资源简介

Unit 2 Exploring English
明晰目标——构建单元体系
［核心单词］
title sculpt opposing behavior
confusing unique alarm reflect creativity
visible creative type unfamiliar contact
organization likely context addition resource
misadventure remind rather comment entrance
section exit actually downstairs odd
negative positive error intend informal
recognise base aware
［重点短语］ in one's free time, speaking of, wonder at, burn up, burn down, fill in/out, wind up, come across, play safe, have a frog in one's throat, look forward to, be aware of
［重点句型］1.have trouble （in） doing sth.
2.That/This is why...
3.not only 置于句首引起部分倒装
［单元语法］构词法
［写作任务］故事类记叙文
主题引领——话题语基培优
［Learning content］
translation n. 翻译
dialect n.方言
vocabulary n.词汇
grammar n.语法
proverb n.谚语
idiom n.成语，习语
spelling n.拼写
pronunciation n.发音
accent n.口音
oral/spoken English 英语口语
［Learning process］
recite v.背诵
practise v.练习
communicate with... 与……交流
refer to/consult the dictionary 查词典
keep an English journal/diary 写英文日记
look up words in the dictionary 在词典里查单词
watch English movies/TV series 看英文电影/电视剧
［Reasons］
cultural differences 文化差异
combination of different cultures 不同文化的融合
change with times 随时代而改变
spread by international trade 通过国际贸易传播
the needs of communication and education
交流和教育的需要
be influenced by immigration 受移民的影响
［Learning results］
improve v.提高
effective adj.有效的；起作用的
master vt.精通；掌握
be fluent in... ……流利
enlarge your vocabulary 扩大你的词汇量
话题佳句
1.There is no denying that English is of great importance, which can not only help us communicate with foreigners, but also offer an opportunity to learn from them. 不可否认，英语是非常重要的，它不仅可以帮助我们与外国人交流，而且可以提供一个向他们学习的机会。
2.Learning any language takes a lot of effort, but don't give up. Only by enthusiasm and perseverance can we have a good command of language.
学习任何语言都需要付出很多努力，但不要放弃。只有靠热情和毅力我们才能精通一门语言。
3.Learning a new language gives you access to many different cultures across the world.
学习一门新语言让你有机会接触到世界各地许多不同的文化。
Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
〈教材助读+语基默写〉见分册本
精读课文 语篇理解
Activity 1 Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Sharing the difficulty in learning different English words well.
B. Instructing how to spell difficult English words correctly.
C. Analyzing the reasons for inventing the English language.
D. Showing how interesting and creative the English language is.
[答案]D
Activity 2 Structure and Clues
[答案]crazy； word； phrase； creativity
Activity 3 Reading for Details
1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To show English is interesting and creative.
B. To tell us English is difficult to learn.
C. To direct our attention to the word formation.
D. To lead to the topic of discussion.
[答案]D
2．Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A. Because the English words show everything around us.
B. Because the English language helps us communicate with others.
C. Because the English language proves how creative human being is.
D. Because the English words are unique in the world.
[答案]C
3．What do we know from the last paragraph
A. English words always have the same meanings.
B. English words can't always describe what we feel.
C. English words sometimes confuse us.
D. English words can mean differently in different situations.
[答案]D
4．How does the author develop the passage
A. By providing examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By following the way of spelling.
D. By following the order of importance.
[答案]A
Activity 4 Structural Analysis
1．While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home.（Para.2）
［分析］本句中While和when均引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 从句；but为_ _ 连词，连接两个分句。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]时间状语； 并列； 旅游期间，我们可能会在海（sea）上晕船（seasick）、在空（air）中晕机（airsick）、在汽车（car）上晕车（carsick），但回到家（home）时不会晕家（homesick的实际意思为“想家的”）。
2．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!（Para.6）
［分析］ 本句中三个“in which”引导并列的定语从句，修饰先行词a language；其中as引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 从句，once引导_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 从句。
［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]时间状语； 时间状语； 你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，一座房子burn down（烧毁）时，它就burn up（烧毁）了；你通过fill out（填写）一张表格来fill in（填写）它；闹钟只有在go off（有“发出巨响”之意，还有“离开；停止运转”之意）时才被听到！
Activity 5 Grammar Filling for the passage
Why do people have trouble 1. （learn） English I hadn't asked myself that until one day my son asked me 2. there was ham in a hamburger, which got me 3. （think） how English can be a crazy language to learn.
There are many words that can be 4. （confuse） and also can make us wonder 5. the unique madness of English. For example, we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a 6. （paint）, but we take a photo. “Hard” and “soft” are opposite in meaning, 7. “hardly” and “softly” aren't. And do you read the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report as the “who” in “Who's that？” All the examples tell us that English 8. （invent） by people and it 9. （reflect） the creativity of the human race.
That's 10. when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
[答案]
1．learning
2．whether
3．thinking
4．confusing
5．at
6．painting
7．but
8．was invented
9．reflects
10．why
Activity 6 Discussion
1．What attitude should we have towards learning English
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]We should have a positive attitude towards learning English because a language is not only a tool for communication but also a window into a country. We can learn more about a country through language learning.
2．What do you think is the most important in learning English
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]I think the most important is to use what we learned in class. In our daily life,we should try our best to express ourselves in English as much as possible. Only when we speak it out loud can we have a good command of it and can we become more and more confident.
自查语基 知能落实
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
A.茄子
B.大写的
C.松树
D.晕车的
E.菠萝
F.晕船的
G.晕机的
H.火腿
I.想家的
1．pine n.
2．pineapple n.
3．ham n.
4．eggplant n.
5．seasick adj.
6．airsick adj.
7．carsick adj.
8．homesick adj.
9．capitalized adj.
