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(共23张PPT)
汇报人：
Learning About Language--Grammar
UNIT 3 FASCINATING PARKS
In this class, you will
recognize and summarize the function and meaning of the –ing form as the subject;
use the –ing form as the subject to describe a place in writing.
Aims
单元语法动名词作主语
（1）一般式
动名词的一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后。
My daughter enjoys playing video games. 我的女儿喜欢玩电子游戏。
（2）完成式
动名词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
Having ever travelled to that beautiful city has made him want to travel there again.
曾经去那座美丽的城市旅游使他想再次去那儿旅行。
（3）完成进行式
动名词的完成进行式表示其动作在谓语动词之前已经开始，一直持续到谓语动词发生时为止，且有可能仍在继续。
Forgive me for my having been troubling you. 原谅我一直在打扰你。
（4）否定式
其否定式是在其前加not。
I’m sorry for not finishing my task on time.抱歉我没按时完成我的任务。
（5）被动式
Being asked to finish so much homework made him unhappy.被要求完成这么多家庭作业使他不高兴。
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］_____________（obtain） first prize is our goal.
（2）_____________（listen） to music can make us happy.
（3）_____________（invite） to the party is a great honour for the whole family.
（4）_____________（live） there for ten years makes him familiar with everything around.
（5）Not _____________（finish）the task on time made him unhappy.
（6）_____________（catch） the first bus means getting up at five o’clock.
（7）_____________（take） care of the old in the Home Care Center completely changed my life.
（8）［词汇复现］_____________（help） those in need is rewarding.
（9）_____________（criticise） before the whole class made me feel embarrassed.
（10）_____________（win） the gold medal in the Olympic Games made her famous overnight.
（11）_____________（translate） the English poem into Chinese is a difficult task.
Obtaining
Listening
Being invited
Having lived
finishing
Catching
Taking
Helping
Being criticised
Having won
Translating
2 动名词作主语
动名词作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作。单个动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Traveling a lot is a good way to help people become knowledgeable.
经常旅行是帮助人们变得知识渊博的好方法。
Helping others means helping ourselves.帮助别人意味着帮助我们自己。
单句语法填空
（1）_____________（watch） the children playinghappily at the beach is fun.
（2）_____________（climb） the tallest mountain in the world is really a great challenge to many people.
（3）_____________（eat） vegetables does good to our health，but some kids don’t like them.
Watching
Climbing
Eating
3 it 作形式主语
it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词，主要用于下列句型中：
It be no use/useless doing... 做……无用。
It be no good/pleasure/fun doing... 做……无好处/ 乐趣。
It be a waste of time doing... 做……浪费时间。
It be worth/worthwhile doing... 做……是值得的。
It is no use crying when you have made a mistake.
犯了错误哭泣是无用的。
It is no good making friends with those addicted to playing video games.
和那些沉迷于玩电子游戏的人交朋友没好处。
单句语法填空
（1）It’s no pleasure _____________（watch） the football match alone.
（2）It is useless _____________（complain）. What you need to do now is to correct your mistakes.
（3）It is a waste of time _____________（play）video games.
watching
complaining
playing
4 动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+ 动名词”构成，名词所有格或形容词性物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。动名词的复合结构在句中可作主语或宾语。
Tom’s coming made me happy. 汤姆的到来使我很高兴。
His coming made me happy. 他的到来让我很高兴。
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Their _____________（resist） doesn’t make any sense.
（2）Peter’s _____________（join） helped us finish the work on schedule.
resisting
joining
5 动名词与不定式作主语的区别
动名词作主语，表示比较抽象的一般行为，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
Singing is my hobby，and to sing on TV is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好，在电视上唱歌是我的梦想。
单句语法填空
（1）_____________（run） is not only beneficial to our health but also friendly to the environment.
（2）It is bad manners _____________（talk） loudly in public places.
Running　
to talk
Getting here is quite difficult.
Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.
subject in the –ing form
+ verb
Activity 1: Observe the sentences.
Sarek National Park
—Europe’s Hidden Natural Treasure
A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps
I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
Activity 2: Find sentences with the –ing form as the subject from the text.
Sarek National Park
—Europe’s Hidden Natural Treasure
A Land of Mountains and Ice
Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.
Sarek National Park
—Europe’s Hidden Natural Treasure
Man at Peace with Nature
For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.
Sarek National Park
—Europe’s Hidden Natural Treasure
A Land of Adventure
Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.
用法总结
动词ing形式作主语一般直接放在句首，谓语动词用单数。 Telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.
Example
It is challenging yet fascinating to hike through the mountains in the pathless Sarek. →
To hike through the mountains in the pathless Sarek is challenging yet really fascinating. →
Hiking through the mountains in the pathless Sarek is challenging yet really fascinating.
Page 29, Activity 2
Activity 3: Rewrite the sentences using the –ing form.
It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad.→
It would hardly be possible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to the extreme cold. →
Going on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter would hardly be possible due to the extreme cold.
Studying abroad
is both challenging and rewarding.
Activity 3: Rewrite the sentences using the –ing form.
Page 29, Activity 2
Honestly, it can be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land. →
It is good to adopt a positive attitude, even when things are difficult. →
Honestly, exploring a vast unknown land can be both exciting and terrifying.
Adopting a positive attitude is good, even when things are difficult.
Page 29, Activity 2
Activity 3: Rewrite the sentences using the –ing form.
It is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history. →
Hiring local guides is strongly advised, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history.
Page 29, Activity 2
用法总结
it作形式主语与动词ing形式作主语的区别：
（1）It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad.
it作形式主语，不定式作主语后置时，句子侧重表语部分，强调行为的特征、状态以及给人的感受。
（2）Studying abroad is both challenging and rewarding.
动词-ing形式作主语时，句子侧重于主语，强调行为本身的具体内容，使句子更加生动。
1. is a very popular sport in northern China. What other winter sports do you know
2. over spilled milk will not help you much. What helps, though
3. English is quite interesting for me. What is interesting for you
4.Just homework is not enough to get a good grade. What else do you need to do
5. a high GPA （grade point average） will make it easier for you to enter a university What else will also help
6. on a phone while driving is illegal. What else is prohibited
Activity 4: Complete the sentences with the –ing form of the verbs in the box.
cry finish talk learn ski get
Skiing
Crying
Learning
finishing
Getting
　
Talking
汇报人：
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