also attracted attention recently.It was created by US company Apptronik.Named Apollo，the robot's head has cameras and sensors （传感器） inside.
④The sensors can help the robot make simple movements，such as walking and waving （挥手）.They also help the robot keep balance when walking on unstable （不稳定的） surfaces.
⑤The robot also has cameras inside to help it map out a 360﹣degree view （景象） of its environment.
⑥Nowadays，Bionic human﹣like robots can "strike a chord （引起共鸣） with people，" a US robotics scientist Marc Raibert told New Yorker.They mostly work with humans，as tour guides or by helping visitors at front desks.There are also robots that share the work of nurses，such as handing out medicine.This could be because people are comfortable living and working with machines that look and act like them.
⑦Technology has brought us great changes.As more human﹣like robots come out，safety will be the key according to the Robot Report website.When a 70﹣kilogram robot breaks down and falls，humans nearby may get hurt.
（1）When was the World Robot Conference 2023 held in Beijing？ 　 　
A.In early August.
B.In early September.
C.In late August.
D.In late September.
（2）What can Apollo do with built﹣in sensors from the passage？ 　 　
A.Listen better.
B.Walk on unstable surfaces.
C.Know your feelings.
D.Smile at humans.
（3）According to the Robot Report website，for human﹣like robots what do people worry about？ 　 　
A.The human﹣like robots may talk with humans.
B.The human﹣like robots look scary.
C.The human﹣like robots may cause some problems.
D.The human﹣like robots may show their emotions.
（4）What is the structure of the passage？ 　 　
A. ①/ ②③④/ ⑤⑥/ ⑦
B. ①/ ②/ ③④⑤/ ⑥⑦
C. ①②/ ③④⑤/ ⑥/ ⑦
D. ①②/ ③④/ ⑤/ ⑥⑦
4．（2024秋 自贡期末）Palm oil（棕榈油）is used in a lot of food and everyday things.It is also in beauty products.However，making palm oil is bad for the environment because of deforestation.
A team of researchers in Scotland believe they have found another material to replace palm oil.The scientists have created a plant﹣based oil that is better for nature and for our health.Their new PALM﹣ALT product is 70 percent better for the environment.It is more friendly to the environment and it is also healthier than palm oil，with 80 percent less saturated（饱和的）fat and 30 percent fewer calories（卡路里）.
The researchers believe PALM﹣ALT could change how things are made.Around half of all the food and beauty products we buy has palm oil in it.The use of palm oil is growing，so more trees have to be cut down in countries close to the equator.However，PALM﹣ALT is made from the linseed（亚麻籽）flower and rapeseed（油菜籽）oil.A researcher spoke to the BBC about PALM﹣ALT.She called it the"holy grail".She said，"We've put it through some special testing to see if people can tell the difference between our product and traditional palm oil，and they can't."She is hoping businesses will start using PALM﹣ALT instead of regular palm oil.
（1）What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 2 refer to？ 　 　
A.PALM﹣ALT.
B.Palm oil.
C.Rapeseed.
（2）What does the underlined word "deforestation" mean？ 　 　
A.The act of planting trees.
B.The act of polluting land.
C.The act of cutting down trees.
（3）In which country are palm trees being cut down？ 　 　
A.America.
B.Thailand.
C.Canada.
（4）What can we know from the passage？ 　 　
A.PALM﹣ALT is made from palm trees.
B.PALM﹣ALT can't change how things are made.
C.PALM﹣ALT will be better than palm oil in many ways.
5．（2024秋 锦江区期末）
a.The Nobel Prize in Medicine Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize for their groundbreaking findings on mRNA.They helped the fast development of the mRNA vaccine（疫苗） during the COVID﹣19，saving millions of lives.The technology could also be used to develop vaccines against other illnesses. b.Keeping Records of Birds Chinese researchers have started to use the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System （北斗卫星导航系统）to help record the information during birds' flight. They tie a small positioning equipment to a bird.It can better record where the birds go and rest，and information about how they fly，such as their flight speed.
c.Quiet Carriages on High﹣speed Trains Some high﹣speed rail lines have introduced quiet carriage services.In a quiet carriage，passengers aren't allowed to put their phones，notebook computers or iPads on speaker.If they have to make a phone call，they must first go to the hallway to do so.Quiet carriage riders also need to make sure that their children are well﹣behaved to avoid troubling others. d. ▲ The technology "AI" is set to make a big difference to the future.And it has been named the most popular word of 2023 by the dictionary publisher Collins. AI was chosen because it "has developed at such a fast speed and become the main conversation of 2023"，the publisher said.
（1）Which of the blanks can be filled with the underlined word "groundbreaking" in passage a？ 　 　
A.The speech was so _____that many people fell asleep.
B.She has lived a _____life since she lost her parents in an accident.
C.The company's _____ products have changed the lives of the deaf.
（2）What are passengers allowed to do in a quiet carriage？ 　 　
A
B.
C.
（3）What is the best title for▲？ 　 　
A."AI" Making a Big Difference to the Future
B."AI" Named Most Popular Word of 2023
C."AI" Developing at a Fast Speed
（4）Which of the following questions ISN'T answered in the passages？ 　 　
A.Why did Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman win the Nobel Prize？
B.How can the Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System help with bird record？
C.What influences can the new technology ﹣﹣"AI" bring us？
（5）What's the theme shared by all the passages？ 　 　
A.Unexpected scientific discoveries.
B.Social development and progress.
C.International problems and efforts.
6．（2024秋 锦江区期末）Is there a connection between music and language？According to recent studies，the answer is yes.Here，let's look at the following two.
Music and Hearing
A recent study by researcher Nina Kraus shows that playing a musical instrument can make a person's hearing ability become better.In the study，two groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy room.The people in the first group were musicians，while those in the second group weren't.The musicians were able to hear the talking person more clearly.
Think about violinists in a show.When they play with the group，they hear their own instrument and many others，too.But the violinists must listen closely to what they are playing，and leave out the other sounds.In this way，musicians are able to focus on certain sounds，even in a room with lots of noise.
Music and Speaking
Gottfried Schlaug，a doctor at Harvard Medical School，works with stroke（中风）patients.Because of their illness，these people cannot say their names，addresses，or other information normally.However，they can still sing.Dr.Schlaug was surprised to find that singing words helped his patients to finally speak.Why does this work？Schlaug isn't sure.Music seems to help patients to use the brain again.
From the results，we can know that music is a good influence on concentration，the ability to focus on one thing.It works on listening and speaking skills as well.Playing an instrument or singing can help us do better in school as well.So music is not only enjoyable，it's also good for us in many other ways.
（1）Which two groups of people took part in Nina Kraus' study？ 　 　
A.Noisy people and quiet people.
