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2025学年第一学期学业质量发展阶段性训练
新沪教版八年级英语上册第一单元试卷
本试卷共14页，七大题，满分90分。考试用时100分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动后的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、涂改液和修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、语法选择题（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
The Earth is facing serious environmental challenges. Climate change, caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions, has led to rising temperatures and melting glaciers. To address this, countries worldwide 1 various measures. For example, China 2 strict regulations to reduce air pollution in major cities.
Scientists 3 that renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are crucial. “If we 4 fossil fuels, we can slow down global warming,” says Dr. Li, an environmental expert. Many cities 5 charging stations for electric vehicles to encourage cleaner transportation.
However, individual actions 6 equally important. Simple habits like recycling and saving water 7 a big difference. “Every small step 8 ,” explains environmental activist Wang Wei. “ 9 we all take responsibility, the Earth’s future will be brighter.”
In recent years, international agreements such as the Paris Agreement 10 by over 190 countries. These efforts aim to limit global warming 11 1.5°C. “It’s a race against time,” warns UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. “ 12 we act now, the consequences will be irreversible.”
Scientists also stress the importance of protecting ecosystems. Deforestation 13 habitats for countless species. “Planting trees 14 not only absorb carbon dioxide but also restore biodiversity,” says Professor Chen.
As students, we 15 to raise awareness. Organizing clean-up campaigns or participating in tree-planting activities can make a tangible impact.
1. A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take
2. A. has introduced B. introduces C. introduced D. will introduce
3. A. will agree B. agrees C. agreed D. agree
4. A. reduce B. reduced C. will reduce D. have reduced
5. A. build B. are building C. built D. will build
6. A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. A. makes B. made C. make D. will make
8. A. will count B. counted C. counts D. has counted
9. A. If B. Unless C. Although D. Because
10.A. will be signed B. are signed C. were signed D. have been signed
11.A. by B. in C. at D. to
12.A. If B. Unless C. When D. Since
13.A. destroy B. destroyed C. is destroying D. will destroy
14.A. help B. helps C. helped D. will help
15.A. will have a role B. had a role C. have a role D. has a role
二、完形填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
The Great Recycling Project
Last year, our school launched a recycling program to reduce waste. Students 16 into teams to collect plastic bottles and paper. At first, many were skeptical, but the results 17 us.
Each classroom 18 with two bins: one for recyclables and one for trash. Teachers 19 us to separate waste properly. “Every bottle recycled is a step toward a cleaner Earth,” said our principal.
By the end of the year, we 20 over 10,000 plastic bottles. The school sold them to a recycling plant, 21 money for environmental activities. We used the funds to plant trees in the schoolyard.
One of the most 22 moments was when a local TV station reported on our project. “Young people 23 the future of our planet,” the reporter said. This inspired other schools to start similar programs.
However, challenges 24 . Some students forgot to sort their waste, and the bins often overflowed. To solve this, we 25 “Recycling Ambassadors” to monitor the bins during lunchtime.
Today, recycling has become a daily habit for most students. Our project shows that small actions can lead to big changes.
16.A. divide B. divided C. were divided D. are divided
17.A. surprise B. surprised C. surprises D. will surprise
18.A. equipped B. equips C. is equipped D. was equipped
19.A. encourage B. encouraged C. encourages D. will encourage
20.A. had collected B. collected C. collect D. will collect
21.A. raises B. raised C. to raise D. raise
22.A. memorable B. memory C. memorize D. memorably
23.A. is B. were C. was D. are
24.A. exist B. existed C. exists D. will exist
25.A. appoint B. appointed C. are appointing D. will appoint
三、阅读理解（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
The Evolution of Encyclopaedias
Encyclopaedias have a long and rich history, dating back thousands of years. The word itself comes from Greek, meaning “general education,” and they have always served as a treasure trove of knowledge, gathering information from various fields into one accessible source.
One of the earliest known encyclopaedias was China’s Huanglan (Imperial Anthology), created around 220 CE. This collection of important writings covered subjects like history, art, and science, setting a precedent for organizing knowledge systematically. Centuries later, the Yongle Dadian, completed in 1408 during the Ming Dynasty, became a landmark—it had over 11,000 volumes, making it one of the largest encyclopaedias in history. Like its predecessor, it compiled works from scholars across different disciplines, preserving valuable information for future generations.
In Europe, the history of encyclopaedias also stretches back to ancient times. The Greeks, in the 4th century BCE, produced early versions that included works by various scholars, similar to Chinese encyclopaedias. However, it wasn’t until the 18th century that the “modern” encyclopaedia took shape. The Encyclopaedia Britannica, first published in 1768, introduced a key innovation: organizing entries in alphabetical order. This made it much easier for readers to find information quickly—instead of searching through volumes by subject, they could use the first letter of a word to locate entries.
