Unit 8 Knowing the world知识点总结【完整版】2024新冀教版七年级英语上

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Unit 8 Knowing the world知识点总结【完整版】2024新冀教版七年级英语上

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2024新冀教版七年级英语上
Unit 8 Knowing the world
知识点总结
单词+短语+句子+语法
(2022新课标)
一、重点单词
1. 地理与自然
1. world /w ld/ n. 世界
We live in a beautiful world.
2. country / k ntri/ n. 国家
3. continent / k nt n nt/ n. 大陆
4. ocean / n/ n. 海洋
5. mountain / ma nt n/ n. 山脉
6. river / r v (r)/ n. 河流
7. desert / dez t/ n. 沙漠
8. forest / f r st/ n. 森林
9. island / a l nd/ n. 岛屿
10. lake /le k/ n. 湖泊
2. 国家与城市
11. China / t a n / n. 中国
12. America / mer k / n. 美国
13. Japan /d p n/ n. 日本
14. France /frɑ ns/ n. 法国
15. capital / k p tl/ n. 首都
Beijing is the capital of China.
16. city / s ti/ n. 城市
17. population / p pju le n/ n. 人口
18. language / l ɡw d / n. 语言
3. 文化与标志
19. flag /fl ɡ/ n. 旗帜
20. national / n n l/ adj. 国家的
the national flag
21. traditional /tr d nl/ adj. 传统的
22. culture / k lt (r)/ n. 文化
23. food /fu d/ n. 食物
24. festival / fest vl/ n. 节日
25. famous / fe m s/ adj. 著名的
a famous building
4. 方向与位置
26. north /n θ/ n. 北方
27. south /sa θ/ n. 南方
28. east /i st/ n. 东方
29. west /west/ n. 西方
30. map /m p/ n. 地图
31. direction /d rek n/ n. 方向
32. location /l ke n/ n. 位置
5. 气候与天气
33. weather / we (r)/ n. 天气
34. sunny / s ni/ adj. 晴朗的
35. rainy / re ni/ adj. 多雨的
36. snowy / sn i/ adj. 多雪的
37. windy / w ndi/ adj. 多风的
38. cloudy / kla di/ adj. 多云的
39. hot /h t/ adj. 热的
40. cold /k ld/ adj. 冷的
6. 旅行与交通
41. travel / tr vl/ v. 旅行
I want to travel around the world.
42. trip /tr p/ n. 旅行
43. visit / v z t/ v. 参观
44. tourist / t r st/ n. 游客
45. passport / pɑ sp t/ n. 护照
46. airport / e p t/ n. 机场
47. hotel /h tel/ n. 酒店
48. ticket / t k t/ n. 票
7. 学习与探索
49. know /n / v. 知道
50. learn /l n/ v. 学习
51. study / st di/ v. 研究
52. explore / k spl (r)/ v. 探索
53. discover /d sk v (r)/ v. 发现
54. interesting / ntr st / adj. 有趣的
55. important / m p tnt/ adj. 重要的
8. 其他核心词汇
56. different / d fr nt/ adj. 不同的
57. same /se m/ adj. 相同的
58. people / pi pl/ n. 人们
59. place /ple s/ n. 地方
60. thing /θ / n. 事物
61. time /ta m/ n. 时间
62. year /j (r)/ n. 年
63. life /la f/ n. 生活
二、主要短语
1. 地理与方位
1. all over the world 全世界
People celebrate New Year all over the world.
2. in the north/south 在北方/南方
3. on the map 在地图上
4. next to... 紧挨着...
5. far from... 离...远
2. 国家文化
6. come from... 来自...
Koalas come from Australia.
7. be famous for... 因...闻名
France is famous for the Eiffel Tower.
8. national flag 国旗
9. traditional food 传统食物
10. different cultures 不同的文化
3. 旅行与交通
11. travel around 周游
12. go on a trip 去旅行
13. visit museums 参观博物馆
14. by plane/train 乘飞机/火车
15. take photos 拍照
4. 天气气候
16. weather forecast 天气预报
17. sunny day 晴天
18. heavy rain 大雨
19. in summer/winter 在夏天/冬天
20. change a lot 变化很大
5. 探索认知
21. get to know 开始了解
22. learn about... 学习关于...
