资源简介

(共25张PPT)
Unit 2
外研版（2019）
英语 必修一
01
02
03
Discovering the rules
Studying the rules
Applying the rules
01
pineapple
basketball
pine
apple
basket
ball
01
Discovering the rules
butterfly
butter
fly
mooncake
moon
cake
01
Discovering the rules
Can you find out a common feature of these words
…whether there was ham in a hamburger.
We can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting.
We can get seasick at sea.
They are invisible.
Discussion
01
Discovering the rules
一种语言的词汇绝不能看作是无生命的、完全的整体。词汇是会通过其构词能力不断地生成和再生成的。
构词法
（根据一定的规律构成新单词的方法）
Compounding（合成）
Conversion（转化）
Derivation（派生）
Acronym（缩略）
02
Studying the rules
Compounding（合成）
create a new word by compounding two or more existing words
(由两个或更多的词合成一个词)
＋
＝
＋
＝
02
Studying the rules
(1) n.+n.: air conditioner （空调）；blood pressure（血压）
(2) adj. + n.：central bank （中央银行）；fast food（快餐）
(3) v-ing. + n.：washing machine（洗衣机）；driving license（驾驶证）
(4) n. + v-ing. ：story-telling（讲故事）；hand-writing（笔迹）
(5) adv. + v.：outbreak（爆发）；output（产量）
(6) v. + adv.：breakdown（故障）；feedback（反馈）
1.合成名词
02
Studying the rules
2.合成形容词
(1)词尾为过去分词或+ed: absent-minded（心不在焉的）；hand-made（手工的）
(2)词尾为现在分词：good-looking（好看的）；easy-going（随和的）
(3)词尾为形容词：duty-free（免税的）；homesick （想家的）
3.合成动词
overcome（战胜）;undergo（经历）
4.合成副词
whole-heartedly （全心全意地）;
downstairs（在楼下）
02
Studying the rules
Find the Compounding words in the reading material and give the meanings.
While we’re doing all this travelling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing
seasick（晕船）; airsick（晕机）; carsick（晕车）; homesick（想家）; homework（家庭作业）; housework（家务事）
【即学即练】
02
Studying the rules
change the part of speech（词性）(改变单词的词性)
Conversion（转化）
(1)动词 名词
Look at me.
Let me have a look.
(2)名词 动词
Open your book.
I must book the ticket.
(3)形容词 动词
Our classroom is very clean.
We clean our classroom every day.
(4)形容词 名词
(意义改变)
You are right.
Citizens have the right to speak freely.
02
Studying the rules
请大家判断词性转化类型,然后翻译句子
(1) Let me have a try.
(2) You could shoulder the task.
(3) You should try your best to better your performance.
(4)They are discussing the content of the story.
v.-n.
让我来试一试。
n.-v.
你可以承担这项任务。
adj.-v.
你应该尽最大努力让自己有更好的表现。
adj.-n.
他们正在讨论这个故事的内容。
【即学即练】
02
Studying the rules
Derivation 派生
by adding a prefix or (and) a suffix (在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词)
unemployment
单词=
前缀
词根
后缀
改变词义
词的本意
改变词性
02
Studying the rules
Prefix-前缀
by-
inter-
mid-
under-
1.表示否定的前缀：
dis-
il-
im-
ir-
in-
un-
2.表示空间位置，方向的前缀：
02
Studying the rules
Prefix-前缀
ex-
fore
mid-
post-
3.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀：
extra-
over-
super-
under
…
4.表示时间的前缀：
5.表示重复的前缀：
re-
6.表示动化的前缀：
en-
02
Studying the rules
1.表示否定意义前缀：
Prefix-前缀
dis-
in-
il-
im-
ir-
mis-
non-
un-
convenient→ inconvenient (不方便的)
legal→ illegal (不合法的)
possible→ impossible (不可能的)
responsible→ irresponsible (不负责的)
ability→ disability (无能力; 残疾)
understand → misunderstand（误解）
profit → non-profit（非营利的）
certain →uncertain（不确定的）
02
Studying the rules
Prefix-前缀
by- “附近，邻近”road → byroad（侧道）
under-“在......下面” ground → underground（地铁）
inter- “在……间，相互”national → international（国际的）
mid- “中间” night → midnight（午夜）, autumn → mid-
autumn（中秋）
re- “又,再” arrange→ rearrange （重新安排）
en- “使......” able→ enable （使能够）
pre- “前” war → pre-war（战前的）
post-“后” war → post-war（战后的）
2.表示空间位置，
方向关系的前缀
4.表示其他意义
3.表示时间
02
Studying the rules
advantage
sensitive
moral
logical
reversible(可逆的）
necessary
disadvantage 不利的
insensitive 不敏感的
immoral 不道德的
illogical 无逻辑的
irreversible 不可逆的
unnecessary 没有必要的
给以下单词加上前缀并猜测词义
【即学即练】
02
Studying the rules
Suffix-后缀
-er: design → designer（设计者）
-or: act → actor（演员）
-ee: employ → employee（雇员）