[答案]
1．C
2．E
3．H
4．A
5．F
6．G
7．D
8．I
9．B
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．look through the _ _ _ _ of the article 浏览文章的标题
[答案]title
2．speak with a _ _ _ _ _ _ accent 用独特的口音说话
[答案]unique
3．set the _ _ _ _ for 6 o'clock 把闹钟定在6点钟
[答案]alarm
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．_ _ _ _ _ _ v.雕刻,雕塑→sculpture n.雕像,雕刻品,雕塑作品
[答案]sculpt
2．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj.（观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的→oppose v.反对；抵制→opposite n.对立的人（或物）；对立面adj.相反的；对立的prep.与……相对；在……对面adv.在对面，对过
[答案]opposing
3．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n.举止，行为→behave v.表现，举止
[答案]behavior
4．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adj.令人困惑的→confuse vt.使困惑 →confused adj.感到困惑的→confusion n.困惑
[答案]confusing
5．_ _ _ _ _ _ v.显示，反映；反射；思考→reflection n.反映；反射；映像；思考
[答案]reflect
6．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n.创造性，创造力→create vt.创造；创作；造成→creative adj.创造（性）的→creation n.创造；创作；作品
[答案]creativity
7．_ _ _ _ _ _ adj.看得见的，可见的→（反义词）invisible adj.看不见的；无形的
[答案]visible
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （在我的空闲时间）, I often go to the playground to play basketball.
[答案]In my free time
2．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （谈到） my bicycle, I really enjoy the feeling of freedom it gives me when I cycle through the open countryside.
[答案]Speaking of
3．We all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （对……感到诧异） the progress you have made in your English learning.
[答案]wonder at
4．The fire department arrived on the scene quickly and managed to contain the fire before it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （烧毁） the entire building.
[答案]burned down
5．When I went to the bank, I was required to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （填写） a form for opening a new account.
[答案]fill in/out
6．Mark wanted to _ _ _ _ _ _ （结束）the meeting as quickly as possible because he had a plane to catch.
[答案]wind up
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．“have trouble （in） doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难”
Have you ever asked yourself why people often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （在学习英语方面有困难）？（Para.1）
[答案]have trouble learning English
2．“neither...nor...”意为“既不……也不……”
This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［pineapple（菠萝）里既没有pine（松树）也没有apple（苹果）］.（Para.1）
[答案]Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple
3．get+宾语+宾语补足语
This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （让我开始思考） how English can be a crazy language to learn.（Para.1）
[答案]got me thinking
4．“That/This is why...”意为“那/这就是为什么……”
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （那就是为什么） when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.（Para.7）
[答案]That is why
创意课堂 点面突破
1 opposing adj.（观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
【经典例句】（教材P19） If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？ 如果“hard （坚硬的）”是“soft （柔软的）”的反义词，那为什么“hardly （几乎不）”和“softly （柔软地）”却不是一对反义词呢？
（1）opposite n. 对立的人（或物）；对立面 adj.相反的；对面的 be opposite to在……对面；与……相反 just the opposite恰恰相反 （2）oppose v.反对；抵制 oppose （doing） sth.反对（做）某事 （3）opposed adj.反对的；敌对的 be opposed to （doing） sth. 反对（做）某事
【单句语法填空/语段填空/完成句子】
（1） My sister opposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （organize） a party for my 18th birthday. Instead, she suggested going on a picnic.
（2） The twins have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ attitudes towards life. Thus, one is living happily and the other is just the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .（oppose）
（3） 很多人反对我的计划，所以我不得不放弃它，这让我很伤心。
Many people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， so I have to give it up， which makes me upset.［读后续写之情绪描写］
[答案]
（1） organizing
（2） opposing；opposite
（3） are opposed to/oppose my plan
2 confusing adj.令人困惑的；令人混淆的
【经典例句】（教材P20）Even the smallest words can be confusing.
即使最简单的单词也可能令人困惑。
（1）confuse vt. 使困惑；混淆 confuse...and/with...把……和……混淆 （2）confusion n.困惑；混淆 in confusion困惑地；混乱地 （3）confused adj.感到困惑的 be confused about sth.对某事感到困惑
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （confuse）.
（2） （人教必修一U1）Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. The first week was a little _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （confuse）.
（3） I was aware that this question made me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and I just stood there in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , not knowing what to do next.（confuse）
（4） 了解到你对中国的风俗习惯感到困惑，我写信告诉你一些细节。
Learning that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， I am writing to inform you of some details.［应用文写作之告知信］
[答案]
（1） confused
（2） confusing
（3） confused；confusion
（4） you are confused about the Chinese customs
v.-ing形式的形容词往往表示事物的性质和特征,意为“……的、令人……的”；v.-ed形式的形容词往往表示人所处的状态,意为“感到……的”。此外,修饰face、look、expression、voice等时,常用v.-ed形式的形容词。
3 reflect v.显示,反映；反射（光、热或声音）；思考
【经典例句】（教材P20）English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.
英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
（1）reflect on/upon...仔细考虑/沉思/反省…… （2）reflection n.反映；反射；映像；思考 on/upon reflection经再三思考
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （reflect） man's intelligence and creativity.
（2） （译林必修一U3）As we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （reflect） can lead to personal improvement.
（3） 不要害怕错误和失败，你必须通过反思它们来提高自己。
Don't be afraid of mistakes and failures；you have to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［应用文写作之建议信］
[答案]
（1） reflecting
（2） reflection
（3） improve yourself by reflecting on/upon them
4 “have trouble （in） doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难”
【经典例句】（教材P19）Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English？ 你是否曾经问过自己为什么人们常常在学习英语方面有困难？
（1）“have trouble （in） doing sth.”中的in可省略,trouble 为不可数名词,其前可用some、any、no、little等词来修饰。 （2）类似的结构还有：
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） You can't imagine what great trouble we will have _ _ _ _ _ _ （solve） the problem being discussed at the moment.
（2） 有些学生在语法方面有些困难，而其他学生在组织文章方面有困难，所以我写信邀请您给我们做一个关于英语写作的在线演讲。
Some students _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grammar while other students _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ an essay, so I'm writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.［应用文写作之邀请信］
[答案]
（1） solving
（2） have some trouble with；have trouble （in） organizing
在语法填空中,常将“have trouble （in） doing sth.”中的trouble提前作先行词,因此定语从句中have后常为 doing形式。
5 “That/This is why...”意为“那/这就是为什么……”
【经典例句】（教材P20）That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
那就是为什么星星out（出来）时,它们可以被看到,但是当灯out（熄灭）后,它们不能被看到。
“That is why...”中的why引导表语从句，表示结果。 （1）“That/This/It is because...”意为“那/这是因为……”，其中because引导表语从句，表示原因； （2）“The reason why...is/was that...”意为“……的原因是……”，其中why引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因。
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1） [（2024·全国甲卷）]Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's _ _ most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats.
