Unit 2 Getting along重要词汇用法拆解学案(练习题+答案解析)【外研版2024英语八年级英语上册】

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Unit 2 Getting along重要词汇用法拆解学案(练习题+答案解析)【外研版2024英语八年级英语上册】

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Unit 2 Getting along重要词汇用法解析
内容提要:
词汇用法讲解
重点短语归纳
分类记忆拓展
词汇巩固练习题
练习题答案解析
一、核心单词讲解
1. selfish /'self / adj. 自私的
常用搭配:a selfish person 自私的人;
selfish behavior 自私的行为
例句:"How selfish I've been!" he says.
(《The Selfish Giant》第 7 段)他说:“我曾经多么自私啊!”
拓展:反义词 unselfish(无私的)
giant /'d a nt/ n. 巨人;
高大的人或物
常用搭配:a giant in the story 故事中的巨人;
giant steps 巨大的进步
例句:The Selfish Giant 自私的巨人(课文标题)
词源:源自希腊语 “gigas”,意为 “巨人”
shout / a t/ v. 大喊
常用搭配:shout at sb. 对某人大喊;
shout out 大声说出
例句:"What are you doing here " he shouts in a very angry voice.
(第 2 段)他用非常愤怒的声音喊道:“你们在这里做什么?”
辨析:shout(愤怒或激动地喊)vs whisper(低语)
since /s ns/ prep. 自从…… 以来
常用搭配:since then 从那以后;
since + 时间点 自从……
例句:Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.(第 3 段)
从那以后,他再也没在那里见过孩子。
语法点:引导现在完成时(has/have + 过去分词)
nor /n / conj. 也不(用于否定句后)
常用搭配:neither...nor... 既不…… 也不……;
nor + 倒装句
例句:But spring never comes, nor summer.(第 5 段)
但春天从未到来,夏天也没有。
注意:nor 后接动词时需倒装(如:Nor did he reply.)
hole /h l/ n. 洞,孔,坑
常用搭配:a hole in the wall 墙上的洞;
dig a hole 挖洞
例句:The Giant sees a hole in the wall.(第 7 段)
巨人看到墙上有个洞。
同音词:whole(完整的)
afraid / 'fre d/ adj. 害怕的,恐惧的,担心的
常用搭配:be afraid of sth. 害怕某物;
be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事
例句:The children look afraid.
(第 8 段)孩子们看起来很害怕。
拓展:afraid + that 从句(I'm afraid that... 恐怕……)
return /r 't n/ v. 返回,归还
常用搭配:return to + 地点 回到某地;
return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人
例句:The children return, and the garden is lively again.
(阅读图表)孩子们回来,花园又变得生机勃勃。
词形变化:return n. 回归(如:the return of spring 春天的回归)
lively /'la vli/ adj. 充满活力的,生气勃勃的,活跃的
常用搭配:a lively discussion 热烈的讨论;
lively music 活泼的音乐
例句:The children return, and the garden is lively again.
(阅读图表)孩子们回来,花园又变得生机勃勃。
辨析:lively(充满活力的)vs alive(活着的)
argue /'ɑ ɡju / v. 争论,辩论
常用搭配:argue with sb. 与某人争论;
argue about sth. 争论某事
例句:Two local families... argued over the dividing line.
(Reading for writing 第 2 段)两个当地家庭…… 为分界线争吵。
名词:argument(争论)
agreement / 'ɡri m nt/ n. 意见一致,协议
常用搭配:reach an agreement 达成一致;
in agreement with 同意
例句:They couldn't reach an agreement.
(第 2 段)他们无法达成一致。
词形变化:agree v. 同意
ashamed / ' e md/ adj. 惭愧的
常用搭配:be ashamed of sth. 为某事感到羞愧;
be ashamed to do sth. 羞于做某事
例句:After reading it, the Zhang family felt ashamed.
