【弯道超车】Unit 1 Water 核心语法之被动语态-2025年沪教版(五四学制)(2024)新八年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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【弯道超车】Unit 1 Water 核心语法之被动语态-2025年沪教版(五四学制)(2024)新八年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2025年沪教版(五四学制)(2024)新八年级英语上册精讲精练
Unit 1 Water
核心语法:被动语态
一、基本概念
被动语态(Passive Voice)表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作本身而非执行者。基本结构为:be动词 + 过去分词(V-ed)。
二、构成方式(以do为例)
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done
一般过去时 did was/were done
一般将来时 will do will be done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
过去完成时 had done had been done
三、使用场景
1、强调动作承受者:
The book was written by Lu Xun.
2、动作执行者未知或不重要:
My bike was stolen yesterday.
3、客观描述科学事实:
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
4、避免提及动作执行者:
Mistakes were made in the report.
四、句型转换(主动→被动)
将主动句的宾语变为主语
根据时态选用相应的be动词
将主动词变为过去分词
原主语用by引出(可省略)
示例:
主动:The workers built this bridge in 2020.
被动:This bridge was built (by the workers) in 2020.
五、特殊结构处理
带情态动词:
结构:情态动词 + be + V-ed
They should finish the work. → The work should be finished.
双宾语动词(give/send/show等):
两种被动形式:
He gave me a book. →
(1) I was given a book.
(2) A book was given to me.
短语动词(look after, turn on等):
必须保留介词/副词:
They turned off the lights. → The lights were turned off.
六、易错点分析
1、遗漏be动词:
The letter send yesterday. ( )
The letter was sent yesterday. (√)
2、误用过去式代替过去分词:
The window was broke. ( )
The window was broken. (√)
3、不必要使用被动语态:
English is spoken by me every day. ( )
I speak English every day. (√)
4、by与with混淆:
The cake was made with my mother. ( )
The cake was made by my mother. (√)
The cake was made with eggs and flour. (√)
1.A new building ________ in our school next year.
A.will be built B.is built C.is being built D.has been built
2.Our club was ________ by a group of students who shared the same hobby.
A.found B.founded C.discovered D.started
3.The meeting will ________ at 8 o’clock.
A.be held B.hold C.takes place D.be taken place
4.The work ________ finished in two hours.
A.is B.was C.will be
5.The birthday present ________ by my mother.
A.sends B.sent C.is sent D.are sent
6.—Did you come to Jim’s birthday party, Mike
—No, because I ________.
A.didn’t invite B.wasn’t invited C.isn’t invited D.doesn’t invite
7.—The streets in our city are always clean.
—You know they ________ by the hard-working cleaners every day.
A.have cleaned B.will clean C.are cleaning D.are cleaned
8.The pet dog is warm and loving. It _________ as a son of my family.
A.treats B.is treated C.treated D.was treated
9.A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A.protect B.is protected C.are protected D.protected
10.Look! The roof ________ fallen leaves.
A.is covered with B.covered with
C.is covered D.covered
11.Now there are too many apps on the phone. For users who don’t want them, space on the phone ________.
A.takes away B.is taken away C.takes up D.is taken up
12.A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days.
A.plant B.are planted C.are planting
13.A lot of trees ________ around here every year, and we can enjoy fresh air now.
A.were planted B.are planted C.will plant
14.He __________ a chance to work in a big company but he didn’t accept it.
A.offered B.was offered C.was offering D.has offered
15.The baby should ________ at home.
A.be taken care B.be taken care of C.take care of
16.In my opinion, every child should ________ to follow the traffic rules by their parents.
A.educate B.be educating
C.educated D.be educated
17.— Why didn’t you go to the party last night
— Because I ________.
A.wasn’t invited B.didn’t invite C.haven’t invited D.don’t invite
18.Now Chinese couples ________ to have three children.
A.allow B.allowed C.are allowed D.were allowed
19.It’s said that ________ of the water around the world ________ polluted.
A.two thirds; has B.two thirds; is C.two third; are D.two thirds; have
20.Many bridges and houses ________ in the flood last month.
A.is destroyed B.are destroyed C.was destroyed D.were destroyed
21.It’s wrong that the children ________ all day.
A.make to study B.make studying
C.are made studying D.are made to study
22.The forest ________ with surprises.