Today, encyclopaedias have evolved beyond printed volumes. Online encyclopaedias, such as Wikipedia, offer instant access to millions of entries, with updates happening in real time. They include multimedia elements like videos, images, and links to related topics, making learning more interactive. Yet, printed encyclopaedias still hold value for their reliability and depth, as their entries are often written by experts and rigorously fact-checked.
Whether in print or online, encyclopaedias remain essential tools for learning. They connect us to the wisdom of the past while helping us understand the world we live in today.
26.What does the word “encyclopaedia” mean in its original Greek form
A. “General knowledge”
B. “Comprehensive learning”
C. “Universal education”
D. “Systematic records”
27.Why was the Encyclopaedia Britannica considered a “modern” encyclopaedia
A. It was the first encyclopaedia written by Greek scholars.
B. It included works from various disciplines.
C. It organized entries in alphabetical order.
D. It was published in multiple volumes.
28.How do online encyclopaedias differ from printed ones, according to the passage
A. They are less reliable than printed versions.
B. They include multimedia elements and real-time updates.
C. They only cover modern topics, not historical ones.
D. They were first created during the Ming Dynasty.
29.What is the main idea of the passage
A. The Yongle Dadian is the largest encyclopaedia in history.
B. Greek encyclopaedias were very different from Chinese ones.
C. Online encyclopaedias will soon replace printed ones completely.
D. Encyclopaedias have developed over time but remain important for learning.
Leonardo da Vinci – A Genius in an Encyclopaedia
Open any children’s encyclopaedia under the “Culture and Arts” section, and you’re likely to find an entry about Leonardo da Vinci. Born in 1452 in the countryside of Italy, da Vinci is often called a “genius” for his extraordinary talents in multiple fields. His life and work are a perfect example of what makes an encyclopaedia entry informative and fascinating.
The entry begins with his basic facts: he lived from 1452 to 1519, was born in Italy, and worked as a painter, inventor, musician, engineer, and scientist. But it’s his achievements that truly stand out. As a painter, his most famous work, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most recognizable painting in the world. Its mysterious smile and masterful use of light and shadow have puzzled and amazed viewers for centuries. Another iconic work, The Last Supper, depicts Jesus with his disciples and is celebrated for its emotional depth and composition.
Beyond painting, da Vinci’s notebooks reveal his innovative mind. He drew detailed sketches of flying machines, long before the invention of airplanes. These designs included a helicopter-like device and a glider, showing his understanding of aerodynamics. He also studied anatomy, creating precise drawings of the human body that were far ahead of his time. His notes, written in mirror writing (from right to left), add to the intrigue of his genius—some believe he did this to keep his ideas secret, while others think it was simply easier for a left-handed person.
Encyclopaedia entries often highlight how da Vinci’s work changed the way people think about art and science. He saw no separation between the two, believing that understanding nature’s laws was essential for creating great art. For example, his study of how light reflects off surfaces helped him perfect the “sfumato” technique, which creates soft, blurred edges in paintings—seen famously in the Mona Lisa’s face.
Whether you’re reading about his paintings, inventions, or scientific observations, da Vinci’s encyclopaedia entry shows why he remains a symbol of creativity and curiosity. It’s a reminder that encyclopaedias don’t just list facts—they tell the stories of people who shaped our world.
30.What fields did Leonardo da Vinci excel in, according to the passage
A. Painting, invention, music, engineering, and science.
B. Only painting and music.
C. Architecture and poetry.
D. Anatomy and mathematics.
31.Why is da Vinci’s “mirror writing” notable
A. It was a common writing style in the 15th century.
B. It made his notes easier for right-handed people to read.
C. It adds to the mystery of his genius.
D. It was a way to copy other scientists’ work secretly.
32.How did da Vinci’s scientific studies influence his art
A. They helped him develop new painting techniques.
B. They made him abandon art to focus on science.
C. They led him to paint only religious subjects.
D. They showed he had little understanding of nature.
33.What do encyclopaedias reveal about historical figures like da Vinci, according to the passage
A. Only their birth and death dates.
B. Stories of how they shaped the world, not just facts.
C. Secrets that should remain hidden.
D. Reasons why they were not appreciated in their time.
Dinosaurs – A Journey Through Time in Encyclopaedias
Open the “Living World” section of a children’s encyclopaedia, and you’ll find a fascinating entry about dinosaurs—those ancient creatures that ruled the Earth for over 180 million years. These entries don’t just list facts; they take readers on a journey through time, explaining where dinosaurs came from, how they lived, and why they disappeared.
