Unit 5 Play by the rules?重要词汇用法拆解学案(练习题+答案解析)【外研版2024英语八年级英语上册】

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Unit 5 Play by the rules?重要词汇用法拆解学案(练习题+答案解析)【外研版2024英语八年级英语上册】

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Unit 5 Play by the rules 重要词汇用法解析
内容提要:
一、词汇用法讲解
二、重点短语归纳
三、词汇巩固练习题
四、练习题答案解析
一、核心单词讲解
1. opposite / p z t/ prep. 在…… 的对面
常用搭配:opposite to 在…… 对面;
sit opposite sb. 坐在某人对面
例句:a girl opposite me started playing loud music(《Play by the rules 》第 2 段)
我对面的女孩开始大声放音乐
拓展:opposite adj. 相反的 n. 对立面
packet / p k t/ n. (商品的) 小包,小袋
常用搭配:a packet of 一包……;
food packets 食品包装袋
例句:the man took out several packets of food(第 3 段)那个男人拿出几包食物
复数:packets
picnic / p kn k/ n. 野餐
常用搭配:go for a picnic 去野餐;
have a picnic 举行野餐
例句:It was like he was on a picnic.(第 3 段)好像他在野餐一样
动词:picnic v. 去野餐(现在分词 picnicking)
smelly / smeli/ adj. 有臭味的
常用搭配:smelly food 有臭味的食物;
a smelly room 有异味的房间
例句:the food was so smelly(第 3 段)食物太臭了
词形变化:smell n. 气味 v. 闻
noise /n z/n. 噪声;嘈杂声
常用搭配:make noise 制造噪音;
reduce noise 减少噪音
例句:block the noise from Rock Girl(第 4 段)阻挡来自 “摇滚女孩” 的噪音
辨析:noise(刺耳噪音)vs sound(泛指声音)
reduce /r dju s/ v. 缩小;减少;降低
常用搭配:reduce noise 降低噪音;
reduce pollution 减少污染
例句:cover my nose to reduce the smell(第 4 段)捂住鼻子以减少气味
词形变化:reduction n. 减少
seat /si t/ n. 座,座位
常用搭配:take a seat 就座;
window seat 靠窗座位
例句:a boy behind me started to kick my seat(第 5 段)
我后面的男孩开始踢我的座位
动词:seat v. 使就座
passenger / p s nd (r)/ n. 乘客,旅客
常用搭配:train passenger 火车乘客;
passenger safety 乘客安全
例句:see the other passengers' faces(第 6 段)看到其他乘客的表情
复数:passengers
fool /fu l/ n. 蠢人,傻子V.愚弄
常用搭配:make a fool of 愚弄;
fool sb. into doing 骗某人做
例句:Will they think me a fool (第 6 段)他们会认为我是傻瓜吗?
形容词:foolish adj. 愚蠢的
sign /sa n/ n. 标记;指示牌V.签名
常用搭配:traffic sign 交通标志;
sign a contract 签合同
例句:look at the signs on the wall(第 6 段)看墙上的指示牌
辨析:sign(标牌)vs signal(信号)
responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ n. 责任
常用搭配:take responsibility 承担责任;
social responsibility 社会责任
例句:备选标题 a: Not my responsibility!(第 69 页)不是我的责任!
词形变化:responsible adj. 负责的
belt /belt/ n. 腰带;安全带
常用搭配:seat belt 安全带;
a leather belt 皮带
例句:People wear seat belts in cars. 人们在车里系安全带
复合词:seat belt 安全带
station / ste n/ n. 车站,站点
常用搭配:train station 火车站;
bus station 汽车站
例句:Sally arrived at the train station.(语法练习)萨莉到达火车站
词源:源自拉丁语 “statio”(站立处)
flowerpot / fla p t/ n. 花盆
常用搭配:a broken flowerpot 破碎的花盆;
plant in a flowerpot 种在花盆里
例句:found my favourite flowerpot broken(第 71 页)
发现我最喜欢的花盆碎了
合成词:flower(花)+ pot(盆)
honesty / n sti/ n. 诚实,正直
常用搭配:show honesty 表现出诚实;
honesty is the best policy 诚实为上策
例句:His honesty made me respect him.(第 71 页)他的诚实让我尊重他
词形变化:honest adj. 诚实的
respect /r spekt/ v. 尊重n. 敬意
常用搭配:respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊重某人;
show respect 表示尊重
例句:His honesty made me respect him.(第 71 页)他的诚实让我尊重他
形容词:respectful adj. 恭敬的
spread /spred/ v. 传播;展开
常用搭配:spread happiness 传播快乐;
spread news 传播消息
例句:sharing my story to spread some happiness(第 71 页)
分享我的故事来传播快乐
过去式 / 过去分词:spread-spread
society /s sa ti/ n. 社会,社团
常用搭配:modern society 现代社会;
society rules 社会规则
例句:rules are good for society(第 74 页)规则对社会有益
复数:societies
clear /kl (r)/ adj. 清楚的,清晰的
常用搭配:clear rules 明确的规则;
make it clear 讲清楚
例句:clear instructions 清晰的指示(听力部分)
副词:clearly adv. 清楚地
case /ke s/ n. 事例;案例
常用搭配:in this case 在这种情况下;
a special case 特殊案例
例句:Today's topic: Should rules be broken sometimes Case: Alex...
