Unit 5 Music Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共34张PPT)-2025-2026学年人教版(2019)必修第二册

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Unit 5 Music Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共34张PPT)-2025-2026学年人教版(2019)必修第二册

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(共34张PPT)
高中英语过去分词难点解析
如何理解过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语是英语中常见的语法现象,它可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义,翻译时需结合具体语境,准确传达其逻辑关系。
The past participle used as an adverbial is a common grammatical phenomenon in English. It can express meanings such as time, reason, condition, concession, and accompaniment. When translating, it is necessary to combine the specific context to accurately convey its logical relationship.
从时间状语从句的角度理解:
1. 表示时间(相当于 “when + 被动语态从句”)
原文:Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
翻译:从山顶上看,这座城市很美。
(“seen” 表时间,相当于 “当城市被从山顶看时”)
转化成时间状语从句: When it is seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
从原因状语从句的角度理解:
2. 表示原因(相当于 “because/since + 被动语态从句”)
原文:Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
翻译:孩子们被这个故事深深打动,开始哭了起来。
(“moved” 表原因,相当于 “因为孩子们被故事打动”)
从条件状语从句的角度理解:
3. 表示条件(相当于 “if + 被动语态从句”)
原文:Given more time, we could have finished the work better.
翻译:如果给我们更多时间,我们本可以把工作做得更好。
(“given” 表条件,相当于 “如果我们被给予更多时间”)
If we were given more time, we could have finished the work better.
从让步状语从句的角度理解
4. 表示让步(相当于 “though/although + 被动语态从句”)
原文:Beaten by the enemy many times, he never gave up.
翻译:尽管多次被敌人打败,他从未放弃。
(“beaten” 表让步,相当于 “虽然他被敌人打败多次”)
Although he was beaten by the enemy many times, he never gave up.
过去分词与句子主语存在被动关系,翻译时需体现这种逻辑(如 “被……”“由……” 等),但有时可根据中文习惯省略被动词,使表达更自然。
需根据上下文判断状语的具体含义(时间、原因等),选择合适的关联词(如 “当…… 时”“因为”“如果” 等)或调整语序,确保逻辑清晰。
通过结合语境和逻辑关系,能更准确地翻译过去分词作状语的结构。
难点一 1. 逻辑主语的一致性
难点:过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,否则会造成 “垂悬结构”(Dangling Modifier)。
示例:
Walking in the park, a snake was seen.(分词的逻辑主语是人,但句子主语是 “snake”)
Walking in the park, I saw a snake.(主语 “I” 与分词逻辑一致)
翻译注意:需确保中文译文的主语与分词的动作执行者一致。
难点二 2. 被动语态与完成时态的区分
难点:过去分词本身既可以表示被动(如 “broken”),也可以表示完成(如 “finished”),需根据语境判断。
示例:
① Given enough time, we will succeed.(表被动,“被给予时间”)
② Finished his homework, he went out.(表完成,“完成作业后”)
翻译技巧:表被动时可用 “被 / 由”,表完成时可用 “…… 之后”。
难点三:3. 状语类型的判断(时间 / 原因 / 条件等)
难点:同一个分词结构可能有多种逻辑含义,需结合上下文判断。
示例:
① Seen from the window(时间)→ 当从窗户看时
② Seen from the window(条件)→ 如果从窗户看
翻译策略:添加关联词(如 “当…… 时”“如果”“因为”)明确逻辑。
难点四:4. 独立主格结构的干扰
难点:当分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,需使用独立主格结构(如 “Weather permitting”),否则会导致错误。
示例:
The work finished, I went home.(正确:With the work finished, I went home.)
翻译注意:独立主格需单独翻译为 “……(之后),……”。
难点五:5. 分词短语与定语从句的混淆
难点:分词短语作状语(修饰整个句子)与作定语(修饰名词)的区分。
示例:
① Built in 1900, the house is very old.(状语,表原因)
② The house built in 1900 is very old.(定语,修饰 “house”)
翻译差异:状语需调整语序,定语直接前置修饰名词。
难点六:6. 省略结构的还原
难点:某些分词结构省略了主语和助动词(如 “Once seen, it can't be forgotten”),需理解其完整形式。
示例:
→ 完整:Once it is seen, it can't be forgotten.