A.was full B.full C.has filled D.was filled
23.I want to know if an English Singing Competition ________ next month.
A.will hold B.will be held C.holds D.is held
24.Five more clubs ________ next week to make our school life rich and colorful.
A.set up B.are set up C.will be set up D.were set up
25.The light bulb ________ by Thomas Edison.
A.invented B.is invented C.was invented D.inventing
26.I ________ TV on Sundays, but on weekdays I can’t watch TV.
A.am allowed watch B.am allowed to watch
C.allow watch D.allow to watch
27.The new library ________ to the public last month and has already attracted many visitors.
A.opened B.is opening C.was opened D.opens
28.A large number of engineers ________ to Africa by our government to help the people there every year.
A.have sent B.will send C.are sent D.were sent
29.—Look! What an amazing Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge!
—Yeah. It ________ in 2018.
A.completed B.was completed C.would completed D.had completed
30.—Mmm…Delicious. What is it
—It ________ zongzi, Tony. It’s a traditional food in China.
A.calls B.is called C.called D.was called
31.The tall building ________ because of the fire.
A.had been damaged B.was damaged C.was damaging D.damaged
32.The next Summer Olympics ________ in Paris in 2024.
A.will hold B.will be held C.is held D.is holding
33.—Have you ever been to a country where Chinese ________as a foreign language
—No, I haven’t.
A.speaks B.spoke C.is spoken D.was spoken
34.The scissors ________ cut the wool _________ the sheep.
A.are used to; off B.is used to; off C.are used to; down D.is used to; down
35.—Have you gotten ready for the trip
—Yes. Everything ________ already.
A.packs B.is packing C.is packed D.will pack
36.What time ________ the door ________ every day
A.does; closed B.does; close C.is; closed D./; close
37.A new English play ________ there next week.
A.will put on B.will be put on
C.is going to put on D.will be putted on
38.During the Tang Dynasty, nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A.should been found B.could be found C.had been found D.must be found
39.—You should return the book to Mike. It ________ him.
—Sure.
A.belongs to B.is belonged
C.is belonging to D.is being belonged to
40.The construction of the two new railway lines ________ by now.
A.has completed B.have completed C.have been completed D.has been completed
41.Cotton ________ in the southeast of China.
A.is grown B.are grown C.grew D.grow
42.—The number of old people in China is increasing rapidly.
—I believe they ________ better care of in the future with the development of our country.
A.can take B.are taking C.are taken D.can be taken
43.—Excuse me. When can we play badminton at the court
—Not until it ________ next week.
A.repairs B.is repaired C.will be repaired
44.In winter, the town ________ by snow, so most of time we have to stay at home.
A.cut off B.is cut off C.cuts down D.is cut down
45.It is said that Asian culture village inside the AYG village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.
A.builds B.is building C.will be built
46.The meeting ________ the safety of school bus ________ yesterday.
A.on; was held B.on; held C.about; holds
47.—How long may I ________ your magazine .
—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.
A.borrow; lend B.keep; be lent C.lend; be borrowed
48.—Do you know when we will leave
—I’m not sure. I will tell you about it when the time ________.
A.is fixed B.fixed C.be fixed D.will be fixed
49.—Look at the boy with green hair. It’s cool.
—But I don’t think students ________ to color their hair.
A.should be not allowed B.shouldn’t be allowed C.should be allowed D.should allow
50.—How many cakes can I have, Mom
一None, dear. They ________ for your father.
A.prepare B.prepared C.have prepared D.were prepared
51.Big Ben is________one of the symbols of both London and Britain.
A.considered for B.think of C.regarded as D.treat as
52.Whom ________ the car ________ by in this accident
A.did; drive B.does; drive C.is; driven D.was; driven
53.The 24th Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th.
A.held B.was held C.will be held D.has been held
54.— An international meeting will take place in Beijing this year.
— Yes. I hear thousands of guests ________ to the meeting then.
A.will be invited B.will invite C.are invited D.invite
55.How many trees ________
A.are planted B.is planted C.will plant
56.The song reminded me of the old golden days as soon as it ________.
A.played B.plays C.was played
57.The mountain ________ snow all year round. So it’s hard to climb it.
A.covered B.was covered with
C.is covered with D.cover
58.The last picture of the famous painter _______ last week.