B.Musicians and non﹣musicians.
C.Violinists and other musicians.
（2）Why are the violinists mentioned（提及） in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.To describe what they did in a show.
B.To show how important they are in the study.
C.To better explain why musicians hear more clearly.
（3）How does Gottfried Schlaug help stroke patients speak？ 　 　
A.By playing music for them.
B.By asking them to sing words.
C.By getting them to play an instrument.
（4）What's the passage mainly about？ 　 　
A.Music makes people listen carefully and hear well.
B.Music can be well used in medical research.
C.Music helps with people's language abilities.
（5）In which magazine might we read this passage？ 　 　
A.
B.
C.
7．（2024秋 通川区期末）Technology has brought ancient poets"back to life".At the World Robot Conference 2023 in late August in Beijing，there were two robots that looked like the Chinese poets Li Bai and Du Fu.
While Li Bai was holding up a cup of wine，Du Fu was sitting at a desk，writing.These are called bionic（仿生的） robots.The robot's skin is usually made of silicone（硅胶），CGTN explained in a video about Liaoning﹣based producer EXROBOTS.The robot's skin is very soft.You can even see veins（血管） under the skin.
Another human﹣like robot also attracted attention recently.It was created by US company Apptronik.Named Apollo，it has around 30 muscles（肌肉）.For now，the robot can only make simple movements，such as walking and waving（挥手）.The robot's head has cameras and sensors （传感器） inside.They can help it map out a 360﹣degree view（景象） of its environment.They also help the robot keep balance（平衡） when walking on unstable（不稳定的） surfaces.
Nowadays，bionic human﹣like robots mostly work with humans，such as by being tour guides or helping visitors at front desks.This could be because people are comfortable living and working with machines that look and act like them.They can "strike a chord（引起共鸣） with people， "a US robotics scientist Mare Raibert told New Yorker.
As more human﹣like robots come out，safety will be the key，according to the Robot Report website.When a 70﹣kilogram robot breaks down and falls，humans nearby may get hurt.
（1）What does "brought ancient poets 'back to life" mean in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.Technology can make ancient poets come back to life.
B.The robots looked and acted like real ancient poets.
C.Visitors can experience real ancient life with new technology.
D.The robots can create better poems than poets.
（2）The skin of robots made by EXROBOTS shows 　 　.
A.how human﹣like their robots are
B.how soft the robot's skin is
C.what the robot's skin is made from
D.how different it is from other robots
（3）What can Apollo do with built﹣in sensors？ 　 　
A.Wave at humans.
B.Walk stably.
C.Know human faces.
D.Draw attention.
（4）In which situation can bionic robots help you now？ 　 　
A.When you want someone to repair your car.
B.When you want someone to travel with you.
C.When you don't want to do housework.
D.When you want to know the floor information of a building.
（5）What do people worry about with human﹣like robots？ 　 　
A.Users may fall in love with the robots.
B.Human﹣like robots look scary.
C.The robots' weight may cause problems.
D.The robots may get out of control.
8．（2024秋 东西湖区期末）Scientists who study happiness have evidence （证据） to show that being kind to others can result in happiness.Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person's mood（情绪），for example.Everyday life is full of chances for such actions，yet people do not always make the most use of them.
In studies，behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley and I examined a possible explanation：people who do kind acts underestimate （低估） how much the ones receiving kindness value their behavior.
In the experiments，about 1，000 people were asked to do some actions to make someone else feel good.We asked both the person performing the kind act and the one receiving it to answer some questions.The performers were asked to report their own experience and to guess how the receivers might feel.We wanted to understand how valuable people considered these acts to be，so both the performer and receiver had to rate （评分） how "big" the act seemed.In all cases，we compared the performer's expectations of the receiver's mood with the receiver's actual experience.
For one，both performers and receivers experienced more positive moods.For another，the receivers felt much better than the kind performers expected.The receivers also rated these acts as "bigger" than the people performing them did.
At first，we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people，such as friends，classmates or family.But we found that performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers as well.In one experiment，performers in a public park gave away hot chocolate on a cold winter's day to people that just happened to be nearby.Again，the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.
These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for.Considering these warm actions can improve our own mood and brighten the day of another person，why not choose kindness when we can？
（1）In the experiments，the performers did the following things EXCEPT that 　 　.
A.they reported their own experience
B.they guessed the receivers' feelings
C.they rated how valuable their acts of kindness were
D.they compared the receivers' expectations with their actual results
（2）The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 1 refers to 　 　.
A.simple acts of kindness
B.chances for being kind
C.scientists who study happiness
D.possible explanations for kind acts
（3）What is Paragraph 5 mainly about？ 　 　
A.Different purposes of the research.
B.Another explanation of the research methods.
C.Possible influences of the research findings.
D.More evidence for the research results.
（4）The studies and experiments show that 　 　.
A.kindness can have far more positive influences than expected
B.performing kindness produces as much happiness as expected
C.receiving kindness is more difficult than expected
D.performing kindness is more important than receiving it
（5）The passage is probably written to 　 　.
A.introduce a successful study
B.encourage people to show kindness to others
C.call on people to be a receiver rather than a performer
D.enable more people to enjoy the kindness
9．（2024秋 市南区期末）
Sleep like a giraffe
What's your favorite sleeping position？On your back？On your side？How about standing up？Unless you happen to be a giraffe，I'd never have thought anyone would choose the last one.But now thanks to a Japanese company，it could actually be a real competitor.
Giraffenap is invented to allow the user to take a rest while standing when he/she feels tired or sleepy with the purpose of improving performance at work.In an introduction to the nap（小睡） box，the company says that it will allow the user to be refreshed（恢复精神的） in just 20 minutes.
But why does it have to be standing？The company explains that studies have shown that sleeping while standing allows people to reach a sleep state in which they breathe easily.When they wake up，they can feel the influence of a nap without having to sleep too much.And they can quickly return to work without feeling dizzy（头景目眩的）.Also，making the box stand upright means that it takes up half as much floor space. Now，I know what you're thinking—wouldn't a person just fall down if he tried to sleep while standing？Of course not.
Inside the box are four points to support the body—head，buttocks（臀），legs and feet.That means he can rest his arms，legs and head in the box while still remaining upright.Giraffenap has been made in two different styles.They're expected to go on sale at the end of next year.So when that time comes，I hope you'll try sleeping standing up—just like giraffes do.
（1）Giraffenap was designed with the purpose of 　 　.
A.taking naps when tired or sleepy
B.improving work performance
C.feeling refreshed in just 20 minutes
D.returning to work without feeling dizzy
（2）Why does the company recommend（推荐） standing up to take a nap？ 　 　
A.It takes up more floor space.
B.It helps users fall asleep too much.
