Unit 3 Make it happen! 重要词汇用法拆解学案(练习题+答案解析)【外研版2024英语八年级英语上册】

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Unit 3 Make it happen! 重要词汇用法拆解学案(练习题+答案解析)【外研版2024英语八年级英语上册】

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Unit 3 Make it happen! 重要词汇用法解析
内容提要:
词汇用法讲解
重点短语归纳
词汇巩固练习题
练习题答案解析
一、核心单词讲解
1. fair /fe (r)/ n. 展览会,
集市
常用搭配:science fair 科学展览会;
at a fair 在展览会上
例句:Easton LaChappelle stood beside his work at a science fair.
(《A helping hand》第 1 段)
拓展:fair adj. 公平的
artificial / ɑ t f l/ adj. 人造的,人工的
常用搭配:artificial arm 假肢;
artificial intelligence 人工智能
例句:"Hello," said a girl with an artificial arm.(第 2 段)
词形变化:artificially adv. 人造地
cost /k st/ v. 价格为,需支付,花费(金钱)
常用搭配:cost + 金额 花费…… 钱;
cost sb. sth. 使某人付出……
例句:Her artificial arm was just a simple hook, but it cost $80,000.(第 3 段)
注意:过去式 / 过去分词同形(cost-cost)
lend /lend/ v. 帮助;搭把手
;借出
常用搭配:lend a hand 帮助;
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
例句:"I must lend a hand to people like her."(第 4 段)
辨析:lend(借出)vs borrow(借入)
3-D printer /θri di pr nt (r)/ n. 三维打印机
常用搭配:use a 3-D printer 使用三维打印机;3-D printing 三维打印
例句:For his 16th birthday, Easton got a 3-D printer.(第 5 段)
拓展:three-dimensional(全称)
brain /bre n/ n. 脑,大脑
常用搭配:brain signals 大脑信号;
use one's brain 动脑筋
例句:It was able to move with brain signals of the user.(第 5 段)
复合词:brainstorm v. 头脑风暴
weigh /we / v. 重,重量是,称…… 的重量
常用搭配:weigh + 重量 重……;
weigh oneself 称体重
例句:The arm weighed 3.6 kilograms.(第 5 段)
词形变化:weight n. 重量
fix /f ks/ v. 解决(问题);
修理
常用搭配:fix a problem 解决问题;
fix a machine 修理机器
例句:He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.(第 6 段)
同义:solve v. 解决
invention / n ven n/ n. 发明(物)
常用搭配:make an invention 做出发明;
the importance of invention 发明的重要性
例句:Easton's invention has helped many children.(第 7 段)
词形变化:invent v. 发明
download / da n l d/ v. 下载
常用搭配:download a design 下载设计;
download from 从…… 下载
例句:People can download the design.(第 7 段)
反义:upload v. 上传
apply / pla / v. 应用,运用,申请
常用搭配:apply to 应用于;
apply for 申请
例句:He hoped to apply it to real life.(Grammar 部分)
词形变化:application n. 应用(App)
smart /smɑ t/ adj. 智能的,
聪明的
常用搭配:smart machine 智能机器;
smart phone 智能手机
例句:Shantanu invented a smart walking stick.(Grammar 部分)
同义:intelligent adj. 智能的
warn /w n/ v. 警告,提醒,告诫
常用搭配:warn sb. about sth. 提醒某人注意某事;
warn sb. not to do 警告某人不要做
例句:A smart machine to warn them about objects.(Grammar 部分)
词形变化:warning n. 警告
curiosity / kj ri s ti/ n. 好奇心,求知欲
常用搭配:out of curiosity 出于好奇;
curiosity about 对…… 的好奇
例句:The greatest inventions need curiosity.(Reading for writing 第 1 段)
词形变化:curious adj. 好奇的
electricity / lek tr s ti/ n. 电,电学
常用搭配:generate electricity 发电;
electricity bill 电费
例句:Franklin was curious about electricity.(第 2 段)
词形变化:electric adj. 电的
pioneer / pa n (r)/ n. 先驱,创始人
常用搭配:a pioneer of …… 的先驱;
space pioneer 太空探索先驱
例句:Wan Hu was a pioneer of space exploration.(第 3 段)
词形变化:pioneering adj. 先驱的
risk /r sk/ n. 冒险,风险
常用搭配:take a risk 冒险;
at risk 处于危险中
例句:Curiosity is more than taking risks.(第 4 段)
动词用法:risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
二、重点短语归纳
短语
释义
例句
课文出处
lend a hand
帮助
I must lend a hand to people like her.
Understanding ideas 第 4 段
one after another
一个接一个
He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.
Understanding ideas 第 6 段
come up with
想出
How did Easton come up with the idea
图表练习
be curious about
对…… 好奇
Franklin was curious about electricity.
Reading for writing 第 2 段
protect...from
保护…… 免受
The lightning rod protects buildings from lightning.
Reading for writing 第 2 段
非谓语动词总结
不定式(to do)作宾语
decide to do:Easton decided to post his design.(第 7 段)
hope to do:He hoped to apply it to real life.(Grammar 部分)