（2） This was not an easy task. The reason _ _ this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
（3） 众所周知，阅读经典作品对我们来说非常重要。这是因为它不仅能提高我们的学业水平，而且能丰富我们的日常生活。
As we all know，reading classics is of great importance to us._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ［应用文写作之演讲稿］
[答案]
（1） why
（2） why
（3） This is because it can not only improve our studies but also enrich our everyday life.
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．You can't change people around you, but you can change your own attitude and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （举止） in daily life.
[答案]behavior
2．John has a _ _ _ _ _ _ （独特的） way to get across his opinion by using as few words as possible， which makes him stand out.
[答案]unique
3．That fashion differs from country to country may _ _ _ _ _ _ （反映） the cultural differences from one aspect.
[答案]reflect
4．His academic performance has been very good, but this time he failed, which is very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （令人困惑的）.
[答案]confusing
5．The water in the lake near our apartment is so clear that even the fish in it are v_ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]isible
6．Our English teacher told us to write a short composition with the t_ _ of “My Most Admired Person”, giving a description of the person's achievements.
[答案]itle
7．Set your a_ _ clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!
[答案]larm
8．The s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , which was created by a famous sculptor, is displayed in the center of the museum.
[答案]culpture
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．Make sure you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （填写） the form completely, or they may reject your application.
[答案]fill in/out
2．If you forget to turn off the gas when you are out，you might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （烧毁） the house.
[答案]burn down
3．The chairman _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （结束） his speech with a famous saying, “The only thing we can do is do our best and not worry about the future.”
[答案]wound up
4．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （说到） music, I really enjoy listening to classical music， because it offers a sense of calm.
[答案]Speaking of
5．I often play football with my classmates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （在我的空闲时间） to relax myself.
[答案]in my free time
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
1. ［得知你在学习英语方面有困难；have trouble （in） doing sth.］， I'm writing to give you some suggestions. While we are learning English，we are always confused about the words or the grammar. Actually，2. （这就是大多数学生认为英语很难学的原因；this is why...）.However，3. （实际上生词和语法都不难学；neither...nor...）. As we all know，all language learning needs lots of practice. To learn English well， you should only spend more time and practice more often. I am confident that keep it up and you will make progress sooner or later.
[答案]
1．Knowing that you have trouble learning English
2．this is why most of the students think English is difficult to learn
3．neither the new words nor the grammar is actually difficult to learn
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．It was obvious that I was going to be late， as I had mistakenly got on a bus that was taking me in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （oppose） direction.
[答案]opposite
2．At first sight, all the questions in the test paper were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , throwing me in such a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that I felt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about how to answer them. （confuse）
[答案]confusing； confusion； confused
3．It's a bad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （behave） to smoke in public places where smoking isn't allowed.
[答案]behavior
4．The school should create as many opportunities as possible for children to get close to nature, for the natural world will excite their interest and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , encouraging them to grow into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ people.（create）
[答案]creativity； creative
5．Literature is the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （reflect） of real life and the artists should pay attention to the times and society.
[答案]reflection
维度二 固定用法和搭配
1．After the big fire, the building was burned _ _ and only ashes （废墟） were left and many people were made homeless.
[答案]down
2．Please wind the discussion and let's move on to the next topic which is about the company's future plans and strategies.
[答案]up
3．He was opposed my suggestions on how to improve the project，which made me disappointed.
[答案]to
4．Speaking spelling, there are some clear differences between British English and American English.
[答案]of
5．It's a good habit for you to spend some time reflecting _ _ _ _ _ _ your successes and failures every month.
[答案]on/upon
维度三 完成句子/一句多译
1．在机器于生产高峰期发生故障后，他们请来一位专家技师使机器重新运转起来。（get+宾语+宾语补足语）
They _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by calling in an expert technician, after it had broken down during the peak production hours.
[答案]got the machine running
2．这位教授既不会说英语也不会说汉语，所以他刚来中国时和其他人交流有困难。［neither...nor...; have trouble （in） doing sth.］
This professor could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when he first came to China.
[答案]speak neither English nor Chinese； he had trouble （in） communicating with others
3．我今天下午有一个重要的会议要参加，这就是我不能和你一起去书店的原因。
（1） I will have an important meeting to attend this afternoon, and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ．（why引导表语从句）
（2） I can't go to the bookstore with you, and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ．（because引导表语从句）
（3） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I will have an important meeting to attend this afternoon.（why引导定语从句）
[答案]
（1） this is why I can't go to the bookstore with youthis is why I can't go to the bookstore with you
（2） this is because I will have an important meeting to attend this afternoon
（3） The reason why I can't go to the bookstore with you is that
维度四 融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教必修一U5】
Learning English
Wang Le
Hey, everybody, what are your biggest problems with learning English
Liu Wen
Hi! I've been studying English since primary school. I used to get high marks in English, but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words. I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice
Jia Xin
Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. Sometimes I even record my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio host's! My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. It's so much easier to just say “Open the window!”， but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who I'm talking to and then decide whether to say, “Open the window, please!” or “Could you open the window, please？” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please ”
Li Rui
Yeah, that's really hard! I think it all depends on who you're talking to. If I'm talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we're equals， so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. But if I'm talking to someone who isn't very close to me, I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question, not a demand, e．g.，“Could you open the window, please ” If I'm talking to someone senior to me, then I should say, “Would you mind opening the window, please ” For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words! I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can't remember how to use them all properly. HELP!
1．What's Liu Wen's problem with learning English
A. Listening to native English speakers.
B. Remembering the new words.
C. Speaking English fluently.
D. Writing with formal English.
2．Which of the following advice is NOT the one that Jia Xin gives Liu Wen
A. Listening to English radio programmes.
B. Repeating what she hears.
C. Listening to radio programs everyday.
D. Recording her voice and comparing with the radio host's.
3．What's Jia Xin's problem with learning English
A. How to communicate with foreigners.
B. How to be polite in English.
C. How to use English words.
D. How to speak correct English.
4．Which of the following advice is NOT the one that Li Rui gives Jia Xin
A. Using short requests for close friends.
B. Using longer requests for people who are not so close.
C. Using more polite phrases for people senior to you.
D. Learning word formation in English classes.
[答案]
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．D
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[（2025·青岛联考）]A
When I was ten years old, I went to the US to visit some family friends. We travelled all the way from California to Las Vegas. I noticed something funny about the way everyone spoke English. I was thinking, “This is the way they speak in films!”