Encyclopaedias tell us that dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago, during the Triassic Period. The word “dinosaur” comes from Greek, meaning “terrible lizard,” but they weren’t actually lizards. Instead, they’re related to modern-day crocodiles, snakes, lizards, and—surprisingly—birds. Scientists believe that birds are the direct descendants of a group of meat-eating dinosaurs called theropods, which includes the famous Tyrannosaurus rex. This connection was confirmed in the 1990s, when researchers in China discovered dinosaur fossils with feathers—showing that some dinosaurs were more bird-like than we ever imagined.
Dinosaurs came in all shapes and sizes. Some were as small as chickens, like the Compsognathus, while others, like the Argentinosaurus, were as long as 35 meters—about the length of three school buses. Their diets varied too: many were herbivores (plant-eaters), such as the Triceratops with its three horns, while others, like the Velociraptor, were carnivores (meat-eaters) that hunted in packs.
One of the biggest mysteries in dinosaur entries is their sudden disappearance about 66 million years ago. Encyclopaedias explain that scientists have many theories. The most widely accepted one is that a huge asteroid hit the Earth, causing fires, earthquakes, and a thick cloud of dust that blocked the sun. This killed plants, disrupted food chains, and led to the extinction of most dinosaurs. Other theories include volcanic eruptions or climate change, but the asteroid theory is supported by evidence like the Chicxulub crater in Mexico—a 180-kilometer-wide hole formed by the impact.
Encyclopaedia entries also note that not all dinosaurs died out. Those that evolved into birds survived, and today, we see their descendants in every sparrow, eagle, or penguin. This connection between ancient dinosaurs and modern birds is just one of the many wonders that make dinosaur entries in encyclopaedias so captivating.
34.When did dinosaurs first appear on Earth
A. 66 million years ago
B. 180 million years ago
C. 350 million years ago
D. 245 million years ago
35.Which modern animals are dinosaurs related to
A. Only lizards and snakes.
B. Crocodiles, snakes, lizards, and birds.
C. Mammals like elephants and tigers.
D. Fish and amphibians.
36.What evidence supports the asteroid theory of dinosaur extinction
A. Fossils of feathered dinosaurs.
B. The discovery of large carnivores like Tyrannosaurus rex.
C. The Chicxulub crater in Mexico.
D. Volcanic rocks from the Triassic Period.
37.Why do encyclopaedia entries mention that birds are descendants of dinosaurs
A. To show that all dinosaurs were small and bird-like.
B. To explain why some dinosaurs survived the extinction.
C. To prove that dinosaurs were not dangerous.
D. To highlight a surprising connection between ancient and modern life.
Nie Er – The People’s Musician in Encyclopaedias
In the “Culture and Arts” section of many Chinese encyclopaedias, you’ll find an entry honoring Nie Er—one of China’s most beloved musicians. Born in 1912 in Yunnan Province, Nie Er’s life was short but impactful, and his story in encyclopaedias is a testament to how music can inspire a nation.
Nie Er’s original name was Nie Shouxin, but he earned the nickname “Erduo” (which means “ear” in Chinese) because of his extraordinary ability to distinguish sounds. As a child, he could mimic bird songs, musical notes, and even the noise of street vendors with perfect accuracy. He loved this nickname, and later changed his name to Nie Er, combining “Erduo” with his family name.
The 1930s were a difficult time for China, with war and social upheaval causing great suffering. Encyclopaedias note that Nie Er used music to give voice to the people’s struggles. He wrote songs that reflected their hopes, anger, and determination to fight for a better future. One of his most famous works is “March of the Volunteers,” written in 1935. Originally the theme song for a patriotic movie, it later became China’s national anthem—a powerful symbol of unity and resilience.
In his short life (he died at just 23 in a drowning accident), Nie Er composed over 30 songs. Many of them were folk-inspired, using simple melodies that ordinary people could sing, making his music accessible and popular. Encyclopaedias highlight that his work wasn’t just entertainment; it was a tool for social change. He believed that music should “awaken the people” and encourage them to stand together.
Today, Nie Er is remembered as “the People’s Musician” because his songs belonged to everyone. Encyclopaedia entries often include quotes from his letters, such as: “Music is not for the rich alone—it’s for the workers, farmers, and students who build our country.” His story reminds us that great artists don’t just create art—they connect with the hearts of their people.
