资源简介 2025年人教版七年级英语小升初暑假衔接:基本句子种类 讲义·学生版科目 英语 教师 老师 班型 小班 审核课程主题 英语基础知识教学目标 基本句子种类教学重点 学生能掌握基本句子种类并运用教学难点 学生能够掌握基本句子种类并进行句型转换一、课程导入(一)课前听写26个英文字母(错误字母在旁边订正)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(二)思考(英语句子种类有哪些,说出一个即可)二、知识点讲解【知识点1】陈述句陈述句用来说明一个事实或表明说话人的看法; 陈述句的末尾用句号,朗读时一般用降调;陈述句分为肯定句和否定句式;陈述句用正常语序。陈述句的肯定句式:主语+谓语(不及物动词)The bell rang. 注意:当谓语动词是不及物动词的时候,虽然后面不可以跟宾语,但是可以跟状语用来修饰。如:The car goes fast. My grandpa walks slowly.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语Mary can speak Japanese.主语+系动词+表语He is a teacher.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语I give him a hug.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语I made her cry.陈述句的否定句式否定句笼统来说就是包含了“不......”的含义。小学阶段我们主要接触到的是全否定句,也就是使用否定词not。由肯定句变否定句:若动词是be动词(am, is, are, was, were)或情态动词(can, must, will等),直接在动词后加not做否定。如:肯定句:They are in the classroom. → 否定句:They are not in the classroom.肯定句:You must stay at home. → 否定句:You must not stay at home.若动词是have, want, like等实义动词,要借助助动词don’t或doesn’t放在原句动词之前变否定句(原句动词为单三形式用doesn’t,其他形式用don’t)。如:肯定句:Mary likes apples. → 否定句:Mary doesn’t like apples.【知识点2】疑问句疑问句是用于提出疑问的句子,可分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。(本节课只讲一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两种形式)一、一般疑问句以be动词、助动词(do/ does/ did/ have...)或情态动词(can/ may/ would...)开头,用“Yes.../No...”来回答的句子。朗读一般疑问句时用升调 ↑,其简略回答则用降调 ↓。含be动词或情态动词的一般疑问句含be动词或情态动词的一般疑问句结构相似,我们将这两种句型放在一起学习。其结构为:(1) be + 主语 + 其他部分?(2) 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他部分?其回答为:肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + be/情态动词.否定回答:No, 主语 + be/情态动词 + not.“be动词或情态动词 + not”可用缩写形式,即isn’t, aren’t, can’t等例1:Are you a student 你是一名学生吗?肯定回答:Yes, I am. 否定回答:No, I’m not.例2:Can you help me 你能帮助我吗?肯定回答:Yes, I can. 否定回答:No, I can’t.含有实义动词的一般疑问句 (五年级会学到Does,六年级Did)结构为:助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + do/ does.否定回答:Yes, 主语 + do/ does not.(助动词也常用缩写形式,即:don’t, doesn’t, didn’t)例1:Do you have English class this weekend 肯定回答:Yes, I do. 否定回答:No, I don’t.例2:Does she speak English 肯定回答:Yes, she does. 否定回答:No, she doesn’t.二、陈述句变一般疑问句含be动词或情态动词的句子例:I am late for school. → Are you late for school She is my classmate. → Is she your classmate We can make a snowman. → Can you make a snowman 陈述句变一般疑问句时需要改的词: 如果陈述句里有以下词 转为一般疑问句时要改为 some一些,若干 any任何I我,we我们 you你,你们my我的 your你的our我们的 your你们的we我们 you你们含实义动词的句子 (五年级学了Does引导的一般疑问句,六年级Did)秘诀:一加二改三问号一加:在句首加助动词Do、Does或Did;二改:把谓语动词改为原形,将第一人称改为第二人称,将some改为any;三问号:句末的句号改为问号。例:I like bananas. → Do you like bananas He reads English every morning. → Does he read English every morning We went shopping yesterday. → Did you go shopping yesterday 三、特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子。常用的特殊疑问词有what, who, whose, which, when, where, how, why等。(注意:回答特殊疑问句时,不能用Yes或No, 而是问什么回答什么)特殊疑问句的构成跟一般疑问句一样,特殊疑问句的构成分为以下两种情况。含be动词或情态动词的特殊疑问句 结构: 特殊疑问词 + be动词/ 情态动词 + 主语 + 其他例:What are you doing 你在做什么?Who is the girl in red 那个穿红色衣服的女孩是谁?What can I do for you 我能为你做什么?Who can answer the question 谁能回答这个问题?含实义动词的特殊疑问句 结构:特殊疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他例:What did you do with your old bicycle 你的旧自行车怎么处理了?Where does she do the shopping 她在哪里购物 How do you study English 你英语学的怎么样?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词可分为疑问代词(what, who, whom, whose, which)、疑问副词(where, why, when, how)及特殊疑问词组。What(什么):对事或物进行提问What’s your name 你叫什么名字?What colour is your shirt 你的衬衫是什么颜色的?What day is it today 今天星期几?Who/ Whom(谁):对人提问Who is the girl 那个女孩是谁?Whom did you talk about 你在谈论谁?Whose(谁的):询问物品的归属者Whose book is this 这是谁的书?Whose kite is this 这是谁的风筝?四、如何对划线部分提问(即改特殊疑问句) 特殊疑问句有两种语序:若划线部分是对①主语或对②用来修饰主语的定语提问 一确定:根据划线部分确定好疑问词后 二照搬:剩下句子按原来陈述句语序照搬例1:Liu Tao can play basketball. (对划线部分提问)→ Who can play basketball 例2:My toy bear can sing. (对划线部分提问)→ Whose toy bear can sing 若划线部分作句中的其他成分(即:除主语或用来修饰主语的定语之外) 根据划线部分确定好疑问词 将疑问词搬至一般疑问句句首 将没有划线部分的内容改为一般疑问句 其语序是“特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句?”