A.was selling B.was sold C.sold D.has sold
59.—“Frog”, Mo Yan's latest novel, please!
—Sorry, it ________ just now. But it will come out again soon.
A.sold out B.is sold out C.has sold out D.was sold out
60.As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese ________ in more and more schools out of our country.
A.teaches B.is taught C.has taught D.was taught
61.You can’t wear shoes inside this place. It _________.
A.doesn’t allow B.isn’t allowed C.hasn’t allowed D.wasn’t allowed
62.These walls ________ stones.
A.are made of B.made of C.are made into D.made into
63.Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information ________ in a short time.
A.can be learned B.can be learning C.can learn D.can have learned
64.A new hospital ________ in our town next year.
A.builds B.was built C.will build D.will be built
65.The question ________ by us soon.
A.is going to discuss B.will discuss C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed
66.Family values can ________ from generation to generation.
A.be passed down B.be passed by C.pass down D.pass by
67.Tianwen 1 ________ into space last year and landed successfully on Mars recently.
A.sent B.is sent C.was sent D.had sent
68.When ________ the People’s Republic of China ________
A.was; found B.was; founded C.did; found D.does; found
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1.A
【解析】句意:明年我们学校将建一座新大楼。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。will be built一般将来时,被动;is built一般现在时,被动;is being built现在进行时,被动;has been built现在完成时,被动。根据“A new building…in our school next year.”可知句中next year是一般将来时的时间标志词,故此句要用一般将来时,因新的建筑作主语,故此句要用被动语态,故选A。
2.B
【解析】句意:我们俱乐部是由有共同爱好的一群学生创立的。
考查动词。found发现;founded被创立,“be founded by...”表示 “由……创立”;discovered发现;started创办,在表示 “创办” 时,较为口语化。根据“Our club was … by a group of students”可知,此处主语是俱乐部,在正式表达组织成立时,“founded” 更为合适。故选B。
3.A
【解析】句意:会议将在8点举行。
考查被动语态。be held被举行(被动语态);hold举行(动词原形);takes place发生(主动形式,主语应为事件);be taken place错误表达(take place通常不用被动语态)。根据主语“The meeting”和谓语“hold”可知,此处表示“会议被举行”,构成被动关系,用be held符合语境。故选A。
4.C
【解析】句意:这项工作将在两小时内完成。
考查时态和语态。“in two hours”是一般将来时的标志词;且主语“The work”和动词之间是被动语态,需用一般将来时的被动语态(will be done)。故选C。
5.C
【解析】句意:这个生日礼物是我妈妈送的。
考查动词被动语态。根据“The birthday present”可知,主语是生日礼物,是动作的承受者,而宾语“ my mother”是动作的发出者,需用被动语态来表达,被动语态结构为“be done ”。又因主语是单数,则be动词用is。故选C。
6.B
【解析】句意:——迈克,你来参加吉姆的生日聚会了吗?——不,因为我没有被邀请。
考查时态及语态。根据“Did you come to Jim’s birthday party, Mike ”可知,此处指过去发生的事情,用一般过去时;分析句子结构可知,主语与谓语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,用被动语态。故选B。
7.D
【解析】句意:——我们城市的街道总是很干净。——你知道它们每天都由勤劳的清洁工打扫。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every day”可知,此处是一般现在时。主语they指代“the streets”,与动词clean之间是被动关系,所以此处用一般现在时被动语态be done的结构,故选D。
8.B