C.It's difficult for users to breathe easily.
D.It can help users feel refreshed in a short time.
（3）What does the company say about the napping box？ 　 　
A.It allows users to fall asleep﹣easily.
B.It saves floor space when not in use.
C.It provides four points of support for the head.
D.It will be available for sale at the end of next year.
（4）Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？ 　 　
A.The box's appearance.
B.The box's materials.
C.The box's use of space
D.The box 's sale date.
（5）The underlined sentence "Now，I know what you're thinking—wouldn't a person just fall down if he tried to sleep while standing？"suggests that 　 　.
A.people would fall down if they tried to sleep standing up
B.the author doubts if it is necessary to stand up to take a nap
C.people may care about the safety of taking a nap standing up
D.it is unnecessary to worry about falling down while standing up to sleep
10．（2024秋 修水县期末）AI is becoming more popular these days，used for almost everything.But can it be as funny as a human？And if it can，will it take the place of comedy writers in the future？This is something performers have been exploring（探索） at the 2023 Edinburgh Festival Fringe（爱丁堡边缘艺术节），which ran from August 4 to 28.
①______
Anyone could put on a show at the festival，and this year even robots joined it.One of the festival's big shows used a small robot to create jokes based on suggestions from the audience（观众），which were then performed by humans.While the results could be very funny，sometimes they weren't funny at all."That is an interesting part of the show，"said Piotr Mirowski，the show's co﹣maker.
Comedy's Last Laugh？
Comedian Pierre Novellie believes it will take a long time for AI to become good at creating comedy."Comedy is the last thing that AI is going to get near，"he told Sky News."Even human comedians have difficulty telling their jokes for the right people at the right time."
②______
However，Comedian Peter Bazely at the festival said he's using AI to create jokes for him because he's out of ideas."In today's world，many artists are worried that AI could end up doing their jobs for them，but I actually hope that AI will do exactly that one day."
③______
The reasons for people wanting to use AI are understandable（可理解的），but the dangers they bring to many people's jobs are becoming more and more real，and that's not very funny.From worries in schools and colleges about students using ChatGPT for their work，to writers and actors worrying that AI could be used to replace them，fears about the dangers of AI are a hot topic in the world.
（1）When could visitors experience the 2023 Edinburgh Festival Fringe？ 　 　
A.On July 4th.
B.On August 2nd.
C.On August 14th.
D.On August 29th.
（2）Who gave the small robot suggestions to create jokes at the festival？ 　 　
A.Audience.
B.Piotr Mirowski.
C.Pierre Novellie.
D.Peter Bazely.
（3）What might Pierre Novellie agree with？ 　 　
A.AI would never be good at creating comedies.
B.AI would certainly bring dangers to people's jobs.
C.AI would take place of comedy writers in the future.
D.There is a long way for AI to become good at creating comedies.
（4）How could AI help Peter Bazely according to the passage？ 　 　
A.By making him less stressed.
B.By coming up with new ideas.
C.By taking care of his everyday life.
D.By telling jokes for the right people.
（5）Match the title with each part. 　 　
a.AI as Comedy Partner.
b.Robots Join the Festival.
c.The Dangers of AI.
A.①﹣a，②﹣b，③﹣c
B.①﹣b，②﹣a，③﹣c
C.①﹣a，②﹣c，③﹣b
D.①﹣b，②﹣c，③﹣a
11．（2024秋 新晃县期末）We often think the Arctic（北极）only has snow and ice.But in fact，it has far more than that!The Arctic is on top of Earth.The Arctic Ocean makes up two﹣thirds of the Arctic，while one﹣third is made up of land in eight countries，including Russia，Canada，and America.
The Arctic lands have many various （不同的） lives.Some plants and animals can grow in very cold temperatures.In fact，the Arctic is home to more than 21，000 kinds of lives.There are whales，Arctic foxes and many more.The polar bear is the most famous Arctic animal.
You might think that the Arctic is too cold for people to live in.But surprisingly，there are about 4 million people living there.That's the same population as the city of Taiyuan in Shanxi，China.About 10 percent are local people.They have been there for thousands of years.They make living by fishing，hunting and so on.
A group of scientists recently came back from a one﹣year﹣long study in the Arctic.They have bad news：the Arctic is dying.The amount of Arctic sea ice is falling by around 3 percent every year.There will be no more ice during the summer in the near future.What does this mean for us？Many animals，such as polar bears，hunt for their food on the ice.If they can't do this anymore，they will die of hunger.Local people hunt animals for food.But since so many animals are dying，they need to change their way of life.
（1）Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.America.
B.Japan.
C.Canada.
（2）How do the local people of the Arctic make a living？ 　 　
A.By fishing and hunting.
B.By selling things.
C.By keeping animals.
（3）What can we know from the passage？ 　 　
A.The polar bear is the most famous Arctic animal.
B.All the animals in the Arctic will die of hunger.
C.The Arctic is so cold that no one lives there.
（4）What is this passage mainly about？ 　 　
A.The people in the Arctic.
B.The animals in the Arctic.
C.The lives in the Arctic.
12．（2024秋 廊坊期末）If music makes you smart and exercise helps you to think，surely exercising to music can turn you into a person who is better at learning and understanding.
A team of scientists from a university did research on 33 volunteers.They found that people who exercised while listening to Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi's The Four Seasons did much better in language ability test than without music.
The volunteers said they felt better after exercising with or without the music.But their improvement on the test doubled after listening to the music during exercise. "Exercise seems to cause great changes in the nervous system （神经系统） and have a direct result on learning ability，" said the scientist Charles Emery.Scientists have found that music can be good for health and education.It helps relieve stress，sadness and nervousness，wakes up the body and improves memory and thoughts.
Scientists have been using Mozart's music，especially his violin pieces，to help disabled children.Mozart is often chosen because his music is not over﹣exciting.A study showed students who often exercise to Mozart's music get higher marks.With important exams drawing near，your parents will not probably allow you to listen to music.But perhaps now you have good reasons to argue with them.
（1）What does the underlined word "relieve" mean？ 　 　
A．增加
B．升高
C．减少
D．下降
（2）How many great musicians are mentioned in the text？ 　 　
A．Two.
B．There.
C．Four.
D．Thirty﹣three.
（3）What does the last paragraph tell us？ 　 　
A．Students should not listen to music before exams.
B．Music may help students get higher grades in tests.
C．Children should follow their parents' words.
D．There is no reason for children to argue with parents.
（4）What can we know from the text？ 　 　
A．Mozart's music is not exciting.
B．Music usually makes people sleep well.
C．Exercise may influence learning ability.
D．Volunteers felt worse after exercising without music.