23. find out 查明
24. be interested in... 对...感兴趣
25. ask for help 寻求帮助
6. 比较表达
26. the same as... 和...相同
27. different from... 不同于...
28. as...as... 和...一样
This river is as long as that one.
29. more than... 超过...
30. less than... 少于...
7. 实用表达
31. of course 当然
32. for example 例如
33. in fact 事实上
34. have fun 玩得开心
35. take care 保重
8. 其他重要短语
36. a lot of... 许多...
37. some day 某一天
38. at first 起初
39. each other 互相
40. welcome to... 欢迎来到...
三、重点句子
1. 国家与地理描述
1. China is in Asia.
(国家+be动词+方位介词+大洲)
2. The Amazon River is the longest in the world.
(最高级:the + 形容词最高级 + 范围)
3. Mount Qomolangma is between China and Nepal.
(between...and...表位置关系)
2. 文化特征表达
4. Japan is famous for cherry blossoms.
(be famous for + 特色事物)
5. People in France speak French.
("in+国家"作后置定语)
6. The Great Wall is a symbol of China.
(a symbol of + 国家/文化)
3. 天气与气候
7. What's the weather like in Australia now
- It's sunny and warm.
(询问天气固定句型)
8. It often rains in London in spring.
("it"指代天气,频度副词位置)
9. The Sahara Desert is very dry.
(形容词描述气候特征)
4. 旅行与探索
10. I want to travel around the world.
(want to + 动词原形表意愿)
11. Did you visit the British Museum last year
- Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
(一般过去时疑问句)
12. Let's go to Egypt to see the pyramids!
(Let's + 动词原形表建议)
5. 位置与方向
13. Canada is north of the United States.
(方位表达:A is + 方向 + of B)
14. Where is the Eiffel Tower located
- It's in Paris, France.
(be located in 表位置)
15. How can I get to the nearest hotel
- Go straight and turn left.
(问路与指路句型)
6. 比较与差异
16. Russia is larger than Canada.
(比较级:A + be + 比较级 + than B)
17. Chinese food is different from American food.
(different from 表差异)
18. This city is as modern as New York.
(同级比较:as...as...)
7. 认知与发现
19. Do you know about Brazilian carnival
(know about 表了解)
20. I learned that pandas only live in China.
(learned + that从句表认知)
21. We discovered many interesting things.
(discover + 宾语表发现)
8. 能力与许可
22. Can you speak Japanese
- Yes, a little./No, I can't.
(can表能力)
23. May I take photos here
- Sure./Sorry, it's not allowed.
(may表正式请求)
9. 存在与数量
24. There are many volcanoes in Japan.
(There be + 地点表存在)
25. How many countries are there in Africa
- There are 54 countries.
(How many + 可数名词复数)
10. 时间与经历
26. When did you visit Italy
- Last summer holiday.
(when + 一般过去时)
27. I have never seen snow before.
(现在完成时表经历)
11. 重要功能句型
28. What language do people speak in Mexico
- They speak Spanish.
(What language 询问语言)
29. Why is the Dead Sea so salty
- Because it has high mineral content.
(Why询问原因,Because回答)
30. Whose passport is this
- It's my brother's.
(Whose询问所属)
12. 综合运用
31. If you go to India, you should try curry.
(if条件句+情态动词建议)
32. Although Australia is big, its population is small.
(although让步状语从句)
33. The more you travel, the more you learn.
(the more..., the more...比较结构)
13. 文化互动
34. Welcome to our country!
(欢迎用语)
35. Could you tell me about your hometown
(委婉请求信息)
36. How do you celebrate this festival
(询问文化习俗)
14. 实用表达
37. Have a good trip!
(旅行祝福)
38. What an amazing place!
(感叹句:What + 名词短语)
39. It's time to explore the world!
(It's time to + 动词原形)
四、语法点
本单元语法主要学习it的用法。有拓展。
一)it的基础用法
1. 指代功能的三层境界
- 初级:指代单个名词
The phone is ringing. It's your mother.
(it=the phone)
- 中级:指代短语或概念
To forgive is difficult, but it's necessary.