例1:She is my sister. (对划线部分提问)→ Who is she 例2:I have ten stickers. (对划线部分提问)→ How many stickers do you have 五、选择疑问句选择疑问句是提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。一般用连词or连接。选择疑问句的构成以一般疑问句开头,加上“or + 选择部分”Are you a doctor or nurse Do you like basketball or football 一特殊疑问句开头,加上选择部分Which dress do you like, the red one or the yellow one Whose car is it, his or yours Which apples do you want, the red ones, the green ones or the yellow ones 选择疑问句的回答选择疑问句的回答不同于一般疑问句,不能用yes/no来回答,而必须选择选项中的一项进行回答。如:--Which room do you like, the study or the bedroom --I like the study.六、反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。反意疑问句的构成反意疑问句的结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单地问句。前肯定后否定式It’s very hot outside, isn’t it They are good friends, aren’t they You will go to London, won’t you 前否定后肯定式Tom won’t marry me, will he He didn’t have a chance, did he She can’t understand it, can she 其他一些情况There be句型中,反意疑问部分必须为“be动词 + there”There are some apples in the bag, aren’t there There isn’t any water in the bottle, is there 当陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问句一般只用肯定式Give me a hand, will you?Let’s go to the cinema, shall we Don’t make any noise, can you 当陈述部分有never, seldom, hardly等否定意义的词汇时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式He can hardly swim, can he They seldom play together, do they 反意疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式,反意疑问句为否定式时(前肯后否),一般只需按实际情况回答即可。--It’s yours, isn’t it 这是你的,是吗?--Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.是的,是我的。/不,不是我的。--He wants to go, doesn’t he 他想去,是吗?--Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 是的,他想去。/不,他不想去。当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时(前否后肯),其回答方式则主要根据前半句(否定句)来判断。★★★★★--He hasn’t arrived, has he 他还没到,是吗?--Yes, he has. 不,他到了。--No, he hasn’t. 是的,他还没到。(虽然在中文解释时,我们用“是的,他还没到”更容易理解,但在英语中,必须用no)--His sister didn’t go to the party, did she 他的姐姐没有去派对,是吗?--Yes, she did. 不,她去了。--No, she didn’t. 是的,她没有去。【知识点3】There be句型含义及用法含义:表示在某地有某人或某物,如:There is a house in the forest. 森林里有一座房子。用法:在there be句型中,be的变化采取“就近原则”,即be 动词根据最靠近be 动词的那个名词决定。如:There is a/an +单数名词.There is (some) +不可数名词.There are +复数名词.例如:There is a house in the forest. (house是单数)There is some milk in the bottle. (milk不可数)There are some apples and some bread on the table.(就近原则apples为复数)There is some bread and some apples on the table.(就近原则bread不可数)否定形式:在be 动词后加not,如:There is a house in the forest.一般疑问句句型结构:把be 动词调到句首即there前,首字母要大写。肯定回答“Yes, there is/are.”,否定回答“No, there isn’t/aren’t.”如:--Is there a house in the forest --Yes, there is.特殊疑问句:① 对某地存在的“物”进行提问,用“What’s +地点?”,第一人称要变为第二人称。注意:不管回答的是单数、复数还是不可数名词,问句都是:“What’s +地点?”。如:--What’s in the glass --There is some water.② 对存在的人或物的“数量”进行提问,用“How many +可数名词复数 +are there +地点?”如:--How many trees are there behind your house --There are three.【知识点4】祈使句祈使句的含义祈使句:表请求、命令、劝告、警告、禁止等,句子以动词原形开头。例如:Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求)Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令) Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。——劝告) Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告) Look out! Danger! (小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句) Keep off the grass. (勿践草坪。——禁止) No parking. (禁止停车。——禁止)【例题精讲】判断下列句子是否为祈使句,如果是请在括号中写“Y”,若不是请写“N”并翻译成中文。例:Never tell a lie. (Y) 不要说谎。Go and wash the dishes. ( )You cannot take the book out of the library. ( )Please keep the floor clean. ( )You’d better wear the school uniform. ( )Be early next time. ( )You should go to bed early. ( )Cheer up, boys and girls. ( )Don’t be so rude. ( )Let me have a look. ( )祈使句的肯定和否定结构肯定结构:Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如: Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词) + 其它成分)。如: Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如: Let me help you. 让我来帮你。