【解析】句意:这只宠物狗既温暖又可爱。它被当作我家的儿子。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“It”和谓语“treat”是被动关系,需用被动语态;根据“The pet dog is warm and loving. It…as a son of my family.”可知,本句需用一般现在时。综合以上,此空需用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
9.C
【解析】句意:每年都有很多鸟类在自然公园受到保护。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知,主语“A lot of birds”和谓语protect“保护”之间是被动关系,根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”,主语是复数,be动词用are。故选C。
10.A
【解析】句意:看!屋顶上覆盖着落叶。
考查动词时态及语态。cover...with...“用……覆盖……”,动词短语,所以此处应用被动语态;根据“Look!”可知,句子时态为一般现在时,主语为“The roof”,所以此处应用动词的三单形式。故选A。
11.D
【解析】句意:现在手机上有太多的应用软件了。对于不想要他们的使用者来说。手机空间被占用了。
考查动词短语和被动语态。takes away拿开;is taken away被拿开;takes up占用;is taken up被占用。根据语意分析及“Now there are too many apps on the phone.”可知,手机上的空间被占用,所以用take up。根据主语是space,所以应该用被动语态。故选D。
12.B
【解析】句意:这些天,成都的二环路上种了许多美丽的花。
考查被动语态。主语和动词plant之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态:be done。故选B。
13.B
【解析】句意:这里每年都种很多树,我们可以享受新鲜空气。
考查时态和被动语态。根据“A lot of trees...around here every year,...”可知,“trees”与“plant”之间为被动关系,需用被动语态,排除C,又因every year,时态为一般现在时,主语trees是复数,谓语用“are+动词过去分词”的结构,planted为动词过去分词。故选B。
14.B
【解析】句意:他被提供了一个在大公司工作的机会,但他没有接受。
考查动词的被动语态。主语“He”和动词“offer”之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,结合“he didn’t accept it.”可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)。故选B。
15.B
【解析】句意:婴儿在家应该被照顾。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语The baby和take care of之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;根据should可知为情态动词,后跟动词原形,故用含有情态动词的被动语态,结构为情态动词 + be + 过去分词;take care of“照看,照顾”。故选B。
16.D
【解析】句意:在我看来,父母应该教育每个孩子遵守交通规则。
考查被动语态。根据“by their parents”并分析句子结构可知,句子主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系,用被动语态。故选D。
17.A
【解析】句意:——昨晚你为什么不去聚会呢?——因为我没有被邀请。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知,事情发生在过去需用一般过去时,主语“I”是动词“invite”的承受者,构成被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为be+动词的过去分词。本句中,主语是“I”,be的形式为was,否定是在其后加not。“invite”的过去分词为 invited。故选A。
18.C
【解析】句意:现在中国夫妻被允许生三个孩子。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“Chinese couples”与动词“allow”之间是被动关系,且根据时间状语“now”可知,本句使用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“be allowed”。主语是复数形式,be动词用are,故选C。
19.B
【解析】句意:据说世界上三分之二的水被污染了。
考查分数表达及被动语态。分数表达中分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于一时,分数要变为复数。表示“三分之二”要用two thirds,排除C;主语water与动词之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态be done,表示“被污染”用be polluted,此处是一般现在时的被动语态,可排除A和D,故选B。
20.D
【解析】句意:上个月许多桥梁和房子在洪水中被毁坏了。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last month”可知应用一般过去时,而主语Many bridges and houses和谓语动词destroy“毁坏”是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态,而一般过去时的被动语态的谓语结构为“was/were+done”,主语不是第三人称单数,be动词应用were,故选D。
21.D
【解析】句意:让孩子们整天学习是错的。
考查被动语态。根据“It’s wrong that the children…all day.”可知,此处是孩子被让,be made to do sth“被迫做某事”。故选D。
22.D
【解析】句意:森林里充满了惊喜。