(第 73 页)今日话题:规则有时该被打破吗?案例:亚历克斯……
短语:in case of 万一
urgent / d nt/ adj. 紧急的,急迫的
常用搭配:urgent situation 紧急情况;
urgent need 迫切需求
例句:get urgent medical care(第 73 页)获得紧急医疗救助
副词:urgently adv. 紧急地
guest /ɡest/ n. 嘉宾,宾客
常用搭配:programme guest 节目嘉宾;
invited guest 受邀嘉宾
复数:guests
experienced / k sp ri nst/ adj. 经验丰富的,熟练的
常用搭配:experienced lawyer 资深律师;
experienced teacher 有经验的老师
例句:an experienced lawyer(第 73 页)一位经验丰富的律师
反义词:inexperienced adj. 无经验的
lawyer / l j (r)/ n. 律师
常用搭配:hire a lawyer 雇佣律师;
lawyer advice 律师建议
词源:law(法律)+ -yer(表示人)
netizen / net z n/ n. 网民
常用搭配:young netizens 年轻网民;
netizen behaviour 网民行为
例句:There are so many netizens!(第 76 页)有这么多网民!
合成词:net(网络)+ citizen(公民)
citizen / s t z n/ n. 市民;公民
常用搭配:city citizen 城市居民;citizen rights 公民权利
词形变化:citizenship n. 公民身份
click /kl k/ n. 点击(鼠标),咔嗒声v.点击
常用搭配:mouse click 鼠标点击;click on 点击
例句:get in touch with anyone with one click(第 76 页)一键即可联系任何人
拟声词:模拟点击声
private / pra v t/ adj. 个人的,秘密的
常用搭配:private information 私人信息;
private life 私人生活
例句:Don't post private information online.(第 76 页)
不要在网上发布私人信息
反义词:public adj. 公开的
password / pɑ sw d/ n. 密码,口令
常用搭配:set a password 设置密码;
change password 更改密码
例句:Be password smart!(第 76 页)密码要设置聪明!
合成词:pass(通过)+ word(词)
careless / ke l s/ adj. 不小心的,粗心的
常用搭配:careless mistake 粗心的错误;
be careless with 对…… 粗心
例句:Don't be careless with passwords.(第 76 页)不要在密码上粗心
反义词:careful adj. 细心的
aware / we (r)/ adj. 意识到的,知道的
常用搭配:be aware of 意识到;
make sb. aware 使某人意识到
例句:Be aware of strangers.(第 76 页)警惕陌生人
副词:awareness n. 意识
stranger / stre nd (r)/ n. 陌生人
常用搭配:online stranger 网络陌生人;
stranger danger 陌生人危险
例句:Be aware of strangers. They may cheat you.(第 76 页)
警惕陌生人,他们可能欺骗你
形容词:strange adj. 陌生的
cheat /t i t/ v. 欺诈,欺骗
常用搭配:cheat sb. 欺骗某人;
cheat in exam 考试作弊
例句:Strangers may cheat you.(第 76 页)陌生人可能欺骗你
名词:cheat n. 骗子
enemy / en mi/ n. 敌人
常用搭配:make enemies 树敌;
enemy forces 敌军
例句:you can make enemies.(第 76 页)你可能会树敌
复数:enemies
cyberbullying / sa b b li / n. 网络欺凌
常用搭配:stop cyberbullying 阻止网络欺凌;
cyberbullying victim 网络欺凌受害者
例句:This is cyberbullying.(第 76 页)这是网络欺凌
合成词:cyber(网络)+ bullying(欺凌)
二、重点短语归纳
短语 释义 例句 课文出处
in order to 为了 went to a quiet area in order to read Understanding ideas
so as to 为了 covered my nose so as to reduce the smell(第 4 段)捂住鼻子为了减少气味 Understanding ideas
cost an arm and a leg 花费一大笔钱 That ride cost me an arm and a leg.(第 2 段)那次骑行花了我一大笔钱 Understanding ideas
pay with 用…… 支付 wanted to pay with my smartphone(第 3 段)想用智能手机支付 Understanding ideas
look after 照顾 signs say "Please look after your children"(第 6 段)标牌写着 “请照顾好您的孩子” Understanding ideas
stand up to 勇敢面对 Standing up to bad behaviour(备选标题 b)勇敢面对不良行为 Understanding ideas
in hot water 处于困境 find yourself in hot water(第 76 页)发现自己处于困境 Reading for writing
turn to...for help 向…… 求助 turn to parents for help(第 76 页)向父母求助 Reading for writing
常见结构
in order to do:I went to a quiet area in order to read.(第 1 段)
so as to do:I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell.(第 4 段)
to do(句首 / 句中):I got on the train to go home.(第 1 段)
三、词汇练习题
词汇选择题
The man took out several ______ of chips and started eating loudly.