(it=to forgive)
- 高级:指代整个句子
He always helps others, and it makes me admire him.
(it=前面整个分句)
2. 指代动物的特殊规则
| 动物类型 | 代词选择 | 示例 |
|-|-||
| 宠物/有名字动物 | he/she | My dog Max - he is 3 years old |
| 野生动物/未知性别 | it | A bird built its nest here |
| 拟人化动物 | he/she | The fox in the story - he was very clever |
3. 自然现象指代系统
- 天气:
It's raining/snowing/hailing/freezing
- 时间:
It's 9:15 / It's Monday / It's Christmas Day
- 环境:
It's dark/noisy/quiet in the room
二)it引导的形式主语
1. 三大类形式主语结构
2. 不定式作真正主语时的黄金搭配
- 重要性类:
It is important/necessary/essential to...
- 难度类:
It is easy/hard/difficult to...
- 情感类:
It is nice/interesting/fun to...
- 时间类:
It takes (sb.)...to...
3. 动名词作真正主语的限制条件
- 仅适用于特定形容词:
It's no use/good/fun/harm doing...
It's worth/worthwhile doing...
- 对比示例:
√ It's no use crying.
× It's important learning.(错误,应改用to learn)
4. 主语从句的四大金刚句型
- 普通陈述:
It is true that he passed the exam.
- 情感表达:
It is surprising that she didn't know.
- 传闻报道:
It is said that the museum will close.
- 主观判断:
It seems/appears that they are late.
三)形式宾语it的完全攻略
1. 认知动词+it+宾补+真宾语
- 常见动词矩阵:
find, think, consider, feel, make
- 结构示范:
I find it hard to understand this poem.
She thinks it strange that he left early.
2. 使役动词的特殊结构
- 经典搭配:
make it possible/impossible to...
- 实例:
The app makes it easy to learn vocabulary.
3. 介词后的形式宾语
- 固定短语:
see to it that...(确保)
depend on it that...(指望)
- 例句:
I'll see to it that the work is done.
四)强调句中it的用法
1. it用来强调不同句子成分
- 原句: I met Tom in the park yesterday.
- 强调主语: It was I that/who met Tom...
- 强调宾语: It was Tom that I met...
- 强调地点: It was in the park that I met...
- 强调时间: It was yesterday that I met...
2. 强调句的三大铁律
- it强调句后面只能用that引导从句(指人时可用who)
- 时态必须一致(is/was)
- 不能强调谓语动词
3. 强调句VS主语从句的区分
特征 强调句 主语从句
去掉It is...that 剩余部分可独立成句 不能独立
that作用 无实义 引导从句
示例 It is the book that I want. It is clear that he lied.
五)it的其它用法
1. 固定短语
It seems/appears that... 似乎...
It happens that... 碰巧...
It is said/reported that... 据说/据报道...
It doesn't matter... ...没关系
2 - 时间类:
take it easy(别紧张)
take it slow(慢慢来)
- 成功表达类:
make it(成功)
nail it(完美完成)
- 日常交际类:
That's it!(就是这样!)
Forget it!(算了吧!)
2. 修辞性it的妙用
- 模糊指代:
How's it going (最近如何?)
- 习惯表达:
It's your turn.(轮到你了)
- 情感强化:
It's so kind of you!
六)易错点
1. 指代歧义陷阱
- 模糊案例:
I put the cake on the table and ate it.
(it指代不明,可能引起误解)
- 正确表达:
I put the cake on the table and ate the cake.
2. 形式主语不可省略原则
- 典型错误:
Is necessary to wear uniforms.
- 正确版本:
It is necessary to wear uniforms.
3. 强调句的时态一致性
- 错误示范:
It is yesterday that he came.
- 正确示范:
It was yesterday that he came.
七)文化对比
中英思维差异
中文表达 英语转换 说明
"下雨了" It's raining 必须补出it
"很晚了" It's late 添加形式主语
"据说..." It is said... 需构建形式主语结构
八)记忆法
1. it功能记忆图
2. 口诀记忆法
it本领真不小,指代主语样样好
指物指时指天气,形式主语不可少
不定式,动名词,还有从句都需要
若遇强调要记牢,it is...that跑不了
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