考查被动语态。was full充满的;full充满的;has filled现在完成时;was filled一般过去时的被动语态。be full of/be filled with“充满……”,空后是with,所以用be filled with。故选D。
23.B
【解析】句意:我想知道下个月是否举行英语歌唱比赛。
考查一般将来时被动语态。根据“next month”可知,应该使用一般将来时,根据“an English Singing Competition”和“hold”之间构成被动可知,应该使用一般将来时被动语态。故选B。
24.C
【解析】句意:为了使我们的学校生活丰富多彩,下周还将成立五个社团。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“next week ”可知句子是一般将来时,且主语和动词之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,故选C。
25.C
【解析】句意:灯泡是由托马斯爱迪生发明的。
考查时态和语态。The light bulb是被发明的,所以用被动语态,且动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为was/were done。故选C。
26.B
【解析】句意:星期天我可以看电视,但是在工作日我不能看电视。
考查被动语态。主语“I”和谓语“allow”之间是被动关系,需用被动语态“be done”的形式。排除CD项;be allowed to do sth.意为“被允许做某事”,排除A项。故选B。
27.C
【解析】句意:新图书馆上个月向公众开放,已经吸引了许多游客。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。opened动词过去式;is opening现在进行时态;was opened一般过去时被动语态;opens动词第三人称单数。主语The new library和谓语opene之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;根据last month可知时态为一般过去时,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
28.C
【解析】句意:每年,我们政府都会派大批工程师到非洲帮助那里的人民。
考查时态语态。根据every year可知是一般现在时态,故排除ABD;此处be sent to“被送去”,主语engineers与谓语动词之间是被动关系。故选C。
29.B
【解析】句意:——看!多么令人惊叹的港珠澳大桥!——是啊。它于2018年完工。
考查时态和语态。句子主语是“It”,指代港珠澳大桥,表示“被完成”,且时间为2018年,应使用一般过去时的被动语态“was completed”。故选B。
30.B
【解析】句意:——嗯……好吃。这是什么?——它叫粽子,托尼。这是中国的传统食物。
考查被动语态。根据“What is it ”可知,此处回答使用一般现在时,It指代询问的这个东西,与动词call之间为被动关系,使用被动语态,It为单数,结构为is done。故选B。
31.B
【解析】句意:由于这场火,高楼被毁了。
考查被动语态。根据题干可知,高楼被毁了,应用被动语态,事故已经发生了,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选B。
32.B
【解析】句意:下一届夏季奥运会将于2024年在巴黎举行。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。结合句中“in 2024”可知,奥运会还未举办,故应使用一般将来时;“奥运会”与“举办”之间为被动关系,此处应用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be done。故选B。
33.C
【解析】句意:——你曾经去过一个以汉语为外语的国家吗?——不,我没去过。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语Chinese与谓语speak是被动关系,所以用被动语态,构成:主语+ be+动词过去分词,排除A和B,由时态是一般现在时,排除D,故选C。
34.A
【解析】句意:剪刀是用来剪羊毛的。
考查used短语及介词。be used to do被用来做某事,主语是复数名词,be动词用are,排除B/D选项;cut off“剪下”;cut down“砍倒”;结合“cut the wool...the sheep”可知,此处指的是“把羊毛从绵羊身上剪下来”,应用cut off,故选A。
35.C
【解析】句意:——你为旅行做好准备了吗?——是的。所有东西都打包好了。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析“Everything...already.”和选项可知,主语Everything和动词pack之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,结构是:be动词+动词过去分词。故选C。
36.C
【解析】句意:门每天几点关?
考查被动语态。the door门应该是被关,所以此处用被动语态,其结构为be done。根据every day可知,句子的时态为一般现在时,主语the door为单数,所以be动词用is;close的过去分词为closed。故选C。
37.B
【解析】句意:下周将在那里上演一部新的英语戏剧。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next week”可知句子时态用一般将来时,且主语A new English play与谓语动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用被动语态,一般将来时的被动语态结构为will be+动词的过去分词,put的过去分词是put,故选B。
38.B
【解析】句意:在唐朝,在长安的街道上几乎可以找到世界上所有的东西。