A. packets B. picnics C. seats D. signs
2. The ______ food in the train made everyone feel uncomfortable.
A. clear B. smelly C. private D. urgent
3. I sat ______ the girl who was playing loud music on the train.
A. opposite B. besides C. except D. among
4. The sign on the wall says "Please ______ your children carefully".
A. look after B. look for C. look up D. look into
5. She felt like a ______ when she forgot her friend's birthday again.
A. passenger B. fool C. lawyer D. guest
6. We should take ______ for our actions, not make excuses.
A. honesty B. responsibility C. society D. noise
7. Don't post your ______ information online, like your address or phone number.
A. public B. clear C. private D. digital
8. The ______ asked the driver to drive faster because his patient was in danger.
A. netizen B. passenger C. stranger D. enemy
9. "Be ______ with your passwords," the teacher said. "Don't let others know them."
A. careless B. aware C. experienced D. urgent
10. Cyberbullying is a serious problem that we should ______ together.
A. cheat B. reduce C. spread D. throw
2) 词汇填空题
1. The boy felt sorry for breaking the ______ (flowerpot) in the garden.
2. Her ______ (honest) made everyone trust her.
3. We need to ______ (clear) the rules before the game starts.
4. The ______ (experience) lawyer gave useful advice to the client.
5. Don't ______ (cheat) in the exam, or you'll be punished.
6. The ______ (noise) from the street kept me awake all night.
7. She turned to her teacher for help when she was in ______ (hot) water.
8. The ______ (city) should follow the traffic rules.
9. Please set a strong ______ (password) for your online account.
10. The ______ (develop) of technology has changed our life greatly.
3) 句子翻译题(6 题)
1. 为了减少噪音,他关上了所有窗户。(in order to)
2. 那个男人坐在我对面,开始大声地吃零食。(opposite)
3. 我们应该勇敢面对不良行为,而不是保持沉默。(stand up to)
4. 不要在网上发布私人信息,这很危险。(private information)
5. 当发现自己处于困境时,向父母求助是明智的。(in hot water; turn to...for help)
6. 这个标志提醒我们要照顾好自己的物品。(look after)
四、答案与解析
词汇选择题
A. packets
解析:a packet of chips 表示 “一包薯片”,符合 “拿出几包零食” 的语境。
B. smelly
解析:smelly food “有臭味的食物”,与 “让所有人感到不适” 匹配,其他选项 clear(清楚的)、private(私人的)、urgent(紧急的)不符。
A. opposite
解析:sit opposite sb.“坐在某人对面”,根据课文中 “对面的女孩放音乐”,选 A。
A. look after
解析:look after “照顾”,符合标牌上 “请仔细照顾孩子” 的提示。
B. fool
解析:feel like a fool “觉得自己像个傻瓜”,因忘记生日而自责,选 B。
B. responsibility
解析:take responsibility for“为…… 承担责任”,固定搭配。
C. private
解析:private information “私人信息”,与 address/phone number 对应,选 C。
B. passenger
解析:passenger “乘客”,根据 “让司机开快,病人危险”,选 B。
B. aware
解析:be aware with“对…… 警惕”,指警惕密码安全,选 B。
B. reduce
解析:reduce cyberbullying “减少网络欺凌”,其他选项 cheat(欺骗)、spread(传播)、throw(扔)不符。
词汇填空题
flowerpot(名词,花盆)
honesty(名词,诚实,作主语)
clear(动词,明确,need to do)
experienced(形容词,有经验的,修饰 lawyer)
cheat(动词,作弊,don't 后接原形)
noise(名词,噪音,作主语)
hot(in hot water 固定短语,处于困境)
citizen(名词,市民,单数即可)
password(名词,密码)
development(名词,发展,作主语)
句子翻译题
In order to reduce the noise, he closed all the windows.
(解析:in order to do 放句首表目的,reduce noise “降低噪音”。)
The man sat opposite me and started eating snacks loudly.
(解析:sit opposite “坐在对面”,start doing “开始做”。)
We should stand up to bad behaviour instead of keeping silent.
(解析:stand up to “勇敢面对”,instead of “而不是”。)
Don't post private information online. It's very dangerous.
(解析:post private information “发布私人信息”,注意否定祈使句。)
When you find yourself in hot water, it's wise to turn to your parents for help.
(解析:in hot water “处于困境”,turn to...for help“向…… 求助”。)
This sign reminds us to look after our belongings.
(解析:remind sb. to do “提醒某人做”,look after“照顾,保管”。)

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