Unit 6 When disaster strikes重要词汇用法拆解学案(练习题+答案解析)【外研版2024英语八年级英语上册】

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Unit 6 When disaster strikes重要词汇用法拆解学案(练习题+答案解析)【外研版2024英语八年级英语上册】

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Unit 6 When disaster strikes重要词汇用法解析
内容提要:
词汇用法讲解
重点短语归纳
分类记忆拓展
词汇巩固练习题
练习题答案解析
一、核心单词讲解
1. lost /l st/ adj. 丢失的,遗失的
常用搭配:get lost 迷路;
lost and found 失物招领
例句:A lost city 失落的城市(课文标题)
词形变化:lose v. 丢失(过去式 / 过去分词 lost)
scared /ske d/ adj. 害怕的,恐惧的
常用搭配:be scared of 害怕……;
scared to do 不敢做
例句:My mother was so scared.(第 1 段)我母亲非常害怕。
同义:afraid/frightened
shut / t/ v. (使) 关 (合) 上
常用搭配:shut the door 关门;
shut eyes 闭眼
例句:She didn't shut her eyes for even one second.(第 1 段)
她甚至一秒钟都没闭眼。
过去式 / 过去分词:shut-shut
coach /k t / n. 公共马车,四轮大马车
常用搭配:take a coach 乘马车;
coach station 长途汽车站
例句:Our coach couldn't go straight ahead.(第 2 段)我们的马车无法直行。
拓展:也有 “教练”
的含义
shocking / k / adj. 惊人的,骇人的
常用搭配:shocking news 惊人的消息;
shocking behaviour 恶劣行为
例句:Just then, shocking things happened.(第 2 段)
就在那时,令人震惊的事情发生了。
词形变化:shock v. 使震惊
straight /stre t/ adv. 笔直地
常用搭配:go straight 直行;
straight line 直线
例句:Our coach couldn't go straight ahead.(第 2 段)我们的马车无法直行。
同音词:strait n. 海峡
flood /fl d/ n. 洪水,水灾
v.淹没
常用搭配:flood disaster 洪灾;
be flooded with 被…… 淹没
例句:the cloud was spreading over the land like a flood.(第 3 段)
云层像洪水一样蔓延到陆地上。
短语:in flood 泛滥
thick /θ k/ adj. 浓密的;混浊的;厚的;
常用搭配:thick smoke 浓烟;
thick forest 密林
例句:The air was thick with smoke.(第 3 段)空气中浓烟弥漫。
反义:thin adj. 薄的
smoke /sm k/ n. 烟
v.吸烟
常用搭配:thick smoke 浓烟;
give up smoking 戒烟
例句:The air was thick with smoke.(第 3 段)空气中浓烟弥漫。
词形变化:smoker n. 吸烟者
ash / / n. 灰,灰烬
常用搭配:volcanic ash 火山灰;
ash tray 烟灰缸
例句:ash began to fall in heavy showers.(第 3 段)灰烬如骤雨般落下。
复数:ashes
shower / a (r)/ n. 淋浴;一阵(雨、雪等)
常用搭配:a shower of ash 一阵灰烬;
take a shower 洗澡
例句:ash began to fall in heavy showers.(第 3 段)灰烬如骤雨般落下。
复合词:showerhead n. 淋浴喷头
erupt / r pt/ v. (火山) 爆发
常用搭配:volcano erupt 火山爆发;
erupt with anger 勃然大怒
例句:how he survived the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.(第 7 段)
他如何在维苏威火山爆发中幸存。
词形变化:eruption n. 爆发
volcano /v l ke n / n. 火山
常用搭配:active volcano 活火山;
volcano eruption 火山爆发
复数:volcanoes
historical /h st r kl/ adj. 历史的
常用搭配:historical event 历史事件;
historical record 历史记录
例句:Historical records can help you learn more.(Learning to think)
历史记录能帮助你了解更多。
词形变化:history n. 历史
hurricane / h r k n/ n. 飓风
常用搭配:hurricane warning 飓风警报;
hurricane season 飓风季
例句:While the hurricane was blowing heavily.(语法练习)
当飓风猛烈吹袭时。
辨析:hurricane(大西洋飓风)vs typhoon(太平洋台风)
airline / e la n/ n. 航空公司;航线
常用搭配:international airline 国际航空公司;
airline ticket 机票
例句:airlines could not fly in the sky.(语法练习)航空公司无法在空中飞行。
合成词:air(空气)+ line(线路)
rainstorm / re nst m/ n. 暴风雨
常用搭配:heavy rainstorm 暴雨;
rainstorm warning 暴雨预警
例句:there was a heavy rainstorm.(语法练习)有一场暴雨。
合成词:rain(雨)+ storm(风暴)
service / s v s/ n. 服务
v. 服务;检修
常用搭配:train service 火车服务;
public service 公共服务
例句:all train services were stopped.(语法练习)所有火车服务都停止了。
词形变化:serve v. 服务
motherland / m l nd/ n. 祖国
常用搭配:love motherland 热爱祖国;
return to motherland 回到祖国
例句:The music of "Me and My Motherland".(语法练习)
《我和我的祖国》的音乐。
合成词:mother(母亲)+ land(土地)
orchestra / k str / n. 管弦乐队
常用搭配:student orchestra 学生乐队;
orchestra performance 管弦乐演奏
例句:That wonderful music by a student orchestra.(语法练习)
由学生管弦乐队演奏的美妙音乐。
复数:orchestras
warning / w n / n. 警告
常用搭配:disaster warning 灾害预警;
give a warning 发出警告
例句:How do disaster warnings help (单元引言)灾害预警如何帮助?
