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(共29张PPT)
XB1U5 Working the Land
Using Language 2
Evaluate chemical farming and organic farming
In this class, you will
1. figure out the definitions and characteristics of chemical and organic farming and the differences between them.
2. learn some useful signposts（transitional words） to make a comparison between two things.
3. write an argumentative essay about your opinion on chemical and organic farming.
Learning Objectives
Activity 1: Free Talk
Lead in
Do you like eating fruits
What is your favourite fruit
What do you care about most when buying fruits
Why
price
look
nutrition
chemical-free
CHEMICAL VERSUS
ORGANIC FARMING
What type of writing is it
A. Narration
B. Expository
C. Argumentation
What may be included in the text
What is chemical farming
What is organic farming
A comparison between chemical farming and organic farming.
...
√
Prediction
Reading
Activity 2: Read for main idea
What's the main idea of the text
The text mainly talks about chemical farming and organic farming. ________________ can cause many problems, as an alternative, some people switch to ________________.
Chemical farming
organic farming
Activity 3: Read for structure
Match the main ideas (A-D) of each part.
Paragraph 1&2 A. What organic farming is
Paragraph 3 B. Why man-made chemicals
are still used in farming
Paragraph 4 C. Organic methods for producing rich soil
Paragraph 5 D. The problems with chemical farming
What is chemical farming
What is organic farming
Activity 4: Read for details (1st reading )
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread
use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. (Paragraph 1)
Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.
Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease
through natural means.(Paragraph 3)
2nd reading
Chemical farming
Organic farming
chemical pesticides
chemical fertilisers
natural means
Problems
Methods
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilizers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well.
Read part 1(para 1-2) and answer the questions.
chemical
farming
chemical
pesticides
chemical fertilisers
For example,...damage the land by killing helpful bacteria and insects.In addition,...affect crops...the animals and humans.
As for...,...grow too fast to be rich in nutrition... have less flavour as well.
Read part 2(para 3) and answer the questions.
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertilizer. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free of chemicals.
Read part 3(para 4) and answer the questions.
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.
organic
farming
natural
means
For example,...use natural waste from animals as fertilisers.
.....also...often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.
....also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil.
chemical
farming
organic
farming
chemical pesticides
chemical fertilisers
natural means
damage/affect/
nutrition/flavor
natural waste/
change/diverse
long-term results
Activity 5 Thinking
chemical farming
unhealthy crops,
environment and people
organic farming
healthy crops,
environment and people
replace
Read part 4(para 5) and answer the questions.
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agricultural entirely. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
chemical farming
unhealthy crops,
environment and people
organic farming
healthy crops,
environment and people
replace
serves the high demand for food around the world
nowhere near able to meet that need
Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
Activity 6 Discussion
In what aspects are chemical farming and organic farming different
aspects chemical farming organic farming
...
crops
productivity
eco-friendly
healthy
cost
Functions Signposts
illustrating an idea
adding more information
introducing a new topic
giving reasons/results
contrasting
sequencing
For example/for instance/in fact
also/in addition/as well
therefore/because
However /but/in contrast
as for/as an alternative
in turn
What signposts are used to make a comparison between chemical and organic farming
express your opinions:
In my eyes…
In my opinion ...
I’m opposed to…
I’d prefer… because…
I’d rather...
I think/believe/guess that...
From my point of view,…
What I firmly believe in is that…
My view/opinion/belief is that...
My impression is that...
I have a feeling that...
I’m fully convinced that...
make a conclusion:
In summary/conclusion
In a word,…
All in all,…
To sum up,…
Therefore...
Topic sentence: In my opinion, _________ farming is preferable to _________ farming because _________________________________.
Point 1: __________________________________________________
(Detail)____________________________________________
Point 2: __________________________________________________
(Detail)____________________________________________
Point 3: __________________________________________________
(Detail)____________________________________________
Conclusion: _______________________________________________
Activity 7 Decide whether you support chemical farming or organic e up with three main points to support your opinion. Complete the outline below.
Writing
Advantages of Organic Farming
Compared to chemical farming, organic farming enjoys its overwhelming superiority. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, organic food is healthier and safer as in organic farming, poisonous chemicals like pesticides are forbidden from being used on crops. In addition, organic farming is environmentally friendly. For instance, organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertilizer, which is harmless to the environment. Lastly, farmers can increase their income through organic farming. As people tend to pursue a green life, they are more likely to buy organic food despite the high prices.
With incomparable advantages, therefore, organic farming is expected to benefit more people in the future.
What words and expression show the transitions between ideas
Checklist
Organization Do I follow the outline and present a clear text structure
Do I state each point with a topic sentence and supporting details
Do I sequence the points in a logical order
Ideas Do I have a clear topic sentence at the beginning of the essay
Do I state only one main idea per paragraph
Do I add at least one detail to support each main point
Language Do I use mostly topic-related expressions that I learnt today
Do I add signposts to improve coherence
Use the checklist to review your draft
1. chemical farming 化学耕作
2. organic farming 有机耕作
3. chemical pesticide 化学农药
4. artificial fertiliser 人工肥料
5. widespread use 广泛应用
6. fight crop disease 抵御作物病害
7. increase production 增加产量
8. over time 随着时间的推移
9. long-term use 长期使用
10. harm both the land and people’s health 危害土地和人类健康
11. harmful bacteria and insects 有害细菌和昆虫
12. in addition=besides 此外
13. underground water sources 地下水源
14. the crops grown on the land 土里种植的作物
15. in turn 相应地，转而，依次，轮流
16. by turns 轮流
17. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
18. It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
19. It turns/turned out that… 结果是
20. make them ill and even cause cancer 使他们生病甚至引发癌症
21. as for 至于，关于
22. grow too fast to be rich in nutrition 生长过快而营养不足
23. look beautiful on the outsides 外表靓丽
24. There is usually more water than essential minerals. 通常水分多于必需的矿物质
25. have less flavour 口感较差
26. as an alternative 作为一种替代方法
27. have no alternative/choice but to do 别无选择只好做某事
28. an alternative to ……的替代品
29. switch/turn to 转向
30. shop at the local grocery 在当地食品杂货店购物
31. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. 有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的耕作。
32. focus on/ concentrate on 集中注意力于
33. keep soil rich and free of disease 保持土壤肥沃，没有病害
34. through natural means 通过天然的方式
35. use natural waste from animals as fertiliser 使用天然的牲畜粪便作为肥料
36. rich in minerals 富含矿物质
37. keep …free of 使……免受……
38. produce rich soil 生产肥沃的土壤
39. for instance 例如
40. grow corn or wheat in a field 在田地里种植玉米或小麦
41. put important minerals back into the ground 把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中
42. the next batch of crops 下一批作物
43. diverse crops 多样化作物
44. use different depths of soil 使用不同深度的土壤
45. on the ground’s surface 在土壤表层
46. put down deep roots 扎根于土壤深处
47. organic farming method 有机耕作方法
48. avoid damage to the environment or to people’s health 避免损害环境和人类健康
49. man-made chemicals 人工化学品
50. serve the high demand for food 满足对食物的高需求
51. is nowhere near able to 远远不能
52. meet the need 满足需求
53. there is a long way to … ……还有很长的路要走
54. find a suitable solution 找到一个合适的解决方法
55. put sufficient food on the dinner table 让人们有足够的食物可吃
56. keep people and the environment as healthy as possible 使人类和环境尽可能保持健康

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