（5）Which is the best title for this text？ 　 　
A．Scientists listen to great music
B．Music and exercise lead to stress
C．Exercising to music makes you smarter
D．Volunteers listened to Mozart's violin pieces
13．（2024秋 桥西区期末）About one﹣third of a person's life is spent in sleep.Studies have shown that a good night's rest helps us stay healthy.Researchers say sleep is probably the best tool we have for memory and learning.
"Getting a good night's sleep is important for the learning and memory.It's important because it stores the training and learning exercises into our memory forever while we're sleeping 7﹣8 hours in bed.And then the next morning when we wake up，our mind is better prepared to act on that information，" Twery，an expert on the science of sleep said.
But what about getting rest during the middle of the day？Past studies have shown that napping （打盹） can help babies and young children learn better.In fact，napping can help older adults with their brain to remember things better.
The researchers studied 3，000 people and found that those who took an hour﹣long nap did much better on mental （智力的） tests.The hour﹣long nappers also did better on the tests than those who napped for shorter and longer periods.But researchers note that these findings are for those over 65，but for the young and healthy adults，an hour﹣long nap may be too long.
"At present，we're suggesting that we try to nap for about 30 minutes or less.Thirty minutes is enough to remove （消除） the pressure and will help us feel more awake.If we nap longer，we will get trapped into the deep sleep，which can be hard to get out of，" Twery said.This feeling is called sleep inertia （迟钝）—the period when you are awake from a very deep sleep.For a time，you are unable to think clearly.
（1）It's important for the learning and memory to get 　 　.
A.good health
B.good food
C.good sleep
D.good tool
（2）The underlined word "get trapped into" means " 　 　".
A.get up
B.stay up
C.get out of
D.fall into
（3）Who are supposed to have an hour﹣long nap？ 　 　
A.Young people.
B.Old people.
C.Healthy adults.
D.Students.
（4）In which part of a newspaper can we find the passage？ 　 　
A.NATURE
B.SPORTS
C.HEALTH
D.CULTURE
（5）What is the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.A Good Night's Sleep Helps us Stay Healthy
B.Good Sleep Improves Learning and Memory
C.Students should Have a Good Night's Sleep
D.The old Man should Have a Good Nap
14．（2024秋 内江期末）Inventions usually make a big difference to people's lives.Do you have any great inventions at home？Do they help you a lot in your life or bring you much fun？Here are some of the most useful inventions in families according to a survey.
The most helpful and creative invention for kids is the reading pen. With the specially﹣designed pen，kids find it convenient and fun to learn. Little kids can learn a lot，including story﹣telling，poems and music. They start learning by touching the contents （内容） in the books with the pen.This way kids can learn by themselves.They are also great helpers for primary school students after school.
Mopping robots （扫地机器人） are popular with people who are too busy to do housework.They are more popular with office ladies.They can help people clean dirt，dust and hair easily.With the help of them，people don't need to spend much time on housework.They can enjoy a more relaxing life after work.
As for old people，an electric foot basin （电动洗脚盆） is the best invention.It's a good choice to buy one for your grandparents.It can help keep their blood pressure normal and improve blood circulation （循环）. The special basin can keep the water warm.So washing feet with it will help old people become healthier and more relaxed.
（1）How do the kids learn with the reading pen？ 　 　
A．By downloading things from the Internet.
B．By touching the contents in the books.
C．By reading books.
D．By painting some pictures.
（2）Who needs mopping robots most according to the passage？ 　 　
A．Jim，6 years old.
B．Bill，a primary student.
C．Miss Zhang，an office lady.
D．Mr.Green，70 years old.
（3）Where can you easily find these three inventions？ 　 　
A．At home.
B．In a library.
C．At school.
D．In an office.
15．（2024秋 内江期末）Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa，a small village in Peru，South America.However，things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains broke the only power cable（电力电缆） in the area.The villagers were forced to use oil lamps（灯），which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the terrible smell they produce.
Luckily，researchers at the University of Technology（UT） in Lima，Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful way.They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil（土壤）.Both can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies.The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up a LED light bulb（灯泡）.
While that may sound amazing and even impossible，the science behind the idea is quite simple.As plants create their food，they produce waste.And the waste returns to the soil.Tiny animals in the soil eat the waste and they produce electrons——the parts of electrical energy.The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to get the energy and keep it in the lamp for later use.The researchers say a single charge（充电） can make a 50 w LED light work for two hours—enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.
The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2015.So far，they have been a huge success!Elmer Ramirez，the UT professor who invented the lamp，believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people，especially small rainforest villages.42% of them have no electricity.
（1）What was the biggest problem for the people in Nuevo Saposoa？ 　 　
A.The villagers didn't have enough electricity.
B.There wasn't one power cable in the area.
C.The oil lamps produced terrible smell.
D.It often rained heavily in the village.
（2）What does the underlined word "it"refer to in Paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.The energy.
B.The lamp.
C.The plant.
D.The box.
（3）What do you know about the Plant Lamp？ 　 　
A.It can be made by local people.
B.It is much easier to use than oil lamps.
C.It can only work for two hours in the evening.
D.The things it needs to make electricity are easy to find.
（4）Why does the writer write this passage？ 　 　
A.To introduce what the Plant Lamp is used for.
B.To express how much effort the UT team made.
C.To show how technology helps with the problem.
D.To explain what problems the people in the rainforest have.
期末专项培优 科普知识
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2024秋 汶上县期末）People often say， '"You can't live only on air." But Chinese scientists can now tell you：Maybe you can.
Scientists from Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences succeeded in turning carbon dioxide （CO2），the terrible greenhouse gas，into starch（淀粉）.
Starch is the main part of the flour，rice and corn that we eat every day.It's
created by plants through sunshine.But according to the team's director Ma Yanhe，plants do this in a complex（复杂的）way，which takes about 60 steps．The new study，after six years of hard work，has found a simpler way to do this，with only 11 steps.
"Our study shows that creating compounds（化合物）like starch is possible in a lab，and there are many areas that can get a lot from this technology，Ma told China Daily.
The scientists first turned CO2 and hydrogen gas（H2）into methanol（甲醇）．Then they pieced these methanol molecules（分子）into bigger and more complex molecules.Finally the starch came out.
This way makes it possible to produce food in factories，taking the place of traditional farming.This will not only help make plenty of starchy crops such as potatoes，but also save water，land and so on.It may also help recycle CO2 to deal with weather change，according to China Daily.
The study can help astronauts too.Astronauts no longer need to worry about their food as they travel in space.They may simply turn the CO2 they breathe into the food they eat!
（1）Compared to the process used by plants，it's 　B　to make starch using CO2.
A．harder
B．easier
C．slower
D．more complex
（2）The starch is compounded in the order of 　C　.
