资源简介 Unit1 Happy Holiday(Grammar Focus)本单元主要的语法点:Indefinite pronouns and a review of the simple past tense,即学习复合不定代词和复习一般过去时。一、复合不定代词1.定义:由 some、any、no、every加上- body、-one、-thing构成的不定代词叫作复合不定代词。除了 no one 以外,其他复合不定代词都写成一个词。构成规则:前缀:some-, any-, no-, every-后缀:-body(指人)、-one(指人)、-thing(指物)例外:no one 是两个词(但功能与复合不定代词一致)。常见复合不定代词:(1)some- 类(表 “某 / 一些”,多用于肯定句,也可用于表请求或建议的疑问句中)(2)any- 类(表 “任一 / 任何”多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句)(3)no- 类(表 “无 / 没有”,本身含否定意义)(4)every- 类(表 “每一个”,涵盖全部范围)指代对象 some - 类(肯、表请求或建议的疑) any - 类(否、疑) no - 类(有否定意义) every - 类(肯、否、疑)人 someone/somebody 有人;某人 anyone/anybody 任何人 no one/nobody 没有人 everyone/everybody 每个人物 / 事 something某事 anything任何事物 nothing没有事 everything所有事物注:no one 是两个词,但用法与复合不定代词相同。2. 语法功能(1)只作名词:在句中充当主语、宾语或表语(不能作定语)。主语:Everyone likes music.(谓语动词用三单形式)每个人都喜欢音乐。宾语:I saw nobody in the room.我看见没有人在房间。表语(即系动词之后):That’s nothing serious.(2)单数谓语:无论指人或物,作主语时谓语动词用单数。1.Everybody loves this song.每个人都喜欢这首歌。2.Nothing makes her happy these days.最近没有什么能让她开心。3.Everything in this room belongs to me.这个房间里的一切都属于我。(3)复合不定代词如果有定语修饰,定语须置于复合不定代词之后,如something special (特别的事),这与我们平常接触的不同,如cute cat(可爱的猫)。1.Did you do anything fun on your holiday 你假期做了什么有趣的事吗?2.I did nothing special.我没做什么特别的事。3.Yesterday, I met someone interesting.昨天,我遇到了一个很有趣的人。一般过去时1.定义:表示过去某个时刻或某一时间发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用;表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和 often,always 等表示频度的状语连用。常见的时间标志词:1. yesterday 系列2. ago 系列——时间段+ago …之前, 如three years ago3.last 系列 上一…, 如last Monday4.in+过去年份/世纪, 如in 20245.this/that系列, 如this morning6.其他,如once upon a time (从前)2.动词分为be动词,助动词,情态动词和实义动词,动词过去式分为规则和不规则变化。动词 be动词 助动词 情态动词 实义动词过去式 am,is-->was do/does-->did can-->could 规则变化are-->were will-->would 不规则变化may-->might动词过去式的规则变化规律①一般情况:直接+ed,如look-looked②以e结尾:直接+d,如hope-hoped③以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写词尾的辅音字母,再+ed,如stop-stopped如何区分重读闭音节:①重读 ②闭音节(字母:辅元辅 发音:辅+短元音+辅)④以辅音字母+y结尾:把y改为i,再+ed,如worry-worried辅音字母包括(a,e,i,o,u)动词过去式的不规则变化也有一定的规律:①动词原形和过去式同形cut(切),hit(击打),let(让),hurt(伤害),beat(打败),set(设置),cost(花费)②i-->a如begin->began(开始); sit->sat(坐); drink->drank(喝); give->gave(给); swim->swam(游泳)③i-->odrive-drove(开车);ride-rode(骑); write-wrote(写)④过去式以ought和aught结尾buy-bought(买); think-thought(认为); bring-brought(带来); catch-caught(抓住);teach-taught(教)⑤结尾d-->tbuild-built(建造); lend-lent(借出); send-sent(送); spend-spent(花费)⑥中间有双写的e结尾,改为单写,在词尾加tkeep-kept(保持); sleep-slept(睡觉); sweep-swept(打扫); feel-felt(感觉)初中常见的动词过去式不规则变化,如下两图:动词(Verb) 过去式(Past tense) 意思awake awoke 唤醒;醒来be (am, is, are) was, were 是bear bore 生育;忍受;承担beat beat 打败;敲打become became 变成;成为begin began 开始bleed bled 流血blow blew 吹;刮风break