词形变化:warn v. 警告
community /k mju n ti/ n. 社区
常用搭配:local community 当地社区;
community service 社区服务
例句:in communities, loud alarms go off.(Developing ideas)
在社区,响亮的警报响起。
复数:communities
alarm / lɑ m/ n. 警报器
v.使惊恐
常用搭配:fire alarm 火警;
set off an alarm 触发警报
例句:loud alarms go off.(Developing ideas)响亮的警报响起。
词形变化:alarmed adj. 惊恐的
increase / n kri s/ n. / v. 增加,增长
常用搭配:increase to 增加到;
increase by 增加了
例句:Warning times have been increased to 42 minutes.(Developing ideas) 预警时间已增加到 42 分钟。
发音:/ n kri s/ v. / kri s/ n.
coast /k st/ n. 海岸
常用搭配:coast line 海岸线;
on the coast 在海岸上
例句:She helped her classmates leave the coast.(Developing ideas)
她帮助同学离开海岸。
词形变化:coastal adj. 海岸的
tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海啸
常用搭配:tsunami warning 海啸预警;
tsunami disaster 海啸灾害
例句:warns you of many natural disasters, eg tsunamis.(Listening)
警告许多自然灾害,如海啸。
复数:tsunamis
safety / se fti/ n. 安全
常用搭配:safety net 安全网;
safety rules 安全规则
反义:danger n. 危险
net /net/ n. 因特网,
网络
常用搭配:safety net 安全网;net friend 网友
合成词:network n. 网络
upcoming / p k m / adj. 即将来临的
常用搭配:upcoming disaster 即将来临的灾害;
upcoming event 即将发生的事件
例句:warns you of upcoming disasters.(Listening)警告即将来临的灾害。
同义:approaching adj. 接近的
operate / p re t/ v. 使用,操作
常用搭配:operate a machine 操作机器;
operate on 给…… 做手术
例句:say how it operates.(Learning to learn)说明它如何运作。
词形变化:operation n. 操作
drawback / dr b k/ n. 缺点
常用搭配:main drawback 主要缺点;
have a drawback 有缺点
例句:such as its cost, look and drawbacks.(Learning to learn)
如成本、外观和缺点。
同义:disadvantage n. 缺点
life-saving / la f se v / adj. 挽救生命的
常用搭配:life-saving skill 救生技能;
life-saving equipment 救生设备
例句:Choose a piece of life-saving technology.(Developing ideas)
选择一项救生技术。
合成词:life(生命)+ saving(拯救)
drone /dr n/ n. 无人遥控飞机
常用搭配:rescue drone 救援无人机;
drone photography 无人机摄影
例句:Drones take photos to show disaster effects.(Developing ideas)
无人机拍照显示灾害影响。
拟声词:模拟无人机声音
iron / a n/ n. 铁
adj.坚强的
常用搭配:iron leg 铁腿;
iron will 钢铁意志
例句:a young woman with an iron leg.(Reading for writing)
一位装着铁腿的年轻女子。
词形变化:ironic adj. 讽刺的
fashion / f n/ n. 时尚
常用搭配:fashion week 时装周;
fashion design 时装设计
例句:2021 Shanghai Fashion Week.(Reading for writing)
2021 上海时装周。
词形变化:fashionable adj. 时尚的
slim /sl m/ adj. 苗条的
常用搭配:slim figure 苗条身材;
slim down 减肥
例句:a young, slim and confident woman.(Reading for writing)
一位年轻、苗条且自信的女子。
反义:fat adj. 肥胖的
bleed /bli d/ v. 流血
常用搭配:bleed heavily 大量出血;
make sb. bleed 使某人流血
例句:her leg often bled.(Reading for writing)她的腿经常流血。
过去式 / 过去分词:bled-bled
uncomfortable / n k mft bl/ adj. 不舒服的
常用搭配:feel uncomfortable 感到不适;
uncomfortable situation 尴尬的处境
例句:It wasn't comfortable, and her leg often bled.(Reading for writing)
它不舒服,她的腿经常流血。
反义:comfortable adj. 舒服的
shadow / d / n. 阴影
常用搭配:come out from the shadows 走出阴影;
in the shadow of 在…… 的阴影下
例句:Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows.(Reading for writing)
牛钰慢慢走出阴影。
复数:shadows
torch /t t / n. 火炬;手电筒
常用搭配:carry the torch 传递火炬;
torch light 火炬光
例句:she carried the torch at the FISU World University Games.