①CO2
②methanol molecules
③starch
④hydrogen gas（H2）
⑤complex molecules
A． B． C． D．
（3）How does the new finding help us？ 　A　
a.It helps protect our environment.
b.It helps save natural wealth.
c.It deals with the food problems of astronauts.
d.It helps people have healthy eating habits.
A．abc
B．abd
C．acd
D．bcd
（4）What's the best title for the passage？ 　C　
A．Astronauts' Food
B．Environmental Protection
C．The Air You Can Eat
D．Complex Way of Food Production
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】BCAC
【分析】短文对中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所，在温室气体二氧化碳转化为淀粉方面所取得的重大技术突破作了报道。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段plants do this in a complex and inefficient way，which takes about 60 steps.The new study.after six years of hard work，has found a simpler way to do this with only 11 steps（植物以一种复杂而低效的方式完成这项工作，需要大约60个步骤。新研究。经过六年的努力，他找到了一种更简单的方法，只需11个步骤。）可知，与植物生产淀粉的过程相比，利用二氧化碳更容易生产淀粉。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段The scientists first turned CO2 and hydrogen gas into methanol.Then they pieced these methanol molecules into bigger and more complex molecules.Finally the starch came out（科学家们首先将二氧化碳和氢气转化为甲醇。然后他们将这些甲醇分子拼凑成更大、更复杂的分子。最后淀粉出来了。）可知，先将二氧化碳①和氢气④转化为甲醇，然后把这些甲醇分子②合成更大更复杂的分子⑤，最后出现淀粉③。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段but also save water，land and so on.It may also help recycle CO2 to deal with weather change，according to China Daily.（而且还可以节约水、土地等。据《中国日报》报道，它还可以帮助回收二氧化碳以应对气候变化。）最后一段The study can benefit space exploration too（这项研究也有助于太空探索。）可知，这些新发现有助于保护环境，解决宇航员的食物问题和节约自然资源。前三项陈述正确，故选A。
（4）最佳标题题。根据全文结合第五段The scientists first turned CO，and hydrogen gas into methanol.Then they pieced these methanol molecules into bigger and more complex molecules.Finally the starch came out（科学家们首先将CO和氢气转化为甲醇。然后他们将这些甲醇分子拼凑成更大、更复杂的分子。最后淀粉出来了）可知，本文介绍淀粉是如何由二氧化碳制成的。故最佳标题为"你可以吃的空气"。故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
2．（2024秋 南昌期末）The Eiffel Tower in Paris，France，is one of the most famous buildings in the world.But although it's widely known to the world，the tower has some secrets.
①______
If you were in control of building the Eiffel Tower，where else would you live？Gustave Eiffel，who designed （设计） the tower，built himself a small apartment on the top level of the tower.Only a few VIPs were allowed to visit，such as superstar scientist Thomas Edison.Unused since the 1920s after Eiffel's death，few knew about the apartment until 2015 when it opened for public visiting.
②______
The top of the Eiffel Tower seems like the perfect place to study stars and weather.No wonder Eiffel set up two small laboratories on the third level where scientists studying the stars and weather could work.Eiffel carried out his own research as well.To learn more about how objects move against air，he dropped objects on ropes from the second level of the tower （about 380 feet above ground）and observed how they fell.
③______
Maybe the Eiffel Tower should be renamed the Eco Tower.In 2015 workers gave the Iron Lady an environmentally friendly change by setting up two wind turbines（风力发电机） on the second level of the tower.They could turn wind into electricity for the tower's shops and restaurants.A system was also set up to collect and lead rainwater into the tower's toilets.
④______
Some people visit the Eiffel Tower for the view （风景）.Others come for more exciting activities.Soon after the tower was completed in 1898，a man walked up 704 of the tower's steps on stilts（高跷）.In 1952，three artists swung 400 feet above ground from ropes without protection.And in 2010，a man skated off a raised surface set up under the tower's first level down a 90﹣foot﹣tall ramp（斜坡） to the ground.
（1）Match the title with the correct part. 　D　
a.Calling the brave
b.Going green
c.Hidden apartment
d.Sky laboratornes
A. ①﹣a； ②﹣c； ③﹣d； ④﹣b
B. ①﹣c； ②﹣a； ③﹣b； ④﹣d
C. ①﹣a； ②﹣d； ③﹣b； ④﹣c
D. ①﹣c； ②﹣d； ③﹣b； ④﹣a
（2）What can we learn about Gustave Eiffel from the passage？ 　A　
A.He was in control of building the Eiffel Tower.
B.He met Thomas Edison in his apartment in 1920s.
C.He had an apartment on the second level the Eiffel Tower.
D.He studied stars and weather in a laboratory on the Eiffel Tower.
（3）What does the underlined word "observed" most probably mean？ 　B　
A.Thought wisely.
B.Watched carefully.
C.Spread widely.
D.Support strongly.
（4）What is the passage mainly talking about？ 　C　
A.The history of the Eiffel Tower.
B.The view of the Eiffel Tower.
C.The secrets about the Eiffel Tower.