At the beginning of the holiday, one of my friends asked me if I wanted to order “French fries”. I couldn't imagine what French fries were. What was fried and French Snails Cheese She was amazed that I had never tried them and she ordered a portion （份） for us to share. When the waiter brought us some chips, I asked her where the French fries were. She pointed to the plate of chips! Later that week she said she was going to buy some “chips” from the supermarket. She came out with a packet of crisps!
During that holiday we were also offered “biscuits and gravy” for our lunch. This was very odd to me, because in England biscuits are sweet while gravy is a salty, meat-based sauce. I later realized that “biscuits” in America are savoury （咸味的） snacks. What we call “biscuits”, they call “cookies”.
One day, I saw an “eggplant” pizza on the menu in a restaurant! Eggs do not grow on plants, I thought. What on earth could an “eggplant” be Something eggy and leafy My dad ordered this pizza and it was covered in aubergines. I asked him where the “eggplant” was. He laughed and pointed to the aubergines. He told me, “They call this ‘eggplant’ in America!”
Although the same “language” may be spoken in different countries, there are likely to be many differences, not just in vocabulary but also in spelling, grammar and pronunciation! I think part of the excitement of learning a language is discovering the differences in how it is spoken in different places.
1．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A. Holiday is a good time to relax.
B. Chips and crisps are the same food.
C. The waiter provided poor service.
D. French fries are popular worldwide.
2．Where does the author most probably come from
A. America. B. France. C. England. D. Italy.
3．How did the author feel when seeing an “eggplant” pizza on the menu
A. Confused. B. Regretful. C. Anxious. D. Excited.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A. Advantages of travelling. B. High-end restaurants.
C. Food and tradition. D. Cross-cultural misunderstanding.
[答案]
1．B
2．C
3．A
4．D
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Later that week she said...with a packet of crisps!”可知,作者的朋友要去超市买一些“chips”,然后她拿着一包“crisps”出来了,因此，“chips”和“crisps”是同一种食物。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This was very odd to me, because in England biscuits are sweet”可推知,作者来自英国。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“What on earth could an ‘eggplant’ be Something eggy and leafy ”可推知,当看到菜单上的茄子比萨饼时,作者感到困惑。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中的“Although the same ‘language’...grammar and pronunciation!”可知,本文讲述了作者在十岁时去美国游玩期间,因英式英语和美式英语的不同而产生误解的经历。因此，这篇文章主要是关于跨文化误解的。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者十岁时去美国游玩期间,因英式英语和美式英语的不同而产生误解的经历。
[（2025·开封高一检测）]B
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the younger people learn a second language, the greater the effect is.
A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density （密度） in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible,” he said.“You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34.Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better.“Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
5．Why does the author mention “exercise” in paragraph 2
A. To say language is also a kind of physical labor.
B. To prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language.
C. To show the importance of using the language when you learn the language.
D. To make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well.
6．What does the underlined word “bilinguals” probably mean in paragraph 4
A. A researcher on language learning.
B. A person who is good at learning foreign languages.
C. A person who can speak two languages.
D. An active language learner.
7．What may you know from the scientific findings
A. The earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is.
B. There is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn't know a second language.
C. The experience of learning a second language has a bad effect on people's brain.
D. The ability of learning a second language is changing all the time.
8．What is mainly talked about in this passage
A. Science on learning a second language.
B. Man's ability of learning a second language.
C. Language learning can help brain power.
D. Language learning and maths study.
[答案]
5．D
6．C
7．A
8．C
[解析]
5．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知,作者提到运动可以锻炼肌肉是为了证明学习外语可以改变灰质,从而提升脑力。
6．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“who had learnt a second language before the age of five”可知,这组人在五岁以前就开始学第二语言,因此他们是能讲两种语言的人。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推知,越早开始学习第二语言,脑中的灰质密度就越大。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据第二段中的“According to a new study...in your brain power.”可知,本文介绍了学习一门外语有助于提升脑力,让人更加聪明。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习一门外语有助于提升脑力,可以让人更加聪明。
Ⅱ.完形填空
[（2025·仁寿一中期中）]Alice is a student who came to my class last year. Though she has already turned 60, Alice looks so fit and 1 with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude. I am Alice's teacher in class, but I feel she is my teacher in life.
For my 2-hour class every Saturday morning, Alice has to take a 3-hour round trip. But she is never 2 for class. Alice is very passionate about learning English. She often says, “Don't 3 me as a 60-year-old. I am just a new beginner who wants to learn anything 4 . You know, I am very excited to come to the class!” So I feel a strong sense of 5 to make sure that what I teach makes sense to her.
Alice came to me only with very 6 English skills, but she turns out to be a very fast learner because she always puts English 7 on a daily basis. I check her 8 before every class. It is usually not what I 9 for the class, but rather something that she 10 to put together. She makes various sentences using the important words and phrases she learned from our previous class. I am always 11 by the quality of her homework.
I feel 12 to have a student like Alice. She has 13 me so much. Our interaction is a great learning 14 for both of us. Though I have no idea why she learns English, I hope I can help her 15 her dream, whatever it is.
