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(共23张PPT)
Evaluate chemical farming and organic farming
U N I T 5
WORKING THE LAND
What can be used to make plants grow better
Fertilizer & Pesticide
Chemical fertilizers
Organic fertilizers: natural waste from animals
Pesticides are used to kill pests.
pests
with chemical pesticides and fertilizers
without chemical pesticides and fertilizers
Chemical farmig
Organic farmig
What do you know about the two kinds of farming
Chemical Versus Organic Farming
Chemical farmig
Organic farmig
What may be discussed in the text
compare the advantages & disadvantages of the two farming ways
What may be the text type
argumentative
Read the passage and draw a mind map to summarise the advantages and disadvantages of the two farming ways.
V.S
chemical farming
advantages:
disadvantages:
harm the land & ppl’s health
fight crop disease
increase production
pesticides ①kill helpful bacteria & insects
②affect crops, animals & humans
fertilizers ①not rich in nutrition ②less flavour
organic farming
:advantages
:disadvantages
can’t meet the need
good food, protect the environment & ppl’s health
①use natural waste
②change the kind
of crop
③plant diverse crops
What influence will pesticides bring to people’s health
(ill→cancer)
How do pesticides get into people’s body
(digest, ill→cancer)
digest vt. 1) to change food that you have just eaten into substances that your body can use 消化
e.g. Most babies can digest a wide range of food easily.
2) to understand new information, especially when there is a lot of it or it is difficult to understand 理解，领悟
e.g. I struggled to digest the news.
digestion n.
digest n. a short piece of writing that gives the most important facts from a book, report etc 摘要，概要，文摘
e.g. A digest of the research findings is now available.
The company publishes a monthly digest of its activities.
chemical farming
advantages:
disadvantages:
harm the land & ppl’s health
fight crop disease
increase production
organic farming
With these disadvantages, what have farmers done
an alternative
alternative n. something you can choose to do or use instead of something else 可供选择的事物
e.g. Is there a viable alternative to chemical farming
I had no alternative but to report him to the police.
alternative adj. (only before noun)
different from the one you have and can be used instead 可替代的; 另外的
different from the traditional 非传统的
e.g. Have you any alternative suggestions
sources of alternative energy 替代能源
chemical farming
advantages:
disadvantages:
harm the land & ppl’s health
fight crop disease
increase production
organic farming
advantages:
disadvantages:
can’t meet the need
good food, protect the environment & ppl’s health
What is the final conclusion of the author
an alternative
sufficient food
green food
a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible
Is the author for or against organic farming How do you know
Is the author for or against organic farming How do you know
Farming Benefit Problem Solution
Chemical farming
Organic farming
fight crop disease and increase production
sometimes harm both the land and people’s health
switch to organic farming
grow good food while avoid damage to the environment or to ppl’s health
cannot meet the need
still a long way to find a suitable solution
The author does support or oppose any farming way, because for each way, the author introduces its “benefits—problems—solutions”.
Read the passage again, and discuss in groups how the author makes his argumentation logical and convincing.
chemical farming
harms the land & ppl’s health
pesticides ①kill helpful bacteria & insects
②affect crops, animals & humans
fertilizers ①not rich in nutrition ②less flavour
1. give evidences to support arguments
Read the passage again, and discuss in groups how the author makes his argumentation logical and convincing.
2. use transitions between ideas (para.2 as an example)
Transition words Function
For example,…
…, but also…
In addition,…
In turn,…
In fact,…
As for…
…, but…
…, and… as well
illustrating
adding more information and emphasising
adding more information and emphasising
sequencing
illustrating/ emphasising
introducing a new topic/ thing
contrasting
adding more information
Write an argumentative essay giving your opinion on chemical or organic farming.
1. What other disadvantages of chemical farming did the author not list
2. How might the following items be problems and how important are they for organic farming
3. What other disadvantages of organic farming can you think of
Before writing, discuss in groups:
natural animal waste used as fertiliser
higher cost of producing food
greater effort required to farm
Decide whether your group supports chemical farming or organic e up with three main points to support your opinion, and then add at least one detail to support each main point, complete the outline below.
Use your outline to write a short essay giving your opinion on the topic.
1. Use the checklist to help you review your partner’s draft.
Exchange your draft with a partner.
√ Does the writer do a good job of expressing his/her opinion
√ Does each paragraph have one main idea
√ Does each paragraph have at least one detail to support its main idea
√ Does the writer sequence the points in a logical order
√ Does the writer do a good job persuading you to accept his / her opinion
2. Take your draft back and revise it.
In my opinion, organic farming is preferable to chemical farming because of the benefits to the environment and to people, and because organic food is more nutritious.
To begin with, chemical farming harms the environment. Since chemical pesticides are not found in nature, normal natural processes cannot get rid of them. Instead the chemicals tend to accumulate in the soil and water, and are absorbed in the food chain, where they poison wildlife and domestic animals.
This affects us directly, because we end up eating plants, dairy products, eggs, and meat that have high levels of pesticides. Think about it: The purpose of the pesticides is to kill “pests”, that is, to kill insects. Something that can kill an insect probably is not healthy for a person to eat. While it may be true that the food we eat does not have enough pesticide in it to kill us immediately, over the years this pesticide may cause us health problems or give us diseases such as cancer.
Finally, organic food is generally more nutritious than food grown with man-made chemicals. If you remember a few years ago, there was the case of watermelons literally exploding in the fields because they had been given chemicals to make them grow faster. The reason why they exploded was that they contained too much water, because the farmers had used too many chemicals and the weather was unusually wet. As it turns out, such chemicals are commonly used in farming to grow larger crops more quickly.
Do you really want to eat watered-down fruit and vegetables which have been rushed to market They cannot possibly taste as good as organic vegetables, nor can they be as nutritious.
In closing, I would like to suggest buying organic food. Yes, the price is a little higher, but the small price we pay extra will bring us huge rewards in the end.
Homework
1.finish your essay and revise it based on the feedback
2.read passage on Workbook P92, figure out its writing pattern, and finish exercises on P93

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