资源简介

(共30张PPT)
Discovering useful structures
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
By the end of the class, you'll be able to
1. To learn the -ing form as the object and predicative
2. To distinguish the function of the -ing form and to do form as the object
3. To distinguish the function of the gerund , present particle, past particle as predicative
Learning Objectives
The -ing Form as the— Examples
Swimming is his favourite sport.
He is the man swimming in the river just now.
Swimming in summer, we can get cool.
I found him swimming in the river.
You should practise playing the piano every day.
Her duty is taking care of the babies
Tell the function of –ing form in each sentence.
Subject
Attribute
Adverbial
Object complement
Object
Predicative
Revision
1.Review of the usage of the –ing form.
V-ing 时态和语态
主 动 被 动
一般
完成
否定式 doing
being done
having done
having been done
not+doing / not+having done
Revision
Watch the video, and pay attention to the -ing form in the dialogue.
Lead-in
Observe and Analyze
I enjoy learning about body language in different cultures.
I find myself constantly interested in learning about body language, too.
谓语动词
介词
v-ing 作宾语
动作的承受者
宾语
及物动词和介词后
位置
-ing as object
1. The speaker focused his attention on gesturing with his hands.
2. She expressed her feelings through nodding her head.
3. The audience showed their eagerness with leaning forward.
4. He conveyed his message by smiling to the audience.
5. The interviewer judged the candidate based on observing their facial expressions.
介词
-ing form
介宾结构
object
Tip 1 动词-ing 形式常位于 之后作宾语成分，与其前面的介词一起构成 结构。
介词
介宾
-ing as object
Explore and Summarize
Compare
I am looking forward to going to the conference to learn more about nonverbal communication.
She is excited about having the opportunity to demonstrate her expertise in interpreting body language.
介词to
动词不定式符号to
Attention: 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语中，注意区分介词to与不定式符号to。
常见的有介词to 的短语
devote…to献身于 set about着手做
be/get used to习惯于 be fond of喜欢
be afraid of害怕 be tired of对……厌烦
succeed in成功地做……
be interested in对……感兴趣
-ing as object
在以下结构中，v.- ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend...(in) doing 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing... 做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent sb. (from) doing… 阻止某人做某事
waste time (in) doing… 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing… 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing… 高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in) doing… 做某事毫无意义
Notice
1. She considers folding her arms a defensive posture when negotiating.
2. They admit leaning forward during a conversation to show genuine interest.
3. I don’t allow crossing legs in my yoga class because it can suggest disengagement.
4. I feel like blinking my eyes rapidly when the strong light shines.
动词
动宾结构
object
-ing form
Tip 2 动词-ing 形式也常位于 之后作宾语成分，与其前面的动词一起构成 结构。
及物动词
动宾
-ing as object
Explore and Summarize
有些动词后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语
喜欢考虑要想象(enjoy, consider, imagine/fancy)
介意冒险可避免(mind, risk, avoid)
允许承认不喜欢(allow, admit, dislike)
欣赏错过可理解(appreciate, miss, understand)
主张完成不拖延(advocate, finish, delay/postpone)
建议坚持勤练习(suggest/advise/recommend, keep, practice)
反对逃避不放弃(oppose/resist, escape, quit)
-ing as object
只跟动词不定时形式作宾语的动词
desire to do sth
wish to do sth
expect to do sth
claim to do sth
dare to do sth
apply to do sth
agree to do sth
determine to do sth
decide to do sth
struggle to do sth
learn to do sth
refuse to do sth
decline to do sth
promise to do sth
attempt to do sth
prepare to do sth
hesitate to do sth
bother to do sth
pretend to do sth
tend to do sth
动词to do 形式作宾语
-ing as object
When he means to express friendliness and openness, he always smiles.
That he always smiles means expressing friendliness and openness.
当他想表示友好和坦率时，他总是微笑。
他总是面带微笑，这意味着他的友好和坦率。
You should remember to maintain eye contact during your speech.
I remember maintaining eye contact during my speech.
你要记得在演讲时保持眼神接触。
我记得在我演讲的时候一直保持眼神交流。
还没做
做过了
有些动词既可接to do 又可接动词-ing形式作宾语，且意义不同。
-ing as object
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)
regret doing sth.对做过的事表示遗憾/后悔(已做)
regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾(未做)
try doing sth.试着做某事
try to do sth.尽力去做某事
go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事
go on to do sth.继续做另外一件事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth.记着去做某事(未做)
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
既可接to do 又可接动词-ing形式作宾语，且意义不同的常见动词
-ing as object
Although body language is really powerful, it needs using properly.
Although body language is really powerful, it needs to be used properly.
need doing =need to be done需要被……
特别注意：些动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语，但表达了被动的意义，相当于to be done ）
sth need / require / deserve / want / desire + doing
= sth need / require / deserve / want / desire + to be done
Comparison
Sb +
make
think
believe
consider
find
feel
+ it +
useless
no use
no good
a waste of time
worthwhile
+V-ing
I found it useless (no use )_________________________(争论这个问题).
arguing about the problem.
Do you consider it any good _____________(再试一次)
trying again
在形式宾语中动词-ing的使用
Notice
动词-ing形式作宾语
位于介词之后(介宾）
注意区分介to与动词不定式符号to注
意介词省略的情况
位于及物动词之后（动宾）
有些动词只接动词-ing形式
有些动词既可接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式，且意义不同
有些动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语，但表达动词不定式被动语态的意义。
Summary
1. Do you feel like __________ (have) a walk with me after supper
2. My father suggested __________ (read) more books in my spare time.
3. He devotes himself to __________ (look) into the matter.
4. You need to practise __________(speak) English to make progress.
5. Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in ________ (make) friends.