1．A. strong B. cheerful C. calm D. proud
2．A. anxious B. ready C. late D. sorry
3．A. treat B. recognise C. mistake D. describe
4．A. carefully B. obviously C. creatively D. comfortably
5．A. humor B. achievement C. responsibility D. wonder
6．A. specific B. basic C. practical D. official
7．A. under discussion B. under control
C. in order D. in use
8．A. demand B. homework C. schedule D. attitude
9．A. revise B. save C. arrange D. collect
10．A. volunteers B. agrees C. promises D. happens
11．A. encouraged B. annoyed C. confused D. impressed
12．A. confident B. fortunate C. relaxed D. free
13．A. taught B. helped C. protected D. reminded
14．A. ability B. goal C. experience D. content
15．A. play safe with B. try out for C. let go of D. get closer to
[答案]
1．B
2．C
3．A
4．A
5．C
6．B
7．D
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．D
12．B
13．A
14．C
15．D
[解析]
1．根据下文“with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude”可知,虽然爱丽丝已经60岁了,但她看起来很健康,很乐观（cheerful）,笑容灿烂,态度热情。
2．根据上文“For my 2-hour class...round trip.”和never可知,为了每周六早上两个小时的课,爱丽丝要坐三个小时的车往返,但是她上课从不迟到（late）。
3．根据下文“as a 60-year-old”可知,爱丽丝经常说别把她看作60岁的人。treat...as...意为“把……看作……”。
4．根据上文“Alice is very passionate about learning English.”可知,爱丽丝对学英语很有激情,想要认真地（carefully）学习。
5．根据下文“to make sure that what I teach makes sense to her”可知,作者对爱丽丝有一种责任（responsibility）感,想要确保她能听懂自己教的东西。
6．根据下文“but she turns out to be a very fast learner”可知,爱丽丝起初来上课的时候只会一些基础的（basic）英语技巧。
7．根据下文on a daily basis可知,爱丽丝总是在日常生活中使用（in use）英语。
8．根据下文“I am always...her homework.”及语境可知,每节课前作者都会检查爱丽丝的家庭作业（homework）。
9．根据下文“She makes various sentences...she learned from our previous class.”可知,爱丽丝的作业不是作者在课堂上布置（arrange）的,是她自己自愿（volunteer）去做的。
10．参见上题解析。
11．根据语境可知,爱丽丝自发地写作业,而且作业质量还很高,给作者留下了深刻印象（impress）。
12．根据下文“She has...for both of us.”可知,有爱丽丝这样的学生让作者感到很幸运（fortunate）。
13．根据上文“I am Alice's teacher in class, but I feel she is my teacher in life.”可知,爱丽丝也教（teach）会了作者很多事情。
14．根据上文“I am Alice's teacher in class, but I feel she is my teacher in life.”可知,他们的互动对两人来说都是一次很好的学习经历（experience）。
15．根据下文her dream可知,作者希望帮助爱丽丝使她更接近（get closer to）梦想。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了爱丽丝对学习英语很有激情,而且积极主动学习,给身为老师的作者留下了深刻印象的故事。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese characters are so 1. （amaze） that even many foreigners are crazy about them. In the past three decades, Richard Sears 2. （focus） on one thing: telling many stories behind Chinese characters. His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972.He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology （词源）, which provides visitors with opportunities to check the development of Chinese characters in a variety 3. forms for free. Because of this well-received website, he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname （昵称） 4. was given by Chinese netizens.
In September, Sears set up 5. （he） studio in Nanjing as part of the local government's plan to promote Chinese culture. 6. （help） both Chinese and foreign learners have a better understanding of Chinese characters, the studio tells stories behind Chinese characters 7. the aid of technology. They have made over 60 videos in English with Chinese subtitles for a popular video website among young people.
8. （watch） the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters, leaving them a deep 9. （impress）. With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government's support, more people will appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters 10. （full）.
[答案]
1．amazing
2．has focused
3．of
4．which
5．his
6．To help
7．with
8．Watching
9．impression
10．fully
[解析]
1．考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知，Chinese characters为物，作主语，空处应用修饰事物的形容词作表语，表示“惊人的”。
2．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 根据时间状语In the past three decades可知，此处应用现在完成时；且主语Richard Sears为第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。
3．考查固定搭配。a variety of意为“各种各样的”，为固定搭配。
4．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a nickname,在从句中作主语，先行词指物，应用关系代词which引导。
5．考查代词。 空处修饰名词studio，应用形容词性物主代词his。
6．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语，单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
7．考查介词。 with the aid of为固定短语，意为“借助于，在……的帮助下”。
8．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作主语，应用动词-ing形式，且单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
9．考查名词。 空处应用名词形式作宾语，根据冠词a可知，应用单数形式。
10．考查副词。 修饰动词appreciate应用副词形式作状语。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了理查德·西尔斯一直专注于研究汉字的故事。
Period 2 Using language
构词法
要义详析 探究语法
一、转化法（词性转换）
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的构词法叫作转化法。
感知经典
（1）（教材P20）When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”． 当我们向窗外看去，看到rain（雨）或snow（雪）时，我们可以说“it's raining（下雨了）”或“it's snowing（下雪了）”。
（2）（人教必修一U1） I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
我想加入校足球队，但是教练说我踢得还不够好。
明悉规则
1.名词转化为动词
cook（n.厨师→v.烹饪）
name（n.名字→v.命名）
picture（n.画→v.描绘）
2.形容词转化为动词
calm（adj.平静的→v.使平静）
spare（adj.空闲的→v.抽出）
own（adj.自己的→v.拥有）
last（adj.最后的→v.持续）
3.形容词转化为副词
hard（adj.困难的→adv.努力地）
well（adj.健康的→adv.很好地）
二、派生法（前缀和后缀）
在一个词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，叫作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀为前缀，加在词根之后的词缀为后缀。
感知经典
（1）（教材P19）For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. 例如，在空闲时间我们可以sculpt a sculpture（雕刻一件雕塑品），paint a painting（画一幅画），但是要说take a photo（拍一张照片）。
（2）（教材P19）If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same 如果harmless actions（无害的行为）是harmful actions（有害的行为）的反义词，那为什么shameless behaviors（无耻的行为）和shameful behaviors（可耻的行为）是同义词呢？
（3）（教材P20）You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language.
你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。
（4）（教材P20）English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
（5）（教材P20）That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
那就是为什么星星out（出来）时，它们可以被看到，但是当灯out（熄灭）后，它们不能被看到。
（6）（人教必修一U1）The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese.
学校的指导老师帮助我选择了适合我的课程：数学、英语、化学、世界史和中文。
（7）（人教必修一U1） Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community.