try to do:He tried to improve his work.(第 5 段)
动名词(doing)作宾语
enjoy doing:He enjoyed fixing problems.(第 6 段)
keep doing:Easton kept working on it.(第 6 段)
finish doing:Can you finish doing it on time (你能按时完成吗?)
词汇练习题
一、词汇选择题
1. The science ______ showed many amazing inventions, including Easton's robotic arm.
A. fair B. block C. glue D. risk
2. The ______ arm can move with the user's brain signals.
A. smart B. artificial C. daily D. heavy
3. The new phone ______ only $200, much cheaper than before.
A. costs B. lends C. weighs D. fixes
4. Can you ______ me a hand to carry these books
A. take B. lend C. make D. do
5. Easton used a 3-D ______ to create his artificial arm.
A. brain B. signal C. printer D. hook
6. The smart stick can ______ blind people about objects in front of them.
A. warn B. download C. apply D. cost
7. Curiosity is the key to making new ______.
A. risks B. inventions C. tickets D. troubles
8. Franklin's ______ about electricity led to the lightning rod.
A. talent B. quality C. curiosity D. power
9. Wan Hu was a ______ of space exploration in the Ming Dynasty.
A. pioneer B. scientist C. inventor D. player
10. The robot ______ 0.5 kilograms, much lighter than before.
A. costs B. weighs C. fixes D. lends
二、词汇填空题
1. The ______ (artifice) flower looks just like a real one.
2. He decided ______ (download) the design from the Internet.
3. The book ______ (cost) me 50 yuan yesterday.
4. Her ______ (curious) about science made her an inventor.
5. The smart machine can ______ (warning) people of danger.
6. Easton enjoys ______ (fix) problems with his inventions.
7. They used a 3-D printer ______ (make) the model.
8. The ______ (weigh) of the box is 2 kilograms.
9. Please apply what you learn ______ real life.
10. The science fair showed many ______ (use) inventions.
三、句子翻译题
1. 这个机器人手臂是由塑料块制成的。(be made from)
2. 他决定把设计免费发布到网上。(decide to)
3. 好奇心能带来新的发现。(bring new discoveries)
4. 这个智能手杖可以警告使用者前方的物体。(warn...about)
5. 她的人造手臂花费了 8 万美元。(cost)
6. 东森喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。(one after another)
答案与解析
一、词汇选择题
1. A. fair
解析:science fair 为固定搭配,意为 “科学展览会”,符合 “展示许多惊人发明” 的语境。
B. artificial
解析:artificial arm 表示 “假肢”,根据课文中 Jenny 的假肢描述,选 B。
A. costs
解析:cost + 金额表示 “花费…… 钱”,句中 “手机仅花费 200 美元”,故选 A。
B. lend
解析:lend a hand 为固定短语,意为 “帮助”,符合 “帮忙搬书” 的语境。
C. printer
解析:3-D printer “三维打印机”,根据课文中东森使用 3D 打印机的情节,选 C。
A. warn
解析:warn sb. about sth. “提醒某人注意某事”,智能手杖的功能是警告障碍物,选 A。
B. inventions
解析:好奇心带来新 “发明”,inventions 符合句意,其他选项 “风险 / 门票 / 麻烦” 不符。
C. curiosity
解析:Franklin 对电的 “好奇心” 促使发明避雷针,curiosity 对应课文内容。
A. pioneer
解析:Wan Hu 是太空探索的 “先驱”,pioneer 对应课文中 “space pioneer” 的描述。
B. weighs
解析:weigh + 重量表示 “重量为”,机器人重 0.5 千克,故选 B。
二、词汇填空题
1. artificial(形容词,修饰 flower)
2. to download(decide to do 不定式结构)
3. cost(过去式,与 yesterday 呼应)
4. curiosity(名词,作主语)
5. warn(情态动词 can 后接动词原形)
6. fixing(enjoy doing 动名词结构)
7. to make(use...to do 不定式表目的)
8. weight(名词,the weight of... 的重量)
9. to(apply...to... 应用于)
10. useful(形容词,修饰 inventions)
三、句子翻译题
1. This robotic arm is made from plastic blocks.
(解析:be made from“由…… 制成”,对应课文中 “built out of plastic blocks”。)
He decided to post the design online for free.
(解析:decide to do “决定做”,for free “免费”,参考课文第 7 段。)
Curiosity can bring new discoveries.
(解析:bring new discoveries “带来新发现”,对应 Reading for writing 第 2 段。)
This smart walking stick can warn users about objects in front.
(解析:warn...about“警告…… 关于”,结合 Grammar 部分内容。)
Her artificial arm cost $80,000.
(解析:cost + 金额,注意过去式与原形同形,参考课文第 3 段。)
Easton enjoys fixing problems one after another.
(解析:one after another “一个接一个”,对应课文第 6 段 “fixing problems one after another”。)

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