(第 3 段)读完后,张家感到惭愧。
拓展:ashamedly adv. 惭愧地
drift /dr ft/ v. 漂泊,随意移动
常用搭配:drift along 随波逐流;drift apart 逐渐疏远
例句:as time continues to drift 随着时间继续流逝(诗中句子)
名词:drift n. 漂流(如:the drift of the boat 船的漂流)
二、重点短语归纳
短语
释义
例句
课文出处
shout at
对…… 大喊
He shouts at them in a very angry voice.
Understanding ideas 第 2 段
since then
从那以后
Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.
Understanding ideas 第 3 段
neither...nor...
既不…… 也不……
But spring never comes, nor summer.
Understanding ideas 第 5 段
be afraid of
害怕……
I guess I'm just afraid.
Developing ideas 对话
argue over
为…… 争吵
Two families argued over the dividing line.
Reading for writing 第 2 段
reach an agreement
达成一致
They couldn't reach an agreement.
Reading for writing 第 2 段
三、单词分类记忆拓展
人物性格与行为
selfish /'self /adj. 自私的
搭配:a selfish person /behavior 反义:unselfish
giant /'d a nt/n. 巨人
搭配:the Selfish Giant(标题);a giant in stories
shout / a t/v. 大喊
搭配:shout at sb.;shout in an angry voice
argue /'ɑ ɡju /v. 争论
搭配:argue over sth.;argue with sb.
二、情感与心理状态
afraid / 'fre d/adj. 害怕的
搭配:be afraid of sth.;look afraid
ashamed / ' e md/adj. 惭愧的
搭配:feel ashamed;be ashamed of sth.
uncertain / n's tn/adj. 不确定的
搭配:feel uncertain;be uncertain about
逻辑与时间关系
since /s ns/prep. 自从
搭配:since then;since + 时间点
nor /n /conj. 也不
搭配:neither...nor...;nor + 倒装句
whenever /wen'ev r/conj. 每当
搭配:whenever + 句子
故事元素与场景
hole /h l/n. 洞
搭配:a hole in the wall;dig a hole
return /r 't n/v. 返回
搭配:return to + 地点;return sth. to sb.
lively /'la vli/adj. 充满活力的
搭配:a lively garden;lively discussion
lane /le n/n. 巷
搭配:narrow lane;Liu Chi Xiang(Six-chi Lane)
冲突与解决
divide /d 'va d/v. 分开
搭配:dividing line;divide...into...
agreement / 'ɡri m nt/n. 一致
搭配:reach an agreement;in agreement
poem /p m/n. 诗
搭配:write a poem;poem in the story
文化与拓展
drift /dr ft/v. 漂泊
搭配:as time drifts;drift along
neighbor /'ne b /n. 邻居
搭配:give up to neighbor;good neighbor
语法相关(现在完成时)
since /s ns/ 时间标志
用法:since + 过去时间点 → 主句用现在完成时
例句:The 74-year-old has sold ice creams for 17 years.(Grammar 部分)
for /f / 时间段
用法:for + 时间段 → 与现在完成时连用
例句:He has done this for 4 years.(Grammar 部分)
重点短语
短语 释义 例句
shout at 对…… 大喊 He shouts at them in anger.
since then 从那以后 No children came since then.
argue over 为…… 争吵 Families argue over the line.
reach an agreement 达成一致 They couldn't reach an agreement.
step back 退让 Step back three chi.
词汇练习题
一、词汇选择题
1. The little boy was too ______ to speak in front of the class.
A. selfish B. afraid C. lively D. giant
2. They ______ about who should clean the room yesterday.
A. shouted B. returned C. argued D. drifted
3. ______ then, she has never missed a class.