D.The famous people visiting the Eiffel Tower.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】DABC
【分析】这篇短文介绍了埃菲尔铁塔的一些鲜为人知的秘密。
【解答】（1）标题归纳题。根据第二段If you were in control of building the Eiffel Tower，where else would you live？Gustave Eiffel，who designed （设计） the tower，built himself a small apartment on the top level of the tower.Only a few VIPs were allowed to visit，such as superstar scientist Thomas Edison.Unused since the 1920s after Eiffel's death，few knew about the apartment until 2015 when it opened for public visiting.（如果你控制着埃菲尔铁塔的建造，你还会住在哪里吗？设计这座塔的古斯塔夫 埃菲尔在塔顶为自己建造了一间小公寓。只有少数贵宾被允许参观，比如超级明星科学家托马斯 爱迪生。自20世纪20年代艾菲尔去世后就没有人使用过，直到2015年开放供公众参观，很少有人知道这间公寓。）可知，此段的标题应是"隐藏的公寓"；根据第三段The top of the Eiffel Tower seems like the perfect place to study stars and weather.No wonder Eiffel set up two small laboratories on the third level where scientists studying the stars and weather could work.Eiffel carried out his own research as well.To learn more about how objects move against air，he dropped objects on ropes from the second level of the tower （about 380 feet above ground）and observed how they fell.（埃菲尔铁塔的顶部似乎是研究星星和天气的完美场所。难怪艾菲尔在第三层建立了两个小实验室，研究恒星和天气的科学家可以在这里工作。艾菲尔也进行了自己的研究。为了了解更多关于物体如何在空中移动的信息，他从塔的第二层（离地约380英尺）将物体扔在绳子上，并观察它们是如何坠落的。）可知，此段的标题应是"天空实验室"；根据第四段 Maybe the Eiffel Tower should be renamed the Eco Tower.In 2015 workers gave the Iron Lady an environmentally friendly change by setting up two wind turbines（风力发电机） on the second level of the tower.They could turn wind into electricity for the tower's shops and restaurants.A system was also set up to collect and lead rainwater into the tower's toilets.（也许埃菲尔铁塔应该改名为生态塔。2015年，工人们在铁塔的第二层安装了两台风力涡轮机，给铁娘子带来了环保的改变。他们可以将风转化为电力，用于塔楼的商店和餐馆。还建立了一个系统来收集雨水并将其引入塔楼的厕所。）可知，此段标题应是"迈向绿色"；根据第五段Some people visit the Eiffel Tower for the view （风景）.Others come for more exciting activities.Soon after the tower was completed in 1898，a man walked up 704 of the tower's steps on stilts（高跷）.In 1952，three artists swung 400 feet above ground from ropes without protection.And in 2010，a man skated off a raised surface set up under the tower's first level down a 90﹣foot﹣tall ramp（斜坡） to the ground.（有些人参观埃菲尔铁塔欣赏美景。其他人来参加更激动人心的活动。1898年，塔建成后不久，一名男子踩着高跷走上了塔的704级台阶。1952年，三位艺术家在没有保护的情况下从绳索上荡离地面400英尺。2010年，一名男子从塔楼一层下面的凸起表面滑下，沿着90英尺高的斜坡滑到地面。）可知，此段标题提示"呼唤勇敢者"。故标题与正确的部分匹配应是：①﹣c； ②﹣d； ③﹣b； ④﹣a。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段If you were in control of building the Eiffel Tower，where else would you live？Gustave Eiffel，who designed （设计） the tower，built himself a small apartment on the top level of the tower.（如果你控制着埃菲尔铁塔的建造，你还会住在哪里吗？设计这座塔的古斯塔夫 埃菲尔在塔顶为自己建造了一间小公寓。）可知，古斯塔夫 艾菲尔负责建造埃菲尔铁塔。故选A。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第三段To learn more about how objects move against air，he dropped objects on ropes from the second level of the tower （about 380 feet above ground）and observed how they fell.（为了了解更多关于物体如何在空中移动的信息，他从塔的第二层（离地约380英尺）将物体扔在绳子上，并……它们是如何坠落的。）可猜测出，下划线单词的意思应是"观察"和Watched carefully"仔细观察"同义。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段The Eiffel Tower in Paris，France，is one of the most famous buildings in the world.But although it's widely known to the world，the tower has some secrets.（法国巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔是世界上最著名的建筑之一。尽管这座塔广为人知，但它也有一些秘密。）可知，这段话主要讲关于埃菲尔铁塔的秘密。故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
3．（2024秋 永川区期末）①Technology has brought ancient poets "back to life".At the World Robot Conference 2023 in late August in Beijing，there were two robots that looked like the Chinese poets Li Bai and Du Fu.While Li Bai was holding up a cup of wine，Du Fu was sitting at a desk writing.
②These are called bionic （仿生的） robots.The robot's skin is usually made of silicone（硅胶），The robot's skin is very soft.You can even see veins （血管） under the skin.
③Another human﹣like robot also attracted attention recently.It was created by US company Apptronik.Named Apollo，the robot's head has cameras and sensors （传感器） inside.
④The sensors can help the robot make simple movements，such as walking and waving （挥手）.They also help the robot keep balance when walking on unstable （不稳定的） surfaces.
⑤The robot also has cameras inside to help it map out a 360﹣degree view （景象） of its environment.
⑥Nowadays，Bionic human﹣like robots can "strike a chord （引起共鸣） with people，" a US robotics scientist Marc Raibert told New Yorker.They mostly work with humans，as tour guides or by helping visitors at front desks.There are also robots that share the work of nurses，such as handing out medicine.This could be because people are comfortable living and working with machines that look and act like them.
⑦Technology has brought us great changes.As more human﹣like robots come out，safety will be the key according to the Robot Report website.When a 70﹣kilogram robot breaks down and falls，humans nearby may get hurt.
（1）When was the World Robot Conference 2023 held in Beijing？ 　C　
A.In early August.
B.In early September.
C.In late August.
D.In late September.
（2）What can Apollo do with built﹣in sensors from the passage？ 　B　
A.Listen better.
B.Walk on unstable surfaces.
C.Know your feelings.
D.Smile at humans.
（3）According to the Robot Report website，for human﹣like robots what do people worry about？ 　C　
A.The human﹣like robots may talk with humans.
B.The human﹣like robots look scary.
C.The human﹣like robots may cause some problems.
D.The human﹣like robots may show their emotions.
（4）What is the structure of the passage？ 　C　
A. ①/ ②③④/ ⑤⑥/ ⑦
B. ①/ ②/ ③④⑤/ ⑥⑦
C. ①②/ ③④⑤/ ⑥/ ⑦
D. ①②/ ③④/ ⑤/ ⑥⑦
【考点】新闻报道；科普知识．
【答案】CBCC
【分析】在2023年北京世界机器人大会上，展出了两台外观像中国古代诗人李白和杜甫的仿生机器人，李白手持酒杯，杜甫坐在桌前写字。这些机器人的皮肤通常由硅胶制成，非常柔软，甚至可以看到皮下血管。美国Apptronik公司近期也推出了一个名为阿波罗的类人机器人，头部装有摄像头和传感器。传感器帮助机器人进行简单动作，如行走和挥手，并在不稳定的表面上保持平衡。类人机器人能够与人产生共鸣，它们通常作为导游或在前台帮助访客，甚至有机器人协助护士分发药物。随着越来越多的类人机器人的出现，安全将成为关键，因为如果一台70公斤的机器人发生故障倒下，可能会伤害到附近的人。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段At the World Robot Conference 2023 in late August in Beijing（在2023年8月底北京世界机器人大会上）可知，世界机器人大会时间是2023年8月底，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段The sensors can help the robot make simple movements，such as walking and waving （挥手）.They also help the robot keep balance when walking on unstable （不稳定的） surfaces.（传感器可以帮助机器人做出简单的动作，比如走路和挥手。它们还可以帮助机器人在不稳定的表面上行走时保持平衡。）可知，传感器可以帮助机器人在不稳定的表面上行走。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第七段As more human﹣like robots come out，safety will be the key according to the Robot Report website.When a 70﹣kilogram robot breaks down and falls，humans nearby may get hurt.（据机器人报告网站称，随着越来越多的人形机器人问世，安全将是关键。当一个70公斤重的机器人发生故障并摔倒时，附近的人可能会受伤。）可知，人形机器人可能会造成一些问题，故选C。
（4）篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一、二段介绍仿生机器人；第三、四、五段介绍美国公司Apptronik开发的一款仿生机器人；第六段介绍仿生机器人的用途；第七段介绍仿生机器人的问题。故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．（2024秋 自贡期末）Palm oil（棕榈油）is used in a lot of food and everyday things.It is also in beauty products.However，making palm oil is bad for the environment because of deforestation.