每周三，我们会在食品救济站里干活，把食物分发给社区里的无家可归者。
明悉规则
1.动词变名词后缀
（1）-y
discover→discovery发现
（2）-er/-or/-ar/-ee
employ→employer雇主
educate→educator教育工作者
beg→beggar乞丐
employ→employee雇员
（3）-al
arrive→arrival到达
（4）其他
choose→choice选择
think→thought思想，思考
2.形容词变名词后缀
（1）-y/-ty/-ity
difficult→difficulty困难
safe→safety安全
major→majority大多数
（2）-th
warm→warmth温暖
（3）-ness
happy→happiness幸福
（4）-ce
different→difference差异
3.形容词变副词后缀
（1）直接加-ly
certain→certainly肯定地
（2）以-y结尾的词，变y为i再加-ly
happy→happily高兴地
（3）以-le结尾的词，去e加y
terrible→terribly非常
simple→simply简单地
4.否定前缀
（1）un-
healthy→unhealthy不健康的
（2）im-
possible→impossible不可能的
（3）dis-
like→dislike不喜欢
（4）mis-
understand→misunderstand误解
（5）in-
formal→informal非正式的
（6）non-
smoker→non-smoker不吸烟的人
5.其他意义的前缀、后缀
（1）re-
write→rewrite重写
（2）-less
use→useless无用的
三、合成法
由两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫作合成词，这种构词法称为合成法。最常见的合成法包括合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成副词、合成介词。词与词之间有的用连字符连接，有的直接连接在一起。
感知经典
（1）（教材P19）I hadn't, until one day my five -year -old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. 我一直没有问过自己这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我hamburger（汉堡）里是否有ham（火腿）。
（2）（教材P19）This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either. 这让我意识到eggplant（茄子）里面也没有egg（鸡蛋）。
（3）（教材P19）Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. pineapple（菠萝）里既没有pine（松树）也没有apple（苹果）。
（4）（译林必修一U2）It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too. 平衡你不断变化的心理需求可能也是一件令人头痛的事。
（5）A few days ago, I went out for a dinner get-together with some friends. 几天前，我和一些朋友出去吃晚饭。
（6）（译林必修一U1）As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills. 作为一名高中生，你必须努力提高沟通技巧和解决问题的能力。
（7）（北师大必修一U3）Somehow, at the time, I didn't know she was sick.
不知怎的，那时我不知道她病了。
（8）（北师大必修一U3）Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. 纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经发生了变化，但是节日的精神——家庭的精神——在很大程度上被保留了下来。
明悉规则
1.合成名词
（1）名词+名词
sportsman男运动员
（2）名词+动词
sunrise日出
（3）名词+动词-ing
sightseeing观光
handwriting书法
（4）动词+名词
playground操场
（5）动词+副词
breakthrough突破
（6）过去分词+副词
grown-up成年人
2.合成形容词
（1）名词+动词-ing
English-speaking讲英语的
peace-loving爱好和平的
（2）形容词+名词+-ed
warm-hearted热心的
（3）数词+名词+-ed
three-storeyed三层的
（4）数词+名词+形容词
three-year-old三岁的
（5）副词+过去分词
well-informed见多识广的
3.合成动词
（1）形容词+动词
whitewash 粉刷
（2）副词+动词
overcome 战胜
（3）名词+动词
sleepwalk 梦游
4.合成副词
（1）形容词+副词
anywhere 无论哪里
（2）副词+副词
however 无论如何
（3）介词+副词
forever 永远
（4）介词+名词
downstairs 在楼下
5.合成介词
（1）副词+名词
inside 在……里
（2）介词+副词
without 没有
（3）副词+介词
into 到……里
四、缩略法
把原词的音节加以省略或简化，从而在拼写和读音上都呈现出新的形式的构词方法叫作缩略法。缩略法最常见的一种形式就是首字母缩略。
感知经典
（1）（教材P20）When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who's that？”
在医学报告中看到大写的“WHO（世界卫生组织）”时，你会将它理解为“Who's that？（那是谁？）”中的“who（谁）”吗？
（2）（教材P20）What about “IT” and “US”？
那么“IT”和“US”呢？
明悉规则
1.首字母缩略法
Automated Teller Machine→ATM自动取款机
Very Important Person→VIP贵宾
World Trade Organization→WTO世界贸易组织
2.截头法
airplane→plane飞机
telephone→phone电话
3.去尾法
examination→exam考试
photograph→photo照片
laboratory→lab实验室
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.写出下列句中加黑词的词性及含义
1．She's willing to shoulder the burden of caring for her elderly parents._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]v.承担，担负
2．After work， the saleswoman usually goes home to rest and spend time with her family._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]n.女售货员
3．He was ill for some days， and his wife nursed him kindly._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]v.看护，照料
4．The hotel isn't clean and it needs a good clean.It is better to clean it every day._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]adj.干净的；n.打扫；vt.打扫
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．On a _ _ _ _ _ _ （storm） night, his son was missing on the way back home. The family was extremely worried and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （immediate） called the police for help.
[答案]stormy； immediately
2．The information you gave us was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （correct）, so we didn't find the museum and got lost on the way.
[答案]incorrect
3．As is known to all, Edison was a great _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . During his life he had many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .（invent）
[答案]inventor； inventions
4．Mr. Lee said that the smiles and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （happy） of the children gave him great courage every day.
[答案]happiness
5．She is the leader of an international _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （organize） whose aim is to protect natural resources.
[答案]organization
6．The red car is more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （comfort） but costs much more, while the white one doesn't use much gas.
[答案]comfortable
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 写出下列句中加黑词的词性及含义
1．There are more newly-built houses in this village than in that one._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]adj.新建的
2．The middle-aged woman is going to visit her mother this afternoon._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]adj.中年的
3．They decided to have another paper-making factory set up in this town._ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]n.造纸
4．The doctor advised her to take more exercise.So, to keep fit, she exercises twice a day._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]n．运动；vi.运动，锻炼（身体）
5．I'm unfamiliar with this type of typewriter, so I made several mistakes. This letter needs to be typed again._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]n.类型,种类;v.（用计算机或打字机）打字
6．He fooled a lot of people into believing that he was noble -minded._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]vt.愚弄；adj.思想高尚的
7．After work, the saleswoman didn't head straight home._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]n.女售货员
8．Children tend to sleepwalk more when they are overly tired or stressed._ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]vi.梦游
维度二 选词填空
absent-minded， passer-by， peace-loving， notebook， ready-made
1．When I use my dictionary， I write down all the new words I learn in this little _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
2．The boy is often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in class，but sometimes he can listen to the teacher closely.
3．Some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lent me a hand when they saw me get into trouble, which I deeply appreciated.
4．The man is so fat that he can hardly find any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ clothes that fit him well.