【例题精讲】例1: (taste) the cake, please.例2: (be) a good teacher.例3:Let’s (go) for a walk, shall we 例4:Let him (be) here by 10 o’clock.否定结构:Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!Let型的否定式有两种: “Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分” 和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!【例题精讲】例1: speak loudly. Keep quiet, please.A. Don’t B. Shouldn’t C. Doesn’t D. Wouldn’t例2: (not run) in the classroom. It’s dangerous(危险的).例3: (not be) absent from the meeting!例4:Let’s not (say) anything about it!例5:Look at the sign,it reads “ smoking!”A. Not B. No C. Don’t【知识点5】感叹句感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号,读时一般用降调。最常考的是由What引导的感叹句和How引导感叹句两种类型。 两者最根本的区别(做题的主要判断依据)就是:what修饰名词或名词词组而how修饰形容词和副词。下面分别来看一下what和how的句型结构! What感叹句 (1)What + a / an + 形容词 + 单数名词 +(主语 + 谓语)!What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊!What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊!(2)What + 形容词 + 复数名词 +(主语 + 谓语)!What clever boys they are! (他们是个)多么聪明的男孩们啊!What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!(3)What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 +(主语 + 谓语)!What cold water it is! 多冷的水啊!What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊! How感叹句 How形容词/副词 +主语 +动词How nice the flowers are!多么好看的花啊!How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊!三、当堂检测巩固练习一、单项选择1.—Could you please ________ in class —________.A.don’t talk; Sorry, I can’t B.not talk; Sure, I’ll do it right awayC.not to talk; No, I won’t do it again D.not talk; Sorry, I won’t do it aga2.— ________ have you been like this —Since Thursday, I have been ill for 2 days.A.When B.How soon C.How long D.How often3.—I have some problems with my report on charity, but I don’t know _________ for help.—You can go to Mr Xu. He is always ready to help.A.what to ask B.when to ask C.where to ask D.who to ask4.—Must I hand in the book review today —No, you ________. Mr. Jiang allows us to hand it in next week.A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t5.—Books are our friends. do you read books —I read books every day.A.How soon B.How often C.How much D.How many6._________ are you doing here, baby It’s time for bed.A.What B.Who C.When D.Where7.—We are going to have a trip to Hangzhou this summer.—________ exciting news it is!A.How B.What C.What a D.What an8.—________ she often ________ for a walk in the forest alone —No, she didn’t.A.Does; go B.Did; go C.Is; going D.Will; go9.—________ are these books —They are thirty-seven yuan.A.How much B.How long C.How many D.How soon10.—________ do you like —I like purple best.A.What colour B.What size C.What time D.What for课后练习:强化训练二、完成句子11.The population of India is more than 1.4 billion. (对划线部分提问)the population of India 12.Jack is reading in the library. (改为否定句)Jack in the library.13.Jenny listened to a great story last week. (对划线部分提问)Jenny listen to a great story 14.Ride a horse on a farm. (改为否定句)a horse on a farm.15.My father took many interesting photos yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)your father many interesting photos yesterday 16.It is 30 minutes’ walk from my school to the supermarket. (对划线部分提问)is it from your school to the supermarket 17.如果你发现任何东西着火了,尽快拨打110。119 as soon as possible if you find anything is .18.Could you please clean your room (改为否定句)Could you please your room 19. 朵拉是一个多么勇敢的女孩!girl Dora is!20. 她妈妈说:“多美味的蛋糕啊!”“ it is!” said her mother.21.I’d like beef noodles. (对画线部分提问)noodles would you like 22.Both of the twins were excited to watch this new movie. (变否定句)of the twins excited to watch this new movie.23.Class 2 beat Class 9 in the football game.(变一般疑问句)Class 2 Class 9 in the football game 24.有你这样的朋友,我真是太幸运了!I am to have a friend like you!25.We can complete this project in two weeks’ time. (划线部分提问)can you complete this project 26.Nancy has a class meeting once a week. (改为一般疑问句)Nancy a class meeting once a week 27.