A team of researchers in Scotland believe they have found another material to replace palm oil.The scientists have created a plant﹣based oil that is better for nature and for our health.Their new PALM﹣ALT product is 70 percent better for the environment.It is more friendly to the environment and it is also healthier than palm oil，with 80 percent less saturated（饱和的）fat and 30 percent fewer calories（卡路里）.
The researchers believe PALM﹣ALT could change how things are made.Around half of all the food and beauty products we buy has palm oil in it.The use of palm oil is growing，so more trees have to be cut down in countries close to the equator.However，PALM﹣ALT is made from the linseed（亚麻籽）flower and rapeseed（油菜籽）oil.A researcher spoke to the BBC about PALM﹣ALT.She called it the"holy grail".She said，"We've put it through some special testing to see if people can tell the difference between our product and traditional palm oil，and they can't."She is hoping businesses will start using PALM﹣ALT instead of regular palm oil.
（1）What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 2 refer to？ 　A　
A.PALM﹣ALT.
B.Palm oil.
C.Rapeseed.
（2）What does the underlined word "deforestation" mean？ 　C　
A.The act of planting trees.
B.The act of polluting land.
C.The act of cutting down trees.
（3）In which country are palm trees being cut down？ 　B　
A.America.
B.Thailand.
C.Canada.
（4）What can we know from the passage？ 　C　
A.PALM﹣ALT is made from palm trees.
B.PALM﹣ALT can't change how things are made.
C.PALM﹣ALT will be better than palm oil in many ways.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】ACBC
【分析】短文主要介绍了棕榈油在食品、日常用品和美容产品中的广泛应用，但由于森林砍伐，其生产对环境有害。苏格兰的研究团队发现了一种植物基油替代品PALM﹣ALT，对环境和健康更为友好，含饱和脂肪和热量更低。他们相信PALM﹣ALT有可能改变产品制造方式，希望企业开始使用PALM﹣ALT代替传统的棕榈油。
【解答】（1）代词指代题。根据第二段Their new PALM﹣ALT product is 70 percent better for the environment.It is more friendly to the environment and it is also healthier than palm oil（他们的新的PALM﹣ALT产品70%对环境友好。它对环境更友好，也比棕榈油更健康）可知It指代PALM﹣ALT。故选A。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第一段However，making palm oil is bad for the environment because of deforestation.（然而，制作棕榈油对环境有害因为过度砍伐树木。）可知划线词在此处表示"砍树"。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段The use of palm oil is growing，so more trees have to be cut down in countries close to the equator.（棕榈油的使用增长，所以更多的树在赤道附近的国家被砍伐。）可知在泰国棕榈树被砍伐。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据第二段The scientists have created a plant﹣based oil that is better for nature and for our health.（科学家已经研发了一种植物油，对自然和我们的健康更好。）和最后一段We've put it through some special testing to see if people can tell the difference between our product and traditional palm oil，and they can't.（我们已经做了一些实验来检测人们是否可以辨别我们的产品和传统棕榈油的不同，但他们不能。）可知PALM﹣ALT在很多方面比棕榈油好。故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
5．（2024秋 锦江区期末）
a.The Nobel Prize in Medicine Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize for their groundbreaking findings on mRNA.They helped the fast development of the mRNA vaccine（疫苗） during the COVID﹣19，saving millions of lives.The technology could also be used to develop vaccines against other illnesses. b.Keeping Records of Birds Chinese researchers have started to use the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System （北斗卫星导航系统）to help record the information during birds' flight. They tie a small positioning equipment to a bird.It can better record where the birds go and rest，and information about how they fly，such as their flight speed.
c.Quiet Carriages on High﹣speed Trains Some high﹣speed rail lines have introduced quiet carriage services.In a quiet carriage，passengers aren't allowed to put their phones，notebook computers or iPads on speaker.If they have to make a phone call，they must first go to the hallway to do so.Quiet carriage riders also need to make sure that their children are well﹣behaved to avoid troubling others. d. ▲ The technology "AI" is set to make a big difference to the future.And it has been named the most popular word of 2023 by the dictionary publisher Collins. AI was chosen because it "has developed at such a fast speed and become the main conversation of 2023"，the publisher said.
（1）Which of the blanks can be filled with the underlined word "groundbreaking" in passage a？ 　C　
A.The speech was so _____that many people fell asleep.
B.She has lived a _____life since she lost her parents in an accident.
C.The company's _____ products have changed the lives of the deaf.
（2）What are passengers allowed to do in a quiet carriage？ 　A　
A
B.
C.
（3）What is the best title for▲？ 　A　
A."AI" Making a Big Difference to the Future
B."AI" Named Most Popular Word of 2023
C."AI" Developing at a Fast Speed
（4）Which of the following questions ISN'T answered in the passages？ 　C　
A.Why did Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman win the Nobel Prize？
B.How can the Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System help with bird record？
C.What influences can the new technology ﹣﹣"AI" bring us？
（5）What's the theme shared by all the passages？ 　B　
A.Unexpected scientific discoveries.
B.Social development and progress.
C.International problems and efforts.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】CAACB
【分析】本文通过介绍疫情期间研制的疫苗，北斗卫星为鸟类迁徙带来的好处，静音车厢的实施以及AI科技的流行度，介绍了社会的发展和进步。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据表格第一栏Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize for their groundbreaking findings on mRNA.（Katalin Kariko和Drew Weissman 因他们开创性的发现mRNA而获奖。）可知划线词在此处表示"创新的，开创性的"。C选项"这个公司开创性的产品改变了聋哑人的一生。"符合题意。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据表格第三栏In a quiet carriage，passengers aren't allowed to put their phones，notebook computers or iPads on speaker.（在静音车厢，乘客不允许外放手机，笔记本或平板的声音。）可知图片A，看视频时戴上耳机是允许的。故选A。
（3）标题归纳题。根据表格第四栏The technology "AI" is set to make a big difference to the future.（AI科技对未来将产生巨大影响。）可知本段主要介绍AI科技对未来产生巨大影响。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据表格第四栏And it has been named the most popular word of 2023 by the dictionary publisher Collins.AI was chosen because it "has developed at such a fast speed and become the main conversation of 2023"，the publisher said.（它被柯林斯字典出版社命名为2023年最受欢迎的词。一位出版商说，AI被选是因为它在2023年快速发展并成为主要话题。）可知本段并未提及AI给我们带来了哪些影响。故选C。
（5）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，这四篇文章介绍了社会的发展和进步。故选B。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
6．（2024秋 锦江区期末）Is there a connection between music and language？According to recent studies，the answer is yes.Here，let's look at the following two.