考查情态动词的被动语态。根据主语“nearly everything produced in the world”与动词find之间是动宾关系,此处表示能够被找到,结合“During the Tang Dynasty”可知,用过去式could表示“能够”,此处是含情态动词的被动语态,用could be found。故选B。
39.A
【解析】句意:——你应该把书还给迈克。它属于他。——当然。
考查动词时态和语态。belong to sb“属于某人”,这是一个状态短语,不用于进行时和被动语态,排除BCD选项。故选A。
40.D
【解析】句意:到目前为止,两条新铁路线的建设已经完成。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“The construction of the two new railway lines...by now.”可知,by now“到目前为止”提示句子用现在完成时,主语“construction”和动词“complete”之间是被动关系,所以应用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been done”,故排除选项A和B;主语是“construction”,助动词应用has,所以空处应是has been completed。故选D。
41.A
【解析】句意:棉花生长在中国的东南部。
考查被动语态及主谓一致。主语Cotton“棉花”和动词grow“种植”是被动关系,被动语态结构为“be done”,排除选项C、D;且主语为第三人称单数,此处be动词应用is。故选A。
42.D
【解析】句意:——中国老年人的数量正在迅速增加。——我相信将来随着国家的发展,他们会得到更好的照顾。
考查含情态动词被动语态。根据上文“The number of old people in China is increasing rapidly.”可知,下文中They指代的是老年人,老人们会得到更好的照顾,此处是含情态动词被动语态,其结构是情态动词+be+done的形式。短语take care of...“照看,照顾”,take的过去分词是taken。故选D。
43.B
【解析】句意:——原谅我。我们什么时候可以在球场打羽毛球?——要等到下周修好。
考查一般现在时被动语态。until引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主语it与动词repair是被动关系,所以此空应填一般现在时被动语态,故选B。
44.B
【解析】句意:冬天,小镇被大雪封住了,所以大部分时间我们不得不待在家里。
考查动词短语和语态。cut off切断;cut down砍倒;根据“so most of time we have to stay at home”可知,小镇被大雪切断了(与外界的通道),应用cut off,且town与动词cut off之间是被动关系,应用被动结构,故选B。
45.C
【解析】句意:据说在即将到来的亚洲青年运动会筹备期间,亚洲文化村将在南京市的亚青会运动员村内兴建。
考查时态和语态。build“建造”,根据“in the coming Asian Youth Games period”可知,此处用一般将来时,主语Asian culture village与谓语build之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,故选C。
46.A
【解析】句意:昨天召开了校车安全会议。
考查介词辨析和被动语态。on介词,关于;about介词,关于;was held被举行,一般过去时的被动语态;held举行,一般过去时;holds举行,一般现在时。根据“The meeting…the safety of school bus…yesterday.”可知,第一个空处应表达“关于”,应用介词on/about;根据“yesterday”可知,第二空应该用一般过去时,主语meeting与hold是被动关系,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
47.B
【解析】句意:——我可以保留杂志多久?——一周。但一定不能借给他人。
考查词义辨析和被动语态。borrow借进;lend借出;keep保留。根据“How long多长时间”可知用延续性动词“keep”。根据“mustn’t”可知要表达杂志被禁止借出,用情态动词的被动语态“be+过去分词”,填be lent。故选B。
48.A
【解析】句意:——你知道我们什么时候离开吗?——我不确定。当时间确定时,我会告诉你。
考查动词时态语态。根据“I’ll tell you when the time …”可知,when引导时间状语从句,当主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,又因“time”与“fix”之间是被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,且主语是不可数名词time,因此助动词用is。故选A。
49.C
【解析】句意:——看那个绿色头发的男孩,太酷了。——但是我认为学生不应该被允许染发。
考查情态动词的被动语态及宾语从句的否定转移。根据“But I don’t think students...to color their hair.”可知主语students与动词allow之间是被动关系,此处应用含有情态动词的被动语态,根据常识可知,学生是不允许染头发的,而含有think的主从复合句,否定前移到主句上,故此空应填should be allowed。故选C。
50.D
【解析】句意:——我可以吃多少块蛋糕,妈妈?——一块都不能吃,亲爱的。它们是给你爸爸准备的。
考查被动语态。They指的是cakes,与prepare构成被动关系,因此用被动语态be+done结构。故选D。
【点睛】难点突破:本题的难点在于根据上文判断代词They的指代问题,再结合语境进行分析可知,用被动语态。
51.C
【解析】句意:大本钟被认为是伦敦和英国的象征之一。
考查固定搭配。consider for考虑;think of想,思考;regard as视作,认为;treat as把……看做。主语Big Ben和谓语动词之间为被动be done,排除B/D,选项C“regard as视作,认为”符合语境。故选C。
52.D
【解析】句意:在这起事故中,车是由谁开的?