这个女孩每天跳舞跳得多么认真啊!我确信她将成功地通过这次舞蹈考试。seriously the girl dances every day! I’m sure she will in passing the dancing test.28.My father takes part in the Dragon Boat Race once a year. (对划线部分提问)does your father take part in the Dragon Boat Race 三、单词拼写29.Tom can’t go and I can’t (也).30.Zhang Guimei devotes most of her time to education. I think her poor health doesn’t (let someone do something) her to work so hard.五、自我总结1、我对今天自己复习情况的评价:☆☆☆☆☆(将自己评价星级涂黑)2、我今天复习了哪几个知识点?(建议以思维导图形式呈现)3、我还存在那些问题?(最好能写出解决的办法)2025年人教版七年级英语小升初暑假衔接:基本句子种类 讲义·教师版科目 英语 教师 老师 班型 小班 审核课程主题 英语基础知识教学目标 基本句子种类教学重点 学生能掌握基本句子种类并运用教学难点 学生能够掌握基本句子种类并进行句型转换一、课程导入(一)课前听写26个英文字母(错误字母在旁边订正)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(二)思考(英语句子种类有哪些,说出一个即可)英语中的句子按其句子结构分为简单句和复合句(并列复合句和主从复合句);按其交际用途分为陈述句(肯定句和否定句)、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句)、祈使句和感叹句。板书内容:时间允许最好板书,让学生做笔记 (学生版无,练习举一例即可)(一)肯定句转否定句观察例句总结用法:I am a Student. → I am not a student.He can play chess. → He can not play chess.Peter likes swimming. → Peter does not like swimming.There are some books on the desk. → There are not any books on the desk.观察例句可得:否定句中都有 .且它一般出现在 、 、 后。【老师做题小秘诀】做题步骤:Step 1 找: 有be求be有情求情 (can, could, will, should)无情无be求助 (do, does)Step 2 变: 助动词后变原形如果有some变any【小试牛刀】1. Peter is from UK. (改为否定句)__________________________________________2. Emma likes hot pot very much. (改为否定句)__________________________________________Lin Hai can play the guitar. (改为否定句)__________________________________________Teng Fei wants some water. (改为否定句)__________________________________________He plays the guitar well. (改为否定句)__________________________________________(二)肯定句转一般疑问句观察例句总结用法:I am a Student. → Are you a student?He can play chess. → Can he not play chess Peter likes swimming. → Does Peter like swimming There are some books on the desk. → Are there any books on the desk 观察例句可得:一般疑问句中 、 、 在句首。【老师做题小秘诀】做题步骤:Step 1提: 有be提be有情提情 (can, could, will, should)无情无be提助动词 (do, does)Step 2变: 助动词后变原形第一人称变第二如果有some变any最后句号变问号【小试牛刀】I play piano every day. (改为一般疑问句)____________________________________________ I can see my family photo. (改为一般疑问句)____________________________________________ There are some eggs in the box. (改为一般疑问句)_____________________________________________ They have a dog. (改为一般疑问句)_____________________________________________ The ball is under the chair. (改为一般疑问句)____________________________________________ (三)肯定句改特殊疑问句(对划线部分进行提问)观察例句总结用法:Tom is playing basketball. → What is Tom doing The girl in the photo is my sister. → Who is the girl in the photo I go to the library every Saturday. → Where do you go every Saturday?Emma is going to see a film next Sunday. → When is Emma going to see a film?Peter goes to school by bike. → How does Peter go to school 观察例句可得:(1) 结构:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序(2) 特殊疑问句中,特殊疑问词的选择取决于划线部分内容。(3) 对物提问: 什么 对人提问: 谁对地点提问: 哪里 对时间提问: 什么时候对程度,方法进行提问: 怎么样 对特指提问: 哪一个【老师做题小秘诀】做题步骤:Step 1定: 先定特殊疑问词,添至句首Step 2跟: 后跟一般疑问句语序【小试牛刀】Amy usually reads book in the evening. (改为特殊疑问句)______________________________________________ My favorite food is beef. (改为特殊疑问句)_______________________________________________ She goes to school on foot every day. (改为特殊疑问句)_______________________________________________ My father works on the grassland. (改为特殊疑问句)_______________________________________________ My brother is playing chess. (改为特殊疑问句)_______________________________________________ Fuxing ususlly takes the No.3 bus. (改为特殊疑问句)_______________________________________________ 二、知识点讲解【知识点1】陈述句陈述句用来说明一个事实或表明说话人的看法; 陈述句的末尾用句号,朗读时一般用降调;陈述句分为肯定句和否定句式;陈述句用正常语序。陈述句的肯定句式:主语+谓语(不及物动词)The bell rang. 注意:当谓语动词是不及物动词的时候,虽然后面不可以跟宾语,但是可以跟状语用来修饰。如:The car goes fast. My grandpa walks slowly.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语Mary can speak Japanese.主语+系动词+表语He is a teacher.