翻译技巧:补全省略部分,使逻辑更清晰。
难点七:7. 特殊过去分词的用法
难点:部分过去分词(如 “lost”“dressed”“devoted”)已形容词化,需注意其特殊含义。
示例:
Lost in thought, he didn't hear me.(“lost” 表状态,而非被动)
翻译注意:此类分词常译为 “沉浸于 / 陷入……”。
突破难点的关键在于:
明确分词与主语的逻辑关系;
结合上下文判断状语类型;
注意省略结构和独立主格的特殊用法;
多通过例句对比积累经验。
翻译时需灵活调整语序和添加关联词,确保中文逻辑通顺。
经典考点分析:
Seen from the mountain, the city is beautiful.
后边主语是城市,城市和动词看之间是城市别看, 是被动关系, 所以是表被动的过去分词。
Seeing from the mountain, we found a beautiful city.
后面主语是人, 人发出看的动作, 主动关系, 所以用的是现在分词。
阅读句子里遇到的过去分词:
Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old - fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin.
和旧式的在羊皮纸 (由羊皮制作而成) 上手写的方式相比,活字印刷术极大地降低了制作一本书的成本。Printing with moveable type 活字印刷术
compared with the old - fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, 这里的过去分词做状语可以理解为条件状语。
这个短语里面的willed 可理解为过去分词转化的形容词
be willed away” 有以下两种常见含义 :
在遗嘱中把某物遗赠(给他人):这里 “will” 是动词,表示 “立遗嘱决定;遗赠”,此时 “will away” 是 “在遗嘱中把…… 遗赠出去”,“be willed away” 是其被动形式 。例句:That precious diamond was willed away to her closest friend.(那颗珍贵的钻石被她通过遗嘱赠给了最亲密的朋友。)
通过强烈的意愿使某事消失、被移除或不再成为问题:例句:Your worries can't be simply willed away.(你的担忧不会仅仅因为你想摆脱就能消失 。)
知识拓展:will作名词时的短语
with a will(热情地;坚决地 )
The team worked with a will to finish the project before the deadline.(团队热情高涨,决心在截止日期前完成项目 。 )
of one's own free will(自愿地;出于自己的意愿 )
She joined the volunteer group of her own free will, eager to help those in need.(她自愿加入志愿者团队,渴望帮助有需要的人 。 )
against one's will(违背某人的意愿 )
He was forced to sign the contract against his will, which made him very angry.(他被迫违背自己的意愿签了合同,这让他很生气 。 )
have one’s will(随心所欲;如愿以偿 )
After years of hard work, she finally had her will and opened her dream café.( 经过多年努力,她终于得偿所愿,开了梦想中的咖啡馆 。 )
will power(意志力 ,虽不是严格短语,但常用搭配 )
It takes great will power to stick to a healthy diet and exercise routine.(坚持健康饮食和锻炼习惯,需要很强的意志力 。 )
另外一个词型相近的词:well
[考点归纳] well 一词十分常用,用法也很多。包括:
“井;源泉”。如:
The police found the lost treasure in an abandoned well. 警察在一口废弃的井里
找到了丢失的财宝。
“如泉水般涌出”。如:
Tears welled up in her eyes. 她的泪水夺眶而出。
“充分地”。如:
Read the document well before you sign it. 仔细审阅文件后再签字。
“到相当的程度”。如:
She was driving at well over the speed limit. 她开车的速度远远超过了限速。
“彻底地”。如:
The pan must be dried well before you put it away. 这个锅必须彻底干燥后才可以收起来。
不定式里的过去分词
Many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women—ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work—still need to be done by someone.
过去,许多家务事主要是由女性来做的,这些事从家庭采购到准备饭菜再到一些无偿的劳动不一而足;而现在,这些工作还是需要有人来做的。
这里为什么没有过去分词?
has been shifted
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.
正如我们所看到的,社会医疗保健的重点已经从疾病治疗转到了疾病预
has been shifting:
强调主语自身不断地进行 “移动、转变、转移” 等动作。
例如:The focus of scientific research has been shifting towards environmental protection in recent years.(近年来,科学研究的重点一直在向环境保护方向转移 。)这里是说重点自身在不断地发生转移这个动作。
has been shifted:
强调主语被外界力量 “移动、转变、转移”。
例如:The responsibility has been shifted to another department.(责任已经被转移到另一个部门了。) 表明责任是被别人转移到另一个部门的,强调动作的承受和被施加。
完型填空中遇到的一个词,大家都选错了:
He shifted the load from his left shoulder to his right shoulder.
这里选shift , 表示把某物从...转移到...