38.Why did Nie Er get the nickname “Erduo”
A. Because of his ability to distinguish and mimic sounds.
B. Because he had large ears.
C. Because he loved listening to folk music.
D. Because it was his family’s traditional nickname.
39.What was the significance of “March of the Volunteers”
A. It was the first song Nie Er ever wrote.
B. It became China’s national anthem.
C. It was a popular love song.
D. It was written for children.
40.Why is Nie Er called “the People’s Musician”
A. His music was only for rich people.
B. He wrote over 100 songs in his lifetime.
C. His music reflected the people’s struggles and united them.
D. He was a famous music teacher.
四、阅读填空（共 5 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Encyclopaedias are valuable tools for learning, but knowing how to use them effectively can make your search for information much easier. Whether you’re using a print or online encyclopaedia, following a few simple steps can help you find what you need quickly.
First, decide on your topic clearly. If you’re researching “dinosaurs,” for example, narrow it down—are you looking for their diet, timeline, or related animals A clear focus prevents you from getting lost in unrelated information. 41
Next, use the index or table of contents in print encyclopaedias. These sections list all topics in alphabetical order, with page numbers. In online versions, use the search bar and type in key words. 42 For instance, typing “Leonardo da Vinci + inventions” will lead you directly to details about his flying machines.
Then, practice scanning. Instead of reading every word, move your eyes quickly to find specific facts, like dates or names. 43 This skill is especially useful when you need to answer a specific question, such as “When did the Yongle Dadian get completed ”
After finding information, check if it’s reliable. Good encyclopaedias cite sources or list experts who wrote the entries. 44 If you’re unsure, cross-reference with another trusted source, like a textbook or museum website.
Finally, take notes and organize what you’ve learned. Write down key points, such as “Dinosaurs first appeared 245 million years ago,” and group them by subtopics. 45 By following these steps, you’ll turn a large encyclopaedia into a helpful guide for your studies.
A. This saves time and helps you avoid irrelevant entries.
B. This makes it easier to review later or use in a project.
C. Encyclopaedias often include maps and charts to explain complex ideas.
D. This step helps you avoid spending hours reading through unnecessary content.
E. For example, entries in the Encyclopaedia Britannica are written by scholars in their fields.
F. Scanning is different from skimming, which involves reading quickly to get a general idea.
五、语篇填空（共 5 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
阅读下面短文，并根据短文大意及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。
Encyclopaedias are like treasure chests full of knowledge, but many students don’t use them to their f 46 potential. Let’s explore how to make the most of these valuable resources.
First, learn to choose the right type. Print encyclopaedias are great for in-depth reading, while online ones offer q 47 access to updated information. For example, if you need the latest facts about space exploration, an online entry will be more useful than a 10-year-old print volume.
Second, pay attention to the structure of entries. Most start with basic facts (birth/death dates for people, timeline for events) and then move to details. This helps you find information in a l 48 organized way. For instance, a dinosaur entry might first state when they lived, then describe their size and diet.
Third, use cross-references. Many entries include links or notes to related topics. If you’re reading about Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings, you might see a reference to “Renaissance art,” which can l 49 you to more context.
Finally, remember that encyclopaedias are tools, not the only source. They give a solid foundation, but for deeper research, you may need books or articles by experts. By using encyclopaedias wisely, you’ll b 50 your knowledge and become a better learner.
六、完成句子（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据汉语提示完成英语句子，每空一词。
51.我们应该减少使用一次性塑料。
We should the use of disposable plastics.
52.政府已经制定了法律来保护环境。
The government laws to protect the environment.
53.骑自行车不仅环保，还能锻炼身体。
Riding a bike is environmentally friendly good for health.
54.如果我们不采取行动，污染会越来越严重。
we don’t take action, pollution will .
55.每个人都可以为环保出一份力。
Everyone can to environmental protection.
书面表达（共 15 分）
请以 “Let’s Protect Our Earth” 为题，写一篇 80-100 词的倡议书，呼吁大家行动起来保护环境。
答案
一、语法选择题
1.B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B
6. B 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D
11. D 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. C
二、完形填空
16.C 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. A
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B
三、阅读理解
26.C 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.A
31.C 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.B
36.C 37.D 38.A 39.B 40.C
四、阅读填空答案
41. D 42. A 43. F 44. E 45. B
五、语篇填空答案
46. full 47. quick 48. logically 49. lead 50. broaden
六、完成句子
51.cut down
52.has made
53.not only; but also
54.If; get worse and worse
55.make a contribution
七、书面表达（范文）
Let’s Protect Our Earth
Dear friends,
The Earth is our only home, but it’s facing serious threats like pollution and climate change. We must act now to protect it.
First, reduce waste by recycling and reusing. Sort your trash and avoid single-use plastics. Second, save energy by turning off lights and using public transportation. Third, plant trees to purify the air and restore ecosystems.
Every small action counts. Let’s work together to create a sustainable future. Remember, we have only one Earth—let’s cherish it!
Sincerely,
Li Hua

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