5．China is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nation and always maintains friendly relations with other countries.
[答案]
1．notebook
2．absent-minded
3．passers-by
4．ready-made
5．peace-loving
维度三 单句语法填空
1．The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （music） along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.
[答案]musician
2．If we human beings keep on killing the wildlife，some animals will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （appear） completely.
[答案]disappear
3．I am writing to apply for the position as a volunteer in the student exchange program. First, I'm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （friend） and easy-going.
[答案]friendly
4．Many accidents are caused by some drivers' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （careless） and irresponsible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （behave） on the road.
[答案]carelessness； behavior
5．The Spring Festival is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （tradition） Chinese holiday and people in the north often eat dumplings on the first day of the lunar year.
[答案]traditional
6．Tom was _ _ _ _ _ _ （happy） because his father didn't allow him to go out with his friends this weekend.
[答案]unhappy
7．After working hard for a long time, he found his great _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （improve） in his lessons.
[答案]improvement
8．There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （disappoint）.
[答案]disappointed
9．A student should read as many books as he can, which helps _ _ _ _ _ _ （broad） his horizons and _ _ _ _ _ _ （rich） his mind.
[答案]broaden； enrich
10．It's important to face challenges with an open mind, as they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （possible） bring unexpected opportunities.
[答案]possibly
11．I am not saying you did badly in the English exam，but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （honest） you could do better.
[答案]honestly
12．Climbing Mount Qomolangma is considered a lifelong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （achieve） for many adventurers.
[答案]achievement
13．Do you honestly know what all those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （addition） features are for anyway
[答案]additional
14．Since noodles mean long life, it is considered very _ _ _ _ _ _ （lucky） to cut them off.
[答案]unlucky
15．You might think he was a _ _ _ _ _ _ （beg）, but actually he was an artist.
[答案]beggar
16．The _ _ _ _ （true） is that the committee gave its approval to the plan after second thought.
[答案]truth
17．This is a new programme to _ _ _ _ _ _ （able） older people to study at college, which provides a variety of courses and opportunities for them to learn new skills and knowledge.
[答案]enable
18．It is hoped that _ _ _ _ _ _ （nature） resources will be found on Mars in the near future.
[答案]natural
19．Parents hope their lovely children grow happily and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （healthy） every day.
[答案]healthily
20．David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （bright） up the room.
[答案]brighten
维度四 语篇填空
Thanks to the 1. （develop） of technology, our life has been influenced in almost every aspect. In the future, our cars, which are very 2. （help） to people's travel, will be controlled by not 3. （drive） but robots. In this way, traffic accidents will 4. （appear）.To make up for the 5. （short） of labor, many countries are developing robot industry. Because of its high 6. （efficient）, the application of robots has been 7. （wide） recognized. It seems inevitable （不可避免的） that robots will have the 8. （able） to do more and more jobs that are currently performed by humans. Some experts fear that hundreds of thousands of jobs could be out of 9. （exist） as robots replace human workers, which is rather 10. （worry）.
[答案]
1．development
2．helpful
3．drivers
4．disappear
5．shortage
6．efficiency
7．widely
8．ability
9．existence
10．worrying
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I still remember the day like it was yesterday. My friend Juan and I were sitting in our class library talking about something in Spanish. Suddenly,our teacher Ms Conchita stopped us. She said,“Isidro,you are going to be on the other side from today.”
What is this “other side” you say Well, at the time, it was how our school divided the ESL （English as a Second Language） learners. At different times throughout the day, our classroom was divided. On the one side, continuous instruction in English;on the other side, instruction in Spanish.
As I got up and walked to the other side, I could see everyone on the English-speaking side look at me with surprise and confusion. Sure, I knew many of them as they were part of my class, but I felt a bit uncomfortable. I never truly spent time talking with these classmates as English was something I was not comfortable with.
I took a seat next to a boy named Jonathan, and did my best to pay attention. As scared as I was, I felt accomplished （熟练的）.For three years, I had been part of the ESL programme. I spoke nothing but Spanish and made Spanish-speaking friends only. I finally made the jump to “normal” instruction.
As I started to immerse （沉浸在） myself in the language, slowly but surely my English began to improve. I could always speak in that language. I started to make more English-speaking friends. Furthermore, I started to understand the things I was really into.
Today, when parents of EAL （English as an Additional Language） students ask me how their children can get better at English, I look back at how I learnt English well. Then I give them my advice.
1．Why did the teacher stop the author and his friend Juan
A. Because they were talking too loudly.
B. Because she didn't want the students to talk.
C. Because she had something to tell his friend.
D. Because the author needed to be with some others.
2．What prevented the author from talking with his classmates on the other side
A. Not being good at English. B. Not being popular with others.
C. Being busy with his schoolwork. D. Being afraid to make new friends.
3．How did the author feel when he joined those classmates
A. Scared and angry. B. Nervous but good.
C. Proud and confident. D. Surprised but disappointed.
4．What did the author probably advise those parents to do
A. To learn English well themselves first.
B. To ask their children's teachers for help.
C. To encourage their children to study harder.
D. To provide an English-speaking environment.
[答案]
1．D
2．A
3．B
4．D
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As I got up...surprise and confusion.”可知,老师叫停作者和他的朋友讲话是因为作者需要与另外一组同学坐在一起。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I never truly spent time...I was not comfortable with.”可知,作者的英语不太好,所以他从未花时间与那些讲英语的同学交谈。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知,加入另外一组时,作者感到紧张,但是他认为自己终于跳转到“正常”了,所以感觉很好。
4．推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可推知,作者很可能建议那些父母给孩子提供一个说英语的环境。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者用沉浸式方法学好英语的经历。
[（2025·镇江高一月考）]B
The Internet has developed into a global platform connecting people worldwide. With over 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, it's unsurprising that many languages are used on the Internet. However, English content takes up over half of all written content online, despite only around 16% of the world's population speaking this language.
According to W3Techs, the most common language on the Internet is English, accounting for about 55% of all websites. Spanish comes in second place with 5%, followed by Russian 4.9%, Japanese 3.7%, Chinese 1.5%.
Why is English the main language on the Internet Firstly, the Internet was developed in English-speaking countries, and many of the early users of the Internet were also English speakers. Secondly, the United States has been a global leader in technology and creation, which has helped make English the Internet language. Thirdly, English is the world's most commonly taught second language.