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语I give him a hug.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语I made her cry.陈述句的否定句式否定句笼统来说就是包含了“不......”的含义。小学阶段我们主要接触到的是全否定句,也就是使用否定词not。由肯定句变否定句:若动词是be动词(am, is, are, was, were)或情态动词(can, must, will等),直接在动词后加not做否定。如:肯定句:They are in the classroom. → 否定句:They are not in the classroom.肯定句:You must stay at home. → 否定句:You must not stay at home.若动词是have, want, like等实义动词,要借助助动词don’t或doesn’t放在原句动词之前变否定句(原句动词为单三形式用doesn’t,其他形式用don’t)。如:肯定句:Mary likes apples. → 否定句:Mary doesn’t like apples.【知识点2】疑问句疑问句是用于提出疑问的句子,可分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。(本节课只讲一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两种形式)一、一般疑问句以be动词、助动词(do/ does/ did/ have...)或情态动词(can/ may/ would...)开头,用“Yes.../No...”来回答的句子。朗读一般疑问句时用升调 ↑,其简略回答则用降调 ↓。含be动词或情态动词的一般疑问句含be动词或情态动词的一般疑问句结构相似,我们将这两种句型放在一起学习。例1:Are you a student 你是一名学生吗?肯定回答:Yes, I am.否定回答:No, I’m not.例2:Can you help me 你能帮助我吗?肯定回答:Yes, I can. 否定回答:No, I can’t.含有实义动词的一般疑问句 (五年级会学到Does,六年级Did)结构为:助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + do/ does.否定回答:Yes, 主语 + do/ does not.(助动词也常用缩写形式,即:don’t, doesn’t, didn’t)例1:Do you have English class this weekend 肯定回答:Yes, I do.否定回答:No, I don’t.例2:Does she speak English 肯定回答:Yes, she does.否定回答:No, she doesn’t.二、陈述句变一般疑问句含be动词或情态动词的句子例:I am late for school. → Are you late for school She is my classmate. → Is she your classmate We can make a snowman. → Can you make a snowman 陈述句变一般疑问句时需要改的词: 如果陈述句里有以下词 转为一般疑问句时要改为 some一些,若干 any任何I我,we我们 you你,你们my我的 your你的our我们的 your你们的we我们 you你们含实义动词的句子 (五年级会学了Does引导的一般疑问句,六年级Did)秘诀:一加二改三问号一加:在句首加助动词Do、Does或Did;二改:把谓语动词改为原形,将第一人称改为第二人称,将some改为any;三问号:句末的句号改为问号。例:I like bananas. → Do you like bananas He reads English every morning. → Does he read English every morning We went shopping yesterday. → Did you go shopping yesterday 三、特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子。常用的特殊疑问词有what, who, whose, which, when, where, how, why等。(注意:回答特殊疑问句时,不能用Yes或No, 而是问什么回答什么)特殊疑问句的构成跟一般疑问句一样,特殊疑问句的构成分为以下两种情况。含be动词或情态动词的特殊疑问句 结构: 特殊疑问词 + be动词/ 情态动词 + 主语 + 其他例:What are you doing 你在做什么?Who is the girl in red 那个穿红色衣服的女孩是谁?What can I do for you 我能为你做什么?Who can answer the question 谁能回答这个问题?含实义动词的特殊疑问句 结构:特殊疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他例:What did you do with your old bicycle 你的旧自行车怎么处理了?Where does she do the shopping 她在哪里购物 How do you study English 你英语学的怎么样?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词可分为疑问代词(what, who, whom, whose, which)、疑问副词(where, why, when, how)及特殊疑问词组。What(什么):对事或物进行提问What’s your name 你叫什么名字?What colour is your shirt 你的衬衫是什么颜色的?What day is it today 今天星期几?Who/ Whom(谁):对人提问Who is the girl 那个女孩是谁?Whom did you talk about 你在谈论谁?Whose(谁的):询问物品的归属者Whose book is this 这是谁的书?Whose kite is this 这是谁的风筝?四、如何对划线部分提问(即改特殊疑问句) 特殊疑问句有两种语序:若划线部分是对①主语或对②用来修饰主语的定语提问 一确定:根据划线部分确定好疑问词后 二照搬:剩下句子按原来陈述句语序照搬例1:Liu Tao can play basketball. (对划线部分提问)→ Who can play basketball 例2:My toy bear can sing. (对划线部分提问)→ Whose toy bear can sing 若划线部分作句中的其他成分(即:除主语或用来修饰主语的定语之外) 根据划线部分确定好疑问词 将疑问词搬至一般疑问句句首 将没有划线部分的内容改为一般疑问句 其语序是“特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句?”例1:She is my sister. (对划线部分提问)→ Who is she 例2:I have ten stickers. (对划线部分提问)→ How many stickers do you have 五、选择疑问句选择疑问句是提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。一般用连词or连接。选择疑问句的构成以一般疑问句开头,加上“or + 选择部分”Are you a doctor or nurse Do you like basketball or football 一特殊疑问句开头,加上选择部分Which dress do you like, the red one or the yellow one Whose car is it, his or yours Which apples do you want, the red ones, the green ones or the yellow ones 选择疑问句的回答选择疑问句的回答不同于一般疑问句,不能用yes/no来回答,而必须选择选项中的一项进行回答。如:--Which room do you like, the study or the bedroom --I like the study.六、反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。反意疑问句的构成反意疑问句的结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单地问句。