Music and Hearing
A recent study by researcher Nina Kraus shows that playing a musical instrument can make a person's hearing ability become better.In the study，two groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy room.The people in the first group were musicians，while those in the second group weren't.The musicians were able to hear the talking person more clearly.
Think about violinists in a show.When they play with the group，they hear their own instrument and many others，too.But the violinists must listen closely to what they are playing，and leave out the other sounds.In this way，musicians are able to focus on certain sounds，even in a room with lots of noise.
Music and Speaking
Gottfried Schlaug，a doctor at Harvard Medical School，works with stroke（中风）patients.Because of their illness，these people cannot say their names，addresses，or other information normally.However，they can still sing.Dr.Schlaug was surprised to find that singing words helped his patients to finally speak.Why does this work？Schlaug isn't sure.Music seems to help patients to use the brain again.
From the results，we can know that music is a good influence on concentration，the ability to focus on one thing.It works on listening and speaking skills as well.Playing an instrument or singing can help us do better in school as well.So music is not only enjoyable，it's also good for us in many other ways.
（1）Which two groups of people took part in Nina Kraus' study？ 　B　
A.Noisy people and quiet people.
B.Musicians and non﹣musicians.
C.Violinists and other musicians.
（2）Why are the violinists mentioned（提及） in paragraph 3？ 　A　
A.To describe what they did in a show.
B.To show how important they are in the study.
C.To better explain why musicians hear more clearly.
（3）How does Gottfried Schlaug help stroke patients speak？ 　B　
A.By playing music for them.
B.By asking them to sing words.
C.By getting them to play an instrument.
（4）What's the passage mainly about？ 　C　
A.Music makes people listen carefully and hear well.
B.Music can be well used in medical research.
C.Music helps with people's language abilities.
（5）In which magazine might we read this passage？ 　B　
A.
B.
C.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】BABCB
【分析】本文介绍了音乐和语言之间有着密切的联系，唱歌甚至可以提升听力和帮助病人讲话。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第2段The people in the first group were musicians ，while those in the second group had no musical training .（第一组的人是音乐家，而第二组的人没有受过音乐训练。）可知，尼娜克劳斯研究了音乐家和非音乐家。故选：B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第3段中Think about violinists in a show.When they play with the group，they hear their own instrument and many others，too.But the violinists must listen closely to what they are playing，and leave out the other sounds.（想想演出中的小提琴手。当他们和乐队一起演奏时，他们会听到自己的乐器和其他许多乐器。但是小提琴手必须仔细听他们演奏的东西，而忽略其他声音。）可知，提及小提琴手是为了描述他们在节目中做了什么，故选：A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第4段Dr .Schlaug was surprised to find that singing words helped his patients to finaly speak .（博士施劳格惊讶地发现，唱歌的词帮助他的病人最终说话。）可知，戈特弗里德施劳格让他们唱歌词来帮助中风患者说话。故选：B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第1段Is there a connection between music and language？According to recent studies，the answer is yes.Here，let's look at the following two.（音乐和语言之间有联系吗？根据最近的研究，答案是肯定的。在这里，让我们看看下面两个。）以及通读全文可知，本文介绍了音乐和语言之间有着密切的联系，唱歌甚至可以提升听力和帮助病人讲话。因此这篇文章主要讲音乐有助于提高人们的语言能力。故选：C。
（5）推理判断题。根据第1段Is there a connection between music and language？According to recent studies，the answer is yes.Here，let's look at the following two.（音乐和语言之间有联系吗？根据最近的研究，答案是肯定的。在这里，让我们看看下面两个。）以及通读全文可知，本文介绍了音乐和语言之间有着密切的联系，唱歌甚至可以提升听力和帮助病人讲话。这与大脑有关，结合图片，因此我们可以在图片B杂志上读这段话，故选：B。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
7．（2024秋 通川区期末）Technology has brought ancient poets"back to life".At the World Robot Conference 2023 in late August in Beijing，there were two robots that looked like the Chinese poets Li Bai and Du Fu.
While Li Bai was holding up a cup of wine，Du Fu was sitting at a desk，writing.These are called bionic（仿生的） robots.The robot's skin is usually made of silicone（硅胶），CGTN explained in a video about Liaoning﹣based producer EXROBOTS.The robot's skin is very soft.You can even see veins（血管） under the skin.
Another human﹣like robot also attracted attention recently.It was created by US company Apptronik.Named Apollo，it has around 30 muscles（肌肉）.For now，the robot can only make simple movements，such as walking and waving（挥手）.The robot's head has cameras and sensors （传感器） inside.They can help it map out a 360﹣degree view（景象） of its environment.They also help the robot keep balance（平衡） when walking on unstable（不稳定的） surfaces.
Nowadays，bionic human﹣like robots mostly work with humans，such as by being tour guides or helping visitors at front desks.This could be because people are comfortable living and working with machines that look and act like them.They can "strike a chord（引起共鸣） with people， "a US robotics scientist Mare Raibert told New Yorker.
As more human﹣like robots come out，safety will be the key，according to the Robot Report website.When a 70﹣kilogram robot breaks down and falls，humans nearby may get hurt.
（1）What does "brought ancient poets 'back to life" mean in Paragraph 1？ 　B　
A.Technology can make ancient poets come back to life.
B.The robots looked and acted like real ancient poets.
C.Visitors can experience real ancient life with new technology.
D.The robots can create better poems than poets.
（2）The skin of robots made by EXROBOTS shows 　A　.
A.how human﹣like their robots are
B.how soft the robot's skin is
C.what the robot's skin is made from
D.how different it is from other robots
（3）What can Apollo do with built﹣in sensors？ 　B　
A.Wave at humans.
B.Walk stably.
C.Know human faces.
D.Draw attention.
（4）In which situation can bionic robots help you now？ 　B　
A.When you want someone to repair your car.
B.When you want someone to travel with you.
C.When you don't want to do housework.
D.When you want to know the floor information of a building.
（5）What do people worry about with human﹣like robots？ 　D　
A.Users may fall in love with the robots.
B.Human﹣like robots look scary.
C.The robots' weight may cause problems.
D.The robots may get out of control.
【考点】新闻报道；科普知识．
【答案】BABBD
【分析】文章主要介绍了在2023年世界机器人大会上展示的两个仿生机器人，它们的外形和动作模仿了中国古代诗人李白和杜甫。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段At the World Robot Conferen

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