-ist: art→ artist （艺术家）
-ian: music→ musician（音乐家）
-ant: assist→ assistant （助手）
-ess: god→ goddess (女神)
-ness: careless → carelessness（粗心）
-ment: achieve→ achievement （成就）
-dom: free→ freedom（自由）
-tion: attract→ attraction （吸引力）
-ance: accept→ acceptance （接受）
-ence: depend→ dependence （依赖）
-ture: mix→ mixture （混合，混合物）
-y: recover→ recovery （恢复, 痊愈）
2.其他名词后缀
02
Studying the rules
Suffix-后缀
-able: avoid →avoidable（可避免的）
-tive: attract→ attractive (有吸引力的)
-al: nation→ national （民族的）
-(i)ous: danger→ dangerous （危险的）
-ful: help→ helpful （有帮助的）
-less: care→ careless （粗心的）
-some: trouble→ troublesome (有麻烦的)
-ial: influence→ influential (有影响力的)
4. 动词后缀
-en: sharp →sharpen（使尖锐）
-fy: simple → simplify （使简化）
-ize: modern→ modernize （使现代化）
5. 副词后缀
-ly: happy →happily（高兴地）
-s: indoor→ indoors （在室内）
-ward(s): toward（趋向）
02
Studying the rules
找出段落中的派生词并猜测词义
The gesture “thumb-up” is commonly misinterpreted. In English, it is popularly known as ‘thumbs up’, despite the fact that the action is commonly performed with only one hand. English-speaking Caucasians use it to signal ‘OK’, which is the same meaning as O.K. ring gesture. The two can in fact be used almost interchangeably.
commonly 通常地； misinterpret 误解；
popularly 流行地；action 动作；interchangeably 可交换地
【即学即练】
02
Studying the rules
Acronym（缩略）
A word formed from the first letters of the words that make up the name of sth.
（缩略法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变）
World Health Organization→ WHO
Information Technology→ IT
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
2.截头缩略
1.首字母缩略
examination→exam
laboratory→lab
3.去尾缩略
02
Studying the rules
Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.
1. changing the part of speech（词性）
2. adding a prefix （前缀）or suffix（后缀）
3. abbreviating（缩略）
4. combining two or more words
a. Neither is there pine nor
apple in pineapple.
b. ... sculpt a sculpture
c. When we…see rain…
we can say “it raining”…
d. WHO
【即学即练】
03
Studying the rules
rain(形容词) ________ agree(反义)__________
nation(形容词)_______ farm(人)__________
recent(副词)________ friend(形容词)________
hope(形容词)_______ job(形容词)_________
visit(名词)__________ access(形容词) ________
eight(八十)________ true(名词)___________
kind(名词)_______ China(形容词)________
1. 按括号内的要求改写下列单词
rainy
national
recently
hopeful
visitor
eighty
kindness
disagree
farmer
friendly
jobless
accessible
truth
Chinese
03
Applying the rules
Practice (II) 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：
Harry Potter is a boy who is full of ________________ (imagine)
___________________ (congratulate)! You have done so well in the game.
I received a letter of ________________ (invite) but I didn’t accept it.
His late ____________(arrive) made a mess of our plan.
To the _________________(amaze) of the parents, their child can look after himself
without their help.
He did exercise to _________________ (strong) his muscles.
I went out to ________________( breath) the fresh air.
Don’t take his words ______________ (serious); he was just kidding.
The boy felt ____________ (comfort) with his new classmates, so he seldom spoke.
10. The _______________(popular) of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in
anything new.
11. The boy’s ___________ (usual) behavior puzzled the doctor.
12. He _____________ (like) those who are not well-behaved.
13. He was ________________ (formal) dressed in a blue silk shirt open to the neck.
imagination
Congratulations
invitation
arrival
amazement
strengthen
breathe
seriously
uncomfortable
popularity
unusual
dislikes
informally
03
Applying the rules

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