(Reading for writing)她在世界大学生运动会上传递火炬。
复数:torches
university / ju n v s ti/ n. 大学
常用搭配:university student 大学生;key university 重点大学
例句:FISU World University Games.(Reading for writing)
世界大学生运动会。
复数:universities
courage / k r d / n. 勇气
常用搭配:face...with courage 勇敢面对;
have the courage to do 有勇气做
例句:we should always face it with courage.(Reading for writing)
我们应该总是勇敢面对。
形容词:courageous adj. 勇敢的
heroine / her n/ n. 女英雄
常用搭配:national heroine 民族英雄;
film heroine 电影女主角
例句:be the heroine of your life.(Reading for writing)
成为你生命中的女主角。
对应词:hero n. 英雄
victim / v kt m/ n. 受害者,牺牲品
常用搭配:disaster victim 灾难受害者;
fall victim to 成为…… 的受害者
例句:not the victim.(Reading for writing)而不是受害者。
复数:victims
二、重点短语归纳
短语
释义
例句
课文出处
in order to
为了
went to a quiet area in order to read.(第 1 段)去安静的地方为了阅读。
Understanding ideas
so as to
为了
covered my nose so as to reduce the smell.(第 4 段)捂住鼻子为了减少气味。
Understanding ideas
get away from
逃离
Pliny and his mother got away from the eruption.(总结)普利尼和母亲逃离火山爆发。
Understanding ideas
be covered in
被…… 覆盖
Everything was covered in ash.(第 4 段)一切都被灰烬覆盖。
Understanding ideas
between...and...
在…… 和…… 之间
living between hope and fear.(第 4 段)在希望和恐惧之间生活。
Understanding ideas
thanks to
幸亏
No one died thanks to Tilly.(Listening)幸亏蒂莉,无人死亡。
Listening
come out from
从…… 走出
Niu Yu came out from the shadows.(Reading for writing)牛钰走出阴影。
Reading for writing
look forward
展望
encourages them to look forward.(Reading for writing)鼓励他们展望未来。
Reading for writing
三、分类记忆拓展---中心主题:自然灾害与生命力量
灾害类型与现象
erupt v. 爆发
搭配:volcano erupt
volcano n. 火山
搭配:active volcano 拓展:volcanic ash 火山灰
ash n. 灰烬
搭配:a shower of ash
hurricane n. 飓风
搭配:hurricane warning
rainstorm n. 暴雨
搭配:heavy rainstorm
flood n. 洪水
搭配:flood disaster
earthquake n. 地震
搭配:earthquake warning
tsunami n. 海啸
搭配:tsunami warning
灾害反应与救援
flee v. 逃离
搭配:flee from danger
cover v. 覆盖
搭配:be covered in ash
rescue v. 救援
搭配:rescue worker
scared adj. 害怕的
搭配:be scared of
shocked adj. 震惊的
搭配:shocking things
hopeful adj. 有希望的
搭配:between hope and fear
warning n. 警告
搭配:disaster warning
alarm n. 警报器
搭配:loud alarm
drone n. 无人机
场景串联:
火山 erupt(爆发)→ ash(灰烬)如 shower(骤雨)→ 人们 flee(逃离)→ 无人机 drone(救援)→ 展现 courage(勇气)
词根联想:
warning(warn+ing)→ 预警系统
life-saving(life+saving)→ 救生设备
四.词汇巩固练习题
词汇选择题
The little girl was too ______ to move when she saw the snake.