6. She likes spending much money __________ (buy) clothes for herself.
having
reading
looking
speaking
making
buying
Practice
The crucial thing is using body language appropriately.
It’s amazing how much we understand just by watching people’s gestures and expressions.
系动词
系动词
v-ing 作表语
表语:系动词之后的句子成分称为表语，一起常称“系表结构”。
存在系动词：be动词，意为“是...”
表象系动词：appear/look/seem 看起来
变化系动词：get/go/grow/turn/become 变得
持续系动词：keep/remain 仍然
感官系动词：feel/sound/taste/smell 摸起来/听上去/尝起来/闻起来
-ing as predicative
Observe and Analyze
1.动词-ing形式作表语，①多表示一般性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，可与主语互换位置。
The crucial thing is using body language appropriately.
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
动词-ing形式作表语
-ing as predicative
It’s amazing how much we understand just by watching people’s gestures and expressions.
The news is very exciting.
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.
2.一些表示状态、品质、情绪的动词-ing形式可作表语，②具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。如：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising等，这类分词有“令人……的”的含义。
-ing as predicative
动词-ing形式作表语
现在分词
用于说明主语的性质、特征等
动名词
构成动宾结构
既具有 的性质和特征，又具有 的性质和特征。
主表互换 。
用于说明主语的 。
相当于一个形容词，意为“令人......的”
表示 性、 性的动作
具体内容
动词
名词
抽象
习惯
意义不变
Summary
The argument is _________ (convince).
One of his bad habits is _________(smoke) while having dinner.
The movie we saw last night was so _________(move) that I was ________ (move) to tears.
Her hobby is _________(collect) postcards and stamps.
smoking
moving
moved
collecting
convincing
Practice
1. Complete the sentences using the -ing form and state their functions(P41).
1. Bill's job is _________ sign language.
2. The theme of his presentation is _____________ barriers between groups.
3. By _________, we mean “bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”.
teaching
amuse, teach, break down, call on, bow, get through, assess
breaking down
bowing
4. ______________ three kilometers of heavy traffic took me almost 25 minutes.
5. We intended to visit the theme park but ended up ___________ Professor Zhang.
Getting through
calling on
object
predicative
predicative
vi.&vt.弯曲;倾斜
subject
object of the verb phrase
Practice
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases below. (P41)
lie challenge consider individual differences maintain consider the whole picture evaluate a patient’s condition
Reading body language is not an easy task. It can be _____________ because interpreting the signs that another person shows requires ____________________. In this sense, it can be compared to a doctor ______________________________. ____________________________________ is also key to reading people’s body language accurately. For example, when ______, some people avoid eye contact. By contrast, others may __________ eye contact even longer than usual.
challenging
considering the whole picture
evaluating a patient’s condition
Considering individual differences
lying
maintain
Practice
Body language is as important as words in communication with other people. The crucial factor is recognize the fact that body language differs in various cultures, but it is also
important to “do in Rome as the Romans do”. For example, show the gesture for “OK” in
many cultures can meaning “money” in Japan or “zero” in France. By contrast, make such a
gesture in Brazil or Germany can being offensive.
Of course, some body language is sharing by all cultures. For instance, waved one's hand
while see your friend off is like to say “Good-bye”, and smile often gets people through
difficult situations.
recognizing
showing
mean
making
be
shared
waving
smiling
seeing
Practice
Read the passage. Underline and correct the mistakes. (P83)
It was an unpopular decision to postpone ______________ (build) the new hospital.
One learns a language by making mistakes and __________ (correct) them.
Though it sounds a bit too expensive, it is worth ______________ (buy).
She is very busy ________ (write) her papers. She is far too busy _________(receive) callers.
Once you are addicted to________ (smoke), you may find it difficult for you to quit.
Something is wrong with the computer and it requires_________________(repair).
I appreciate his _________(devote) himself to the cause of agriculture.
She can’t stand __________ (keep) waiting.
He always imagine ________(find) a wallet on the sidewalk.
The little boy slipped into the classroom without __________ (notice) by the teacher.
Tony Blair had stood fast in ___________(back) the US in its war against terrorism.
Peter is angry about ________________(not invite) to the party.
The black people in the US are opposed to _____________(treat) unfairly.
building
being treated
not being invited
backing
finding
keeping
writing
devoting
repairing/to be repaired
to receive
buying
correcting
being noticed
smoking
Homework
Once there was a talented man whose dream is ___________ (serve) the king. Fortunately, the king let him _____ (live) in his palace because he appreciated the man’s outstanding skills. But the queen disagreed with the decision. So the king allowed his wife ___________ (forbid) the man’s staying there if he made any mistakes.
Though the man knew the queen disliked him, he didn’t mind it at all. He kept ________ (do) his work, enjoyed __________ (work) there, insisted on ___________ (practice), and never gave up _______ (try). His hard work was always __________ (satisfy), and after a whole day’s work, he went to bed and imagined his being liked by the queen. He felt like _______ (live) in this way.
serving
live
to forbid
doing
working
practicing
trying
satisfying
living
语篇活用
Homework
But all his hard work couldn’t protect him from his bad fortune. The queen could not help ________ (get) more tired of him. He knew it, but he refused to admit it. People around suggested he ________ (leave) the palace, and some advised him ___________ (have) a talk with the queen. But he refused angrily.
The queen always considered ________ (kill) him and in this way, he could not avoid death although he devoted all his time to ________ (serve) them. In the end, the queen made up an excuse that his flowers died after the man’s ________ (arrive). As a result, the man did not escape being killed.
getting
leave
to have
killing
serving
arrival
语篇活用
Homework

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