前肯定后否定式It’s very hot outside, isn’t it They are good friends, aren’t they You will go to London, won’t you 前否定后肯定式Tom won’t marry me, will he He didn’t have a chance, did he She can’t understand it, can she 其他一些情况There be句型中,反意疑问部分必须为“be动词 + there”There are some apples in the bag, aren’t there There isn’t any water in the bottle, is there 当陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问句一般只用肯定式Give me a hand, will you?Let’s go to the cinema, shall we Don’t make any noise, can you 当陈述部分有never, seldom, hardly等否定意义的词汇时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式He can hardly swim, can he They seldom play together, do they 反意疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式,反意疑问句为否定式时(前肯后否),一般只需按实际情况回答即可。--It’s yours, isn’t it 这是你的,是吗?--Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.是的,是我的。/不,不是我的。--He wants to go, doesn’t he 他想去,是吗?--Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 是的,他想去。/不,他不想去。当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时(前否后肯),其回答方式则主要根据前半句(否定句)来判断。★★★★★--He hasn’t arrived, has he 他还没到,是吗?--Yes, he has. 不,他到了。--No, he hasn’t. 是的,他还没到。(虽然在中文解释时,我们用“是的,他还没到”更容易理解,但在英语中,必须用no)--His sister didn’t go to the party, did she 他的姐姐没有去派对,是吗?--Yes, she did. 不,她去了。--No, she didn’t. 是的,她没有去。【知识点3】There be句型含义及用法含义:表示在某地有某人或某物,如:There is a house in the forest. 森林里有一座房子。用法:在there be句型中,be的变化采取“就近原则”,即be 动词根据最靠近be 动词的那个名词决定。如:There is a/an +单数名词.There is (some) +不可数名词.There are +复数名词.例如:There is a house in the forest. (house是单数)There is some milk in the bottle. (milk不可数)There are some apples and some bread on the table.(就近原则apples为复数)There is some bread and some apples on the table.(就近原则bread不可数)否定形式:在be 动词后加not,如:There is a house in the forest.一般疑问句句型结构:把be 动词调到句首即there前,首字母要大写。肯定回答“Yes, there is/are.”,否定回答“No, there isn’t/aren’t.”如:--Is there a house in the forest --Yes, there is.特殊疑问句:① 对某地存在的“物”进行提问,用“What’s +地点?”,第一人称要变为第二人称。注意:不管回答的是单数、复数还是不可数名词,问句都是:“What’s +地点?”。如:--What’s in the glass --There is some water.② 对存在的人或物的“数量”进行提问,用“How many +可数名词复数 +are there +地点?”如:--How many trees are there behind your house --There are three.【知识点4】祈使句祈使句的含义祈使句:表请求、命令、劝告、警告、禁止等,句子以动词原形开头。例如:Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求)Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令) Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。——劝告) Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告) Look out! Danger! (小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句) Keep off the grass. (勿践草坪。——禁止) No parking. (禁止停车。——禁止)【例题精讲】判断下列句子是否为祈使句,如果是请在括号中写“Y”,若不是请写“N”并翻译成中文。例:Never tell a lie. (Y) 不要说谎。Go and wash the dishes. ( )You cannot take the book out of the library. ( )Please keep the floor clean. ( )You’d better wear the school uniform. ( )Be early next time. ( )You should go to bed early. ( )Cheer up, boys and girls. ( )Don’t be so rude. ( )Let me have a look. ( )祈使句的肯定和否定结构肯定结构:Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如: Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词) + 其它成分)。如: Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如: Let me help you. 让我来帮你。【例题精讲】例1: (taste) the cake, please.例2: (be) a good teacher.例3:Let’s (go) for a walk, shall we 例4:Let him (be) here by 10 o’clock.否定结构:Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!Let型的否定式有两种: “Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分” 和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!【例题精讲】例1: speak loudly. Keep quiet, please.A. Don’t B. Shouldn’t C. Doesn’t D. Wouldn’t例2: (not run) in the classroom. It’s dangerous(危险的).例3: (not be) absent from the meeting!例4:Let’s not (say) anything about it!例5:Look at the sign,it reads “ smoking!”A. Not B. No C. Don’t【知识点5】感叹句感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号,读时一般用降调。最常考的是由What引导的感叹句和How引导感叹句两种类型。 两者最根本的区别(做题的主要判断依据)就是:what修饰名词或名词词组而how修饰形容词和副词。