A. Since B. Nor C. Although D. Instead
4. The ______ in the wall allowed the children to enter the garden.
A. hole B. lane C. market D. gift
5. Don't be ______! You should share your snacks with others.
A. lively B. selfish C. afraid D. wise
6. The garden became ______ again after the children came back.
A. empty B. crowded C. lively D. narrow
7. She felt ______ because she lied to her friend.
A. ashamed B. cheerful C. uncertain D. priceless
8. We couldn't ______ an agreement on where to go for vacation.
A. reach B. shout C. return D. argue
9. The story is about a ______ who learns to share.
A. wizard B. giant C. neighbor D. athlete
10. "I don't like coffee, ______ do I like tea."
A. so B. nor C. but D. and
二、词汇填空题
1. The ______ (selfishness) man never helps his neighbors.
2. She ______ (shout) at me when she saw the broken vase.
3. We have been friends ______ (since/for) five years.
4. His ______ (agree) to help made us very happy.
5. The ______ (lively) of the party made everyone excited.
6. They ______ (argument) over the best movie last night.
7. I'm ______ (shame) of what I said to my mother.
8. The ______ (giant) steps in science amazed us all.
9. ______ (lucky), he found the missing key in the garden.
10. The ______ (divide) line between the two countries is clear.
三、句子翻译题
1. 他对我大喊,因为我弄坏了他的自行车。(shout at)
2. 自从上周以来,她就没见过那个巨人。(since)
3. 我们不应该自私,而应该学会分享。(selfish)
4. 他们为了一条分界线争吵,无法达成一致。(argue over; reach an agreement)
5. 墙上的洞让孩子们能进入花园。(hole)
6. 读完这首诗后,他感到很惭愧。(ashamed)
词汇练习题答案与解析
选择题
(1-5 BCAAB 6-10 CAABB)
1. B. afraid:too...to... 结构,“太害怕而不敢说话”。
2. C. argued:argue about sth. 争论某事,符合 “为谁打扫房间争吵”。
3. A. Since:since then 从那以后,与现在完成时连用。
4. A. hole:墙上的 “洞” 让孩子进入花园,其他选项不符合语境。
5. B. selfish:“不要自私,应该分享零食”,selfish 含贬义。
6. C. lively:孩子们回来后花园变得 “生机勃勃”,lively 表示充满活力。
7. A. ashamed:撒谎后感到 “惭愧”,ashamed 符合内疚的情绪。
8. A. reach:reach an agreement 达成一致,固定搭配。
9. B. giant:故事关于学会分享的 “巨人”,对应课文《The Selfish Giant》。
10. B. nor:neither...nor... 固定结构,“既不喜欢咖啡,也不喜欢茶”。
二、填空题
1. selfish:形容词修饰 man,selfishness 为名词,需转换。
2. shouted:根据 saw 可知用过去式,shout at sb. 对某人大喊。
3. for:for + 时间段(五年),since + 时间点。
4. agreement:his 后接名词,agree 的名词形式为 agreement。
5. liveliness:the + 名词,lively 的名词为 liveliness(活力)。
6. argued:last night 提示过去式,argument 为名词,此处需动词。
7. ashamed:be ashamed of 固定搭配,shame 转换为形容词。
8. giant:giant steps 巨大的进步,giant 作形容词 “巨大的”。
9. Luckily:副词修饰整个句子,lucky 变副词加 - ly。
10. dividing:dividing line 分界线,现在分词作定语。
三、翻译题
1. He shouted at me because I broke his bike.
(解析:shout at sb. 对某人大喊,用过去式与 broke 呼应。)
She hasn't seen the giant since last week.
(解析:since + 时间点,用现在完成时 hasn't seen。)
We shouldn't be selfish, but learn to share.
(解析:selfish 形容词作表语,but 连接转折句。)
They argued over a dividing line and couldn't reach an agreement.
(解析:argue over 为…… 争吵,reach an agreement 达成一致。)
The hole in the wall allowed the children to enter the garden.
(解析:allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事,hole 作主语。)
He felt ashamed after reading the poem.
(解析:feel ashamed 感到惭愧,after + 动名词结构。)

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