A. lost B. scared C. shut D. thick
2. The volcano ______ suddenly, causing a huge cloud of ash.
A. erupted B. flooded C. increased D. operated
3. The air was ______ with smoke from the burning building.
A. straight B. lost C. thick D. upcoming
4. The ______ went off, warning people of the coming storm.
A. coach B. alarm C. service D. drawback
5. Niu Yu showed great ______ by sharing her story after the earthquake.
A. fashion B. courage C. shadow D. victim
6. The tsunami warning helped many people leave the ______ in time.
A. coast B. university C. orchestra D. drawback
7. The heavy rainstorm ______ all train services in the area.
A. increased B. shut C. stopped D. operated
8. The building was ______ in dust after the earthquake.
A. covered B. lost C. scared D. slim
9. While the hurricane ______, the airline canceled all flights.
A. blows B. is blowing C. blew D. was blowing
10. The ______ technology like drones helps rescue workers find survivors.
A. life-saving B. historical C. fashionable D. uncomfortable
2) 词汇填空题
1. The ______ (erupt) of Mount Vesuvius destroyed Pompeii.
2. She felt ______ (comfort) in the crowded bus.
3. The ______ (history) event is recorded in many books.
4. People ______ (flee) from the flooded area yesterday.
5. The ______ (warn) system gave people 10 minutes to leave.
6. The ______ (slim) girl lost her leg in the earthquake.
7. They played music to lift people's ______ (spirit).
8. The ______ (volcanic) ash covered the whole town.
9. She ______ (carry) the torch at the university games.
10. ______ (thank) to the rescue team, all passengers were safe.
3) 句子翻译题
1. 当地震发生时,我正在睡觉。(when)
2. 火山灰如骤雨般落下,覆盖了整个城市。(shower, cover)
3. 幸亏预警系统,人们及时离开了海岸。(thanks to, coast)
4. 牛钰勇敢地面对困难,成为了生命的女主角。(face...with courage, heroine)
5. 无人机在灾害中帮助寻找幸存者。(drone, survivor)
6. 我们应该永远勇敢面对生活中的挑战。(look forward, challenge)
五、练习题答案解析
词汇选择题
B. scared
解析:看见蛇感到 “害怕”,scared 符合语境。lost “迷路的”、shut “关闭的”、thick “浓密的” 均不符。
A. erupted
解析:火山 “爆发” 用 erupt,flood “淹没”、increase “增加”、operate “操作” 不符。
C. thick
解析:空气中 “浓烟弥漫”,thick with smoke 为固定搭配。
B. alarm
解析:“警报器” 响起用 alarm,coach “马车”、service “服务”、drawback “缺点” 不符。
B. courage
解析:分享故事展示 “勇气”,courage 符合。fashion “时尚”、shadow “阴影”、victim “受害者” 不符。
A. coast
解析:海啸预警让人们离开 “海岸”,coast 正确。university “大学”、orchestra “乐队”、drawback “缺点” 不符。
C. stopped
解析:暴雨 “停止” 火车服务,stop 符合。increase “增加”、shut “关闭”、operate “操作” 不符。
A. covered
解析:建筑被灰尘 “覆盖”,be covered in 为固定搭配。
D. was blowing
解析:while 引导过去进行时,飓风 “正在吹袭” 用 was blowing。
A. life-saving
解析:无人机是 “救生” 技术,life-saving 正确。historical “历史的”、fashionable “时尚的”、uncomfortable “不舒服的” 不符。
词汇填空题
eruption(名词,作主语)
uncomfortable(形容词,feel 后接表语,反义 + un-)
historical(形容词,修饰 event)
fled(动词过去式,flee 的过去式为 fled)
warning(名词,作定语,warning system 预警系统)
slim(形容词,修饰 girl)
spirits(名词复数,lift one's spirits 振奋精神)
volcanic(形容词,修饰 ash)
carried(动词过去式,与 games 时态一致)
Thanks(固定短语 thanks to,句首大写)
句子翻译题
I was sleeping when the earthquake happened.
(解析:过去进行时 + when 引导的一般过去时,happen 用过去式。)
Ash fell in heavy showers and covered the whole city.
(解析:shower “一阵”,cover “覆盖”,用一般过去时。)
Thanks to the warning system, people left the coast in time.
(解析:thanks to “幸亏”,coast “海岸”,in time “及时”。)
Niu Yu faced difficulties with courage and became the heroine of her life.
(解析:face...with courage “勇敢面对”,heroine “女主角”。)
Drones help find survivors in disasters.
(解析:drone “无人机”,survivor “幸存者”,用一般现在时。)
We should always look forward and face challenges in life with courage.
(解析:look forward “展望”,face...with courage “勇敢面对”。)

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