考查时态及语态。分析句子结构可知,主语“the car”与谓语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以此处应用被动语态;根据句意可知,此处指发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。
53.B
【解析】句意:第24届冬奥会于2022年在北京和张家口举行,从2月4日持续到20日。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“in 2022, from February 4th to 20th”及常识可知第24届冬奥会已经举行,句子应用一般过去时。主语The 24th Winter Olympics与动词hold“举行”存在逻辑上的被动关系,句子应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为:was / were+过去分词。主语The 24th Winter Olympics专有名词作主语,句子谓语应用单数,be动词应用was,动词hold的过去分词为held。故选B。
54.A
【解析】句意:——今年将在北京举行一次国际会议。——是的。我听说届时将有成千上万的客人被邀请参加会议。
考查一般将来时被动语态。根据“An international meeting will take place in Beijing this year”可知,空处所在句子也用一般将来时,主语guests与动词invite之间是被动关系,故此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构,故选A。
55.A
【解析】句意:种了多少棵树?根据“How many trees…”可知,空处应表达“被种”,作谓语,用被动语态,结构为be done,plant的过去分词为planted;主语many trees是复数形式,谓语动词也应用复数;并且句子表达的是一般现在时。故填are planted。
56.C
【解析】句意:这首歌一播放就让我想起了昔日的黄金岁月。
考查一般过去时被动语态。根据“reminded”可知,时态为一般过去时。“it”指代前面The song“这首歌”,“歌曲”应该是“被播放”,song和play之间是被动关系,故此句为一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是“主语+was/were+过去分词”,应用was played。故选C。
57.C
【解析】句意:那座山终年积雪,所以很难攀登。
考查时态。句子表达的是事实,所以用一般现在时。主语“The mountain”是cover的承受者,表示“被覆盖”,所以用被动语态,其构成为“am/is/are done”。故选C。
58.B
【解析】句意:上周,这位名画家的最后一幅画被卖掉了。
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。主语是picture,谓语动词是sell,主谓是动宾关系,所以谓语应该用被动语态was sold。故选B。
59.D
【解析】句意:——请给我莫言的最新小说,《青蛙》!——抱歉,刚刚已经卖完了。但是它很快又会出版的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。时间词just now“刚才”,说明时态是一般过去时,故排除BC;主语it和谓语sell out“出售”之间是被动关系,表示书被卖完了,故用一般过去时的被动语态,结构:was/were+动词过去分词,主语it是第三人称单数,故be动词用was。故选D。
60.B
【解析】句意:随着中国变得越来越强大,国外越来越多的学校开始了汉语教学。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据主语Chinese和谓语动词teach之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态;根据句意,可知描述的是现在的一种现象,用一般现在时,所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态;Chinese作“汉语”讲时,谓语动词用单词,be动词用is。故选B。
61.B
【解析】句意:你不能在这里穿鞋。这是不允许的。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据前句“You can’t wear shoes inside this place.”可知,是在这个地方穿鞋是不被允许的,故应用被动语态;再结合前句时态为一般现在时,故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态,构成形式为:be done;主语“It”是第三人称单数形式,be用is,否定形式为isn’t;allow的过去分词是allowed。故选B。
62.A
【解析】句意:这些墙是由石头制作的。
考查被动语态。be made of“由……制作,能看出原材料”;be made into“被做成……”。根据“墙”和“石头”的关系可知,墙是由石头制作的,能看出原材料,故使用be made of。故选A。
63.A
【解析】句意:多亏了互联网,不同种类的信息可以在短时间内被了解。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。分析题干和选项可知,主语different kinds of information和动词learn之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,can是情态动词,含有情态动词的被动语态的结构是:情态动词+be+动词过去分词。故选A。
64.D
【解析】句意:明年我们镇上将建一所新医院。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“next year”可知,该句是一般将来时,排除了A 和B。因为主语是“hospital”,与谓语动词“build”之间存在被动关系,应该用被动语态。故选D。
65.C
【解析】句意:我们很快就会讨论这个问题。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据soon可知用一般将来时,be going to do sth.“将去做某事”,根据主语是the question,和动词之前存在被动关系,这里是一般将来时的被动语态,其结构是be going to be done的形式,discuss是动词,讨论,过去分词是discussed,故选C。
66.A
【解析】句意:家庭价值观可以代代相传。
考查动词短语及语态。pass down使流传;pass by路过。根据“Family values can ... from generation to generation”可知,此处指的是将家庭价值观流传下去,应该用pass down,主语与pass down是被动关系,应该用含情态动词的被动语态can be done。故选A。
67.C
【解析】句意:天问一号去年发射升空,最近成功登陆火星。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。结合时间状语last year可知本句用一般过去时;主语“天问一号”和谓语动词“发送”是被动关系,所以要用被动语态,其结构为be done。故选C。
68.B
【解析】句意:中华人民共和国是什么时候成立的?
考查动词的语态。主语是the People’s Republic of China和动词found存在被动关系,根据题意是一般过去时态的被动语态,其结构是was/were done的形式,主语是单数,be动词用was,found是动词,表示“成立”,过去分词是founded,故选B。
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