下面分别来看一下what和how的句型结构! What感叹句 (1)What + a / an + 形容词 + 单数名词 +(主语 + 谓语)!What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊!What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊!(2)What + 形容词 + 复数名词 +(主语 + 谓语)!What clever boys they are! (他们是个)多么聪明的男孩们啊!What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!(3)What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 +(主语 + 谓语)!What cold water it is! 多冷的水啊!What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊! How感叹句 How形容词/副词 +主语 +动词How nice the flowers are!多么好看的花啊!How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊!三、当堂检测巩固练习一、单项选择1.—Could you please ________ in class —________.A.don’t talk; Sorry, I can’t B.not talk; Sure, I’ll do it right awayC.not to talk; No, I won’t do it again D.not talk; Sorry, I won’t do it again【答案】D【详解】句意:——你可以不要在课堂上讲话吗?——对不起,我不会再这么做了。考查一般疑问句和情景交际。Sorry, I can’t对不起,我不会;Sure, I’ll do it right away当然,我立刻去做;No, I won’t do it again不,我不会再做了;Sorry, I won’t do it again对不起,我不会再做了。could表示请求和许可,语气比can委婉,后加动词原形,否定形式是在其后直接加not,排除A、C;答句是回答者对自己错误行为的态度,表达歉意,并承诺不再这么做了。故选D。2.— ________ have you been like this —Since Thursday, I have been ill for 2 days.A.When B.How soon C.How long D.How often【答案】C【详解】句意:——你这样多久了?——从周四开始。我已经病了两天了。考查特殊疑问句。When什么时候,提问时间;How soon多久,用于将来时,常用in+时间段回答;How long多久,对一段时间或长度提问;How often多久一次,对频率提问。根据“I have been ill for 2 days”可知,对一段时间提问用How long。故选C。3.—I have some problems with my report on charity, but I don’t know _________ for help.—You can go to Mr Xu. He is always ready to help.A.what to ask B.when to ask C.where to ask D.who to ask【答案】D【详解】句意:——我的慈善报告有一些问题,但我不知道该向谁求助。——你可以去找徐先生。他总是乐于助人。考查特殊疑问句。what to ask问什么;when to ask什么时候问;where to ask去哪里问;who to ask问谁。根据“You can go to Mr Xu. ”可知,问的是去问谁。故选D。4.—Must I hand in the book review today —No, you ________. Mr. Jiang allows us to hand it in next week.A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t【答案】B【详解】句意:——我今天必须交书评吗? ——不,你不必。蒋老师允许我们下星期交。考查情态动词。can’t不可能,不能;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该。回答Must开头的一般疑问句时,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。故选B。5.—Books are our friends. do you read books —I read books every day.A.How soon B.How often C.How much D.How many【答案】B【详解】句意:——书是我们的朋友。你多久看一次书?——我每天看书。考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久以后;How often多久一次;How much多少钱;How many多少。根据“I read books every day.”可知,是询问看书的频率,故选B。6._________ are you doing here, baby It’s time for bed.A.What B.Who C.When D.Where【答案】A【详解】句意:你在这里做什么,宝贝?该睡觉了。考查特殊疑问句。What什么;Who谁;When什么时候;Where在哪里。根据“…are you doing here, baby ”可知,此处应该问你在这里做什么。故选A。7.—We are going to have a trip to Hangzhou this summer.—________ exciting news it is!A.How B.What C.What a D.What an【答案】B【详解】句意:——今年夏天我们打算去杭州旅行。——这是多么令人兴奋的消息!考查感叹句。在感叹句中,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词或副词;此句的中心词是不可数名词news,用感叹句的结构:what+形容词+不可数名词+主谓!,故选B。8.—________ she often ________ for a walk in the forest alone —No, she didn’t.A.Does; go B.Did; go C.Is; going D.Will; go【答案】B【详解】句意:——她过去经常一个人在森林里散步吗?——不,她没有。考查一般过去时的一般疑问句。根据答语“No, she didn’t.”可知本句是由did引导的一般疑问句。故选B。9.—________ are these books —They are thirty-seven yuan.A.How much B.How long C.How many D.How soon【答案】A【详解】句意:——这些书多少钱?——37元。考查特殊疑问句。How much多少,多少钱;How long多长,多久;How many多少;How soon多久以后。根据答语“They are thirty-seven yuan.”可知是对价格进行的提问,因此疑问词应用How much。故选A。10.—________ do you like —I like purple best.A.What colour B.What size C.What time D.What for【答案】A【详解】句意:——你喜欢什么颜色?——我最喜欢紫色。考查特殊疑问句。What colour什么颜色;What size什么尺码;What time几点;What for为什么。根据“I like purple best.”可知,对颜色提问用What colour。故选A。课后练习:强化训练二、完成句子11.The population of India is more than 1.4 billion. (对划线部分提问)the population of India 【答案】 What is【详解】句意:印度人口超过14亿。划线部分是人口,询问人口的数量用结构what is the population of...。故填What;is。12.Jack is reading in the library. (改为否定句)Jack in the library.【答案】is not reading/isn’t reading【详解】句意:杰克正在图书馆里看书。原句是现在进行时,否定句在be动词is后加not,is not的缩写是isn’t。故填is not/isn’t reading。