他把重物从左肩转移到右肩。
拓展:shift 作名词的用法
可数名词,表示转变、改变 :可用于描述位置、方向、情况、观点等方面的变化。
例句:There has been a shift in public opinion on this issue.(公众对这个问题的舆论已经发生了转变。 )
可数名词,意为轮班、班次 :指工作时划分的不同时间段。
例句:I'm on the early shift tomorrow.(我明天上早班。 )
可数名词,还可表示(汽车的)换挡装置 :常见于汽车驾驶相关表达中。
例句:He changed the shift smoothly while driving on the highway.(他在高速公路上行驶时平稳地换挡。 )
过去分词句型背诵:
1 Exhausted , I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
2 Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
3 Defeated , they withdrew into the valley.
4 Printed white , the house looks bigger.
5 A bit frightened , he stood motionless.
6 He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards.
7 He turned away disappointed.
8 Dressed in white, she suddenly appeared.
9 Given another chance , I will do it better.
独立主格中的过去分词
英语独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)是一种特殊的语法结构,在句中可作状语,用来表示伴随、原因、条件、时间等关系 ,
独立主格:观察以下句子
1 This done ,they went home .
2 The table set, they began to have supper.
3 All taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable.
4 Health and persistence given, one can do great things.
这个结构是:名词 + 过去分词:His homework finished(他的作业完成了), he went to play basketball. (“homework” 是逻辑主语,“finished” 是逻辑谓语,表时间,相当于 After his homework was finished )
独立主格的独立性:逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,有自己独立的逻辑主语,这是它与分词短语作状语的主要区别(分词短语作状语时,逻辑主语一般是句子主语 )。比如:“Walking in the street(分词短语,逻辑主语是句子主语,若句子是 I walking... 就不对,得是 I walk... ;而独立主格结构如:He standing there(他站在那儿 ), I didn't know how to talk to him. ,“he” 和句子主语 “I” 不同 )。
独立主格无谓语动词:独立主格结构不是完整句子,没有真正的谓语动词(像 be 动词、实义动词等能作谓语的形式 ),它的 “谓语” 是由非谓语或其他结构充当 。比如 “The rain having stopped(雨停了 ), we continued our journey.” ,“having stopped” 是现在分词完成式,不是谓语动词,整个结构作状语 。
独立主格在句中作状语:可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。
表时间:The sun having risen(太阳升起了 ), we started to climb the mountain. (= After the sun had risen )
表原因:There being no bus(没有公交车 ), we had to walk home. (= Because there was no bus )
表条件:Weather permitting(天气允许的话 ), we will have a sports meeting. (= If weather permits )
表伴随:He sat at the desk, pen in hand(手里拿着笔 ). (= with a pen in his hand ,描述他坐着时的伴随状态 )
注意:独立主格结构与主句之间常用逗号隔开,起分隔作用,让结构和主句关系更清晰 。比如:The work done(工作完成了 ), they had a rest. (逗号隔开独立主格和主句 )
** 当独立主格结构中的逻辑主语是 it,且表示 “天气、时间、距离” 等时,有时可省略 it 。不过这种情况相对少,比如:Time permitting(时间允许的话 ), we'll have a talk. (也可说 If time permits ,但独立主格里 “time” 是逻辑主语,不是省略 it ,只是常规表达 ) ;还有像 “It being Sunday(因为是周日 ), the park was crowded.” ,这里 “it” 不能省略,因为是明确指代时间 。
独立主格结构有时可转化为相应的状语从句或 with 复合结构 。转化为状语从句就是把独立主格的逻辑关系用从句的引导词(如 because, after, if 等 )和谓语动词体现;转化为 with 复合结构就是 “with + 名词 / 代词 + 宾语补足语(非谓语 / 形容词等 )” ,比如:“The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students(老师进入教室,后面跟着一些学生 )” (独立主格 ),可转化为 “With some students following him(这里注意主被动,原句是 students 被跟着,所以也可说 With some students followed by him ,不过更自然的是用现在分词表主动伴随 ,其实原独立主格是 “some students followed by the teacher” ,逻辑主语 “students” ,逻辑谓语 “followed by...” ,转化为从句是 “After the teacher was followed by some students, he entered the classroom.” ,转化为 with 结构是 “With some students following behind, the teacher entered the classroom.” )
拓展:同一意思的不同状语表达
With Peter away,
Peter away ,
Peter being away,
there is more room in the house.
with 结构作状语:
1 With night coming on , they went home.
2 Without a word spoken, he left the room.
3 With the first point agreed on , they turned their negotiation to another.
4 I saw her go out ,with a bag in her hand.
5 With all his clothes on , he went out.
6 With so much to do in the morning, he didn’t have time to take medicine.

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