The language used by people on the Internet has important online and offline influences. It plays an important role in determining the inclusivity （包容性） or exclusivity of the online world and can lead to the digital （数字的） divide between those who have chances to digital spaces and those who are marginalized （边缘化）.
As the Internet becomes more handy to people worldwide, the use of local languages is likely to increase. Technology companies are already developing tools to translate websites and social media platforms into different languages, making it easier for non-English speakers to learn information and communicate online. However, this will require more efforts in language technology and support for non-English languages.
We need to see a more diverse and inclusive Internet satisfying non-English speakers' needs in the future. What's more, efforts to develop multilingualism （多语言） and language education can bridge the digital language divide and help more people take part in the global digital economy.
5．What percentage of the world's population speaks English according to the passage
A. 55%. B. 16%. C. 5%. D. 4.9%.
6．Why is English the main language on the Internet
A. It is the easiest language to learn.
B. It is the official language of the United Nations.
C. It is the world's most commonly taught first language.
D. It is the language of early Internet users and technology.
7．What can be learned about the future of the Internet from the last paragraph
A. The digital divide will widen further.
B. More languages will be used on the Internet.
C. The use of English will decrease greatly.
D. All websites will be translated into one language.
8．What is the passage mainly about
A. The history of the Internet's development.
B. The importance of English in global communication.
C. The challenges faced by non-English speakers online.
D. The language diversity on the Internet and its influences.
[答案]
5．B
6．D
7．B
8．D
[解析]
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, English content takes up...16% of the world's population speaking this language.”可知，世界上讲英语的人口比例是16%。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Why is English the main language...which has helped make English the Internet language.”可知，英语之所以是互联网上的主要语言，是因为它是早期互联网用户和技术的语言。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，互联网发展的方向是更多样化、更包容，以及弥合数字语言鸿沟，让更多的人参与全球数字经济。由此可推知，在未来，更多的语言将在互联网上使用。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了关于互联网上的语言多样性及其影响。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了互联网上语言的多样性及其影响，解释了英语作为主要语言的原因，并展望了未来互联网语言的多样性和包容性发展。
[（2025·重庆一中期中）]C
There are 6,909 languages actively being spoken in the world today, although only about six percent of them have more than a million speakers each. People in many different countries see the value of learning a foreign language to improve their international business relations. Because of this, the number of people who speak certain languages will continue to rise. There are some languages that currently dominate the globe.
With more than 1.4 billion people living in China today, it is no surprise that Chinese is the most commonly spoken language. Due to the size of China's area and population, the country is able to sustain many unique and interesting languages. When speaking of languages, the term “Chinese” contains at least 15 dialects （方言） spoken in the country and elsewhere. While Spanish is not a commonly heard language in most parts of Africa, Asia, and the majority of Europe, that hasn't stopped it from becoming the second most commonly spoken language. The spread of the Spanish language is rooted in colonization （殖民）. English too, was a colonial language: British colonial efforts began in the 15th century and lasted until the early 20th century, including places as far-flung as North America, India and Pakistan, Africa, and Australia. After World War Ⅱ, the United States led the world in both technological and medical innovation. Because of this, it was considered beneficial for students pursuing work in these fields to learn English. English is also a useful language for travelers to learn because it is spoken in so many parts of the globe.
Since the popularity of social media, the development of a Global Language Network can be mapped using book translations, social media platforms, and online encyclopedia（百科全书）. These social networks are only available to elites, people with access to both traditional and new media. Statistics of use from these social networks indicate that while English is definitely the center in the Global Language Network, other intermediate centers used by elites to communicate business and science information include German, French, and Spanish. Currently, languages such as Chinese, Arabic, and Hindi are vastly more popular than German or French, and it is likely that those languages will grow in use of traditional and new media.
9．What does the underlined word “dominate”in paragraph 1 mean
A. Rule. B. Follow. C. Improve. D. Weaken.
10．Which of the following does not contribute to the widespread use of Chinese
A. The large population of China.
B. The various dialects of Chinese.
C. The geographical size of China.
D. Its influence in global colonization.
11．Why do many people choose to learn English as a foreign language
A. It promotes national tourism.
B. It is helpful for them to seek jobs.
C. It is mainly used in local business.
D. It allows them to become online influencers.
12．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. English will become less central in the future.
B. Social media is equally accessible to all people.
C. Hindi grows more important than Spanish in business.
D. Language use is changing due to social media use.
[答案]
9．A
10．D
11．B
12．D
[解析]
9．词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，目前有些语言在全球占据主导地位，因此画线词应意为“主导、支配”，与A项相符。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Due to the size...in the country and elsewhere.”可知，中国庞大的人口、地域面积以及多种方言是汉语广泛使用的原因，因此，D项并不是汉语广泛使用的原因。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After World WarⅡ...in these fields to learn English.”可知，很多人选择学习英语作为外语是为了找工作。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，随着社交媒体的发展，语言的使用和传播正在发生变化。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球范围内语言的使用情况和一些主要语言的特点及发展趋势。
Ⅱ.七选五
[（2025·泰安一中期中）]Why Learn English Through the News
Learning English through the news is a great way to improve your vocabulary, listening and discussion skills. You can choose from written, audio（音频的）, video and live TV news with resources both online and offline. 1.
Clear English
2. Their job is to give facts and summarize events for the public. English news can be easier for ESL （English as a second language） learners to understand because it has a clear context.
Latest information
The modern news media provides a constant stream of real-life English conversations and fresh information! 3. When you learn English through the news, you have the chance to find out what is happening in the world right now and to interact with these stories through comments and discussion.
Read, watch, and listen
English news comes in many different forms and this gives you a greater choice when learning the language. If you prefer reading, there are online newspapers and simpler news websites for you. If you want to improve your listening and vocabulary skills, there are also TV news channels, online videos, radio stations and podcasts （播客）. 4.
Relevant （相关的） to you
Fresh news is produced daily on every imaginable topic! 5. All you have to do is look online! If you are not interested in politics and “serious” news, why not focus on sports news or the latest from the music scene
A.Popular stories often appear in all of these forums.
B.English news is worth including in your study plan for the following reasons.
C.An effective way to learn English is by frequently watching En

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