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(共23张PPT)
Unit 4 Friend forever
Attributive clauses
b. The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests.
Activity 1: Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1. We can… stay in touch with people. We want to remain friends with these people.
a.We can... stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
2.The digital age also enables us to find people. These people share our interest…
What does “that” refer to in sentence (a)
What does “who” refer to in sentence (b)
What is the difference between the two groups of the sentences
We can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people.
We want to remain friends with them.
B. We can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
1.使文章更清晰
2.对所定义的人或事物产生强调效果。
Activity 2: why does the author choose to use sentence (B) in the passage
1. a kind girl
2. a book on the desk
3. I have homework to finish
4. the fallen leaves
5. the boy who is very smart
6. Someone kind helped me.
什么是定语？
定语修饰名词/代词。
定语可以是:形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语。
修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
adj. .....的
本质就是形容词。
1. We prefer to make friends (who share our interests).
2. She is the one that he is long to see again.
1. Definition (定义)
friends
定语从句是用来充当定语的句子，它主要用于修饰句子中的 ，位于被修饰的名词和代词 。
翻译为 ，作用相当于一个 词。
“...的”
先行词
关系词
定语从句
the one
that
名词和代词
之后
结构：先行词+关系词+从句的其它部分
形容
2. 关系词的作用
A good friend is a person can help us.
who/that
关系词的三个作用:
1.连接作用：连接___句和定语从句。
2.替代作用：替代_____词。
3.成分作用：在定语从句中必须充当_____。
成分
主
先行
（定语从句中必须缺少某种成分）
a person
结构：先行词+关系词+从句的其它部分
3. 关系词的分类
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
who, whom, whose, that, which
在从句中充当 和定语。
where, when, why
在从句中充当 。
主语，宾语，表语
状语
The girl is my sister.
who指代的先行词为 ，在定语从句中作的成分为 ，有时也可作宾语，做宾语可省略。
whom指代的先行词为 ,在定语从句中作 ,可省略。
人
人
主语
宾语
4. 关系代词 who 的用法
The girl is my sister.
The girl stands under the tree.
Who = the girl
The girl 在句中作主语
The girl stands under the tree .
who
The girl is my sister who stands under the tree.
I happened to meet Dr.K in the shopping center yesterday.
I got to know Dr.k at the party.
Dr.K=who
but! Dr.K在句中作宾语
Dr.K=whom
I happened to meet Dr.K
whom
I got to know Dr.k at the party.
in the shopping center yesterday
I happened to meet Dr.K whom I got to know at the party in the shopping center yesterday.
whom指代的先行词为 ,在定语从句中作 ,可省略。
人
宾语
4. 关系代词 whom 的用法
Ms Zhao is a good teacher.
Her PPTs are of great use.
Ms Zhao is a good teacher.
her PPTs are of great use.
whose
whose 通常指代的先行词为 ，也可指 ，表“_____”关系, （相当于 "...的"）在定语从句中做的句子成分为 。
人
物
定语
所属
4. 关系代词 whose 的用法
Her PPTs=whose PPTs
Her 在句子中作定语
Her PPT =Ms Zhao’s PPT= whose PPT
Ms Zhao is a good teacher whose PPTs are of great use .
whose 通常指代的先行词为 ，也可指 ，表“_____”关系, （相当于 "...的"）在定语从句中做的句子成分为 。
There is a beautiful house on the mountain.
The house’s window broke last night.
There is a beautiful house
on the mountain.
the house’s window broke last night.
whose
人
物
定语
所属
4. 关系代词 whose 的用法
House’s window=whose window
House’s 在句子中作定语
There is a beautiful house whose window broke last night on the mountain.
2. He is a good scientist that is respected by people.
that指代的先行词为 ，也可以指 ，
在定语从句中常作成分__________________
作宾语时常可省略。
主语，宾语
人
物
4. 关系代词 that 的用法
1.This unit is very meaningful. This unit talks about friendship.
That = This unit
This unit 在句中作主语
1.This unit that talks about friendship is very meaningful.
2.He is a good scientist. He is respected by people.
2. She bought a special gift which she decided to give to her friend.
which指代的先行词为 ，在定语从句作的成分为 ，做宾语时常可省略。
物
主语或宾语
4. 关系代词 which 的用法
1.He has a good quality. The quality contributes to his development.
which = quality
The quality在句中作主语
1. He has a good quality which contributes to his development.
2.She bought a special gift.
She decided to give the gift to her friend.
that VS which
先行词
all, much, little something ,everything等不定代词时
This is the best hotpot that I have ever had.
既有人也有物
Do you know the things and person that they are talking about
被all, much, little something ,everything等不定代词修饰时。
形容词最高级或被形容词词最高级修饰时
序数词或者被序数词修饰
This is the first book that I read this year.
He told me everything that he knew.
I have read all the books that were borrowed from others.
5. 通常只能用that 的场合
that VS which
先行词
在非限制性定语从句中,
非限有逗号隔开
介词后（介词 + which）
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played in many countries.
6. 通常只能用which 的场合
7.种类:限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句
1. The girl usually uses Wechat to keep track of her best friend, which is a very convenient way to maintain their friendships.
2. This unit that talks about friendship is very meaningful.
3. We can't give away our personal information to the strangers who may be the criminals.
4. As is known, a friend in need is a friend indeed.
限
非限
限
非限
1. 限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别。如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明的作用。如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
2. 限无逗号隔开，但非限有逗号隔开。
3. 非限通常不能用that 引导，可以用which, as 等。
4. 先行词都是名词或代词，但非限还可修饰前面整个句子。
关系代词 指人/物 在定从句中充当什么成分
that
which
who
whom
whose
宾语
定语+n.
人、物
人、物
主语、宾语
物
主语、宾语
人
主语、宾语
人
1. This unit that/which talks about friendship is very meaningful.
2. His partner who/that is addicted to playing video games hasn't completed his work yet.
3. The boy that/who/whom I talked with is extremely hardworking.
4. The little baby whose smile is sweet is very popular.
物
人
人
人/物
/主
/主
/宾
/定
Summary
定语从句解题思路:
四步搞定定语从句
1．第一步：确定是定语从句
空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起修饰作用。
2．第二步：分清限制与非限制
That 和why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
3．第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性
指人还是指物，表时间、地点还是原因。
4．第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词
(1)缺少主语：that/which/who；
(2)缺少宾语：that/which/who/whom；
(3)缺少定语：whose；
(4)缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when, where, why。

1. A good friend is a person we can trust.
2. Read a poem topic is related to friendship.
3. We discuss the friendship is important in
our life.
who/that/whom
whose
that/which
Exercise:
如何写出定语从句？
I met a woman.我遇见了一位女士
She can speak six languages. 她会说六种语言。
I met a woman who can speak six languages.
如何写出定语从句？
定语从句三步骤
I met a woman.
She can speak six languages.
1. 共同的名词/代词
woman=she
（做主语）
2.替换合适的关系代词
she=who（人）
关系代词：
who 人
that人/物
which 物
whose人物（所属）
whom人（宾格）
3.合并句子，注意关系代词通常紧跟在名词之后，表示两者的修饰关系
I met a woman who can speak six languages.
Lucy is my friend who / that has a hearing problem.
So I learnt a new language which / that allows me to “speak” with my hands.
3 Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are
always inspiring.
4 I sometimes have problems (that /
which) I can’t solve.
5 Lucy is a good listener (whom / who
/ that) I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.
Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which, who, whom or whose.
Applying the rules:
Complete the online forum post with that, which, who, whom or whose.
that / which
whose
who / that
which / that
whom / who
Applying the rules:

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