13.Jenny listened to a great story last week. (对划线部分提问)Jenny listen to a great story 【答案】When did【详解】句意:珍妮上周听了一个很棒的故事。划线部分last week是时间状语,应用疑问词when提问,句首首字母w要大写,原句是一般过去时,且含有实义动词listened,所以疑问词后应用助动词did。故填When did。14.Ride a horse on a farm. (改为否定句)a horse on a farm.【答案】 Don’t ride【详解】句意:在农场骑马。根据“Ride a horse on a farm.”可知,此句为以动词原形开头的祈使句,改为否定句时,需要在动词“ride”前加否定助动词“don’t”,且句首首字母要大写。故填Don’t;ride。15.My father took many interesting photos yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)your father many interesting photos yesterday 【答案】 Did take【详解】句意:我爸爸昨天拍了许多有趣的照片。原句时态为一般过去时,谓语动词为took,是实义动词;变一般疑问句时要借助助动词did,置于句首,首字母要大写;过去式took还原成原形take。故填Did;take。16.It is 30 minutes’ walk from my school to the supermarket. (对划线部分提问)is it from your school to the supermarket 【答案】 How far【详解】句意:从我的学校到超市需要步行30分钟。根据“30 minutes’ walk”可知,划线部分表示距离,应用特殊疑问词how far“多远”来提问,且句首首字母要大写。故填How;far。17.如果你发现任何东西着火了,尽快拨打110。119 as soon as possible if you find anything is .【答案】 Call on fire【详解】根据中英文对照可知,call“打电话”,动词;此句为祈使句,第一个空应填动词原形,且句首首字母要大写;on fire“着火”,介词短语。故填Call;on;fire。18.Could you please clean your room (改为否定句)Could you please your room 【答案】 not clean【详解】句意:你能打扫一下你的房间吗?could you please do sth“你能……吗”,其否定形式为could you please not do sth。故填not;clean。19. 朵拉是一个多么勇敢的女孩!girl Dora is!【答案】 What a brave【详解】根据句意及标点可知,本句为感叹句,空处缺“一个多么勇敢的”对应的英文,且需“What+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”这种结构,brave“勇敢的”;girl“女孩”,brave是以辅音音素开头的单词,需不定冠词a修饰。故填What;a;brave。20. 她妈妈说:“多美味的蛋糕啊!”“ it is!” said her mother.【答案】 What a delicious cake【详解】delicious美味的,形容词,cake蛋糕,单数可数名词,句型结构为:What+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语动词/系动词!delicious以辅音音素开头,前用a。故填What;a;delicious;cake。21.I’d like beef noodles. (对画线部分提问)noodles would you like 【答案】What kind of【详解】句意:我要牛肉面。被划线部分beef 在句中作定语修饰名词noodles,对此提问,用特殊疑问词what kind of询问面条的种类。故填What kind of。22.Both of the twins were excited to watch this new movie. (变否定句)of the twins excited to watch this new movie.【答案】 Neither was/were【详解】句意:这对双胞胎看这部新电影都很兴奋。both of表示“两者都”,改为否定形式为neither of“两者都不”。 neither of后面的谓语动词一般用单数,在口语中也可用复数,原句是一般过去时,故第二空可以填was/were。故填Neither;was/were。23.Class 2 beat Class 9 in the football game.(变一般疑问句)Class 2 Class 9 in the football game 【答案】 Did beat【详解】句意:二班在足球比赛中击败了九班。原句时态是一般过去时,改为一般疑问句需借助助动词did,置于句首需大写首字母。助动词后接动词原形,故第二空填动词原形beat。故填Did;beat。24.有你这样的朋友,我真是太幸运了!I am to have a friend like you!【答案】How lucky【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“太幸运了”对应的英文,且此句为感叹句。lucky“幸运的”为形容词,需how来引导,其结构为how+adj.+主+谓,句首单词首字母大写。故填How lucky。25.We can complete this project in two weeks’ time. (划线部分提问)can you complete this project 【答案】 How soon【详解】句意:我们可以在两周后完成这个项目。划线部分为“in+时间段”,对其提问用how soon“多久之后”,句首首字母大写,故填How;soon。26.Nancy has a class meeting once a week. (改为一般疑问句)Nancy a class meeting once a week 【答案】 Does have【详解】句意:南希每周有一次班会。含有谓语动词has的陈述句变成一般疑问句,在主语前加上助动词does,句首首字母大写,且谓语动词应还原成原形have。故填Does;have。27.这个女孩每天跳舞跳得多么认真啊!我确信她将成功地通过这次舞蹈考试。seriously the girl dances every day! I’m sure she will in passing the dancing test.【答案】 How succeed【详解】根据中英文对照可知,第一空考查感叹句,seriously“认真地”,副词,因此用how引导感叹句;“成功做某事”的表达为succeed in doing sth,will后跟动词原形。故填How;succeed。28.My father takes part in the Dragon Boat Race once a year. (对划线部分提问)does your father take part in the Dragon Boat Race 【答案】 How often【详解】句意:我爸爸每年参加一次龙舟比赛。划线部分“once a year”表示频率,所以使用how often提问,表示“多久一次”。故填How;often。三、单词拼写29.Tom can’t go and I can’t (也).【答案】either【详解】句意:汤姆不能去,我也不能去。根据“I can’t”和句末汉语提示可知,本句是否定句,应用副词either来表示“也”,either通常用于否定句句尾。 故填either。30.Zhang Guimei devotes most of her time to education. I think her poor health doesn’t (let someone do something) her to work so hard.【答案】allow【详解】句意:张桂梅把她的大部分时间都花在了教育上。我想她身体不好不允许她这么努力的工作。根据所给英文解释“let someone do something”可知,此处表示“允许”allow,由“doesn’t”可知,助动词后接动词原形。故填allow。五、自我总结1、我对今天自己复习情况的评价:☆☆☆☆☆(将自己评价星级涂黑)2、我今天复习了哪几个知识点?(建议以思维导图形式呈现)3、我还存在那些问题?(最好能写出解决的办法) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览