broke 打破;打碎bring brought 带来;拿来build built 建造;修建burn burnt /burned 燃烧;烧毁buy bought 购买catch caught 抓住;接住choose chose 选择come came 来;来到cost cost 花费;值(多少钱)cut cut 切割;剪deal dealt 处理;应付dig dug 挖;掘do did 做;干draw drew 画;绘制dream dreamt /dreamed 做梦;梦见drink drank 喝;饮drive drove 驾驶;开车eat ate 吃fall fell 落下;跌倒feed fed 喂养;饲养feel felt 感觉;觉得fight fought 打架;战斗find found 找到;发现fly flew 飞;飞行forget forgot 忘记;遗忘freeze froze 结冰;冻住get got 得到;获得;变得give gave 给;给予go went 去;走grow grew 生长;种植hang (悬挂) hung 悬挂;吊have had 有;吃;喝(助动词,用于完成时等)hear heard 听见;听到hide hid 隐藏;躲藏hit hit 击打;碰撞hold held 握住;举行hurt hurt 伤害;使疼痛keep kept 保持;保留know knew 知道;了解lay laid 放置;下(蛋)lead led 带领;引导learn learnt /learned 学习;学会leave left 离开;留下lend lent 借给;借出let let 让;允许lie (躺) lay 躺;卧light lit /lighted 点燃;照亮lose lost 丢失;失去make made 制作;制造mean meant 意思是;意味着meet met 遇见;会面mistake mistook 误解;弄错pay paid 支付;付费put put 放置;安放read /ri:d/ read /red/ 阅读;朗读ride rode 骑(马、自行车等)ring rang (使)发出钟声,响起铃声rise rose 上升;升起run ran 跑;奔跑say said 说;讲see saw 看见;明白sell sold 卖;销售send sent 发送;派遣set set 设置;放置shake shook 摇动;抖动shine shone 发光;照耀shoot shot 射击;拍摄shut shut 关闭;关上sing sang 唱歌sit sat 坐;就座sleep slept 睡觉smell smelt / smelled 闻;嗅speak spoke 说;讲speed sped / speeded 加速;疾行spell spelt / spelled 拼写spend spent 花费;度过spread spread 传播;展开stand stood 站立;忍受steal stole 偷;窃取stick stuck 粘贴;刺入sweep swept 扫;打扫swim swam 游泳take took 拿;取;乘坐teach taught 教;讲授tell told 告诉;讲述think thought 想;认为throw threw 扔;投掷understand understood 理解;明白wake woke 醒来;唤醒wear wore 穿;戴win won 赢;获胜write wrote 写复合不定代词练习单项选择。1. I knocked, but ____ answered the door.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody2. There’s ____ interesting in today’s newspaper, so I won’t buy it.A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything3. The manager wants to see ____ who was late this morning.A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one4. Is there ____ in the room I heard a strange noise.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody5. I’m looking for ____ good to read on the train.A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing6. We should do ____ we can to protect the environment.A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing二、根据中文提示填写正确的复合不定代词。1.________left a notebook in the library.有人把笔记本落在图书馆了。2. ________ wants to miss the school trip.没人想错过学校的旅行。3.Is there________ who can help me with math 有谁能帮我补一下数学吗?4. ________ in our class likes our English teacher.我们班每个人都喜欢我们的英语老师。5.There’s________ in my bag except a pen.我的包里除了一支笔,什么都没有。6. You can ask me ________ about the exam.关于考试,你可以问我任何问题。7.My mom bought________ sweet for me.妈妈给我买了些甜甜的东西。8. ________ is ready for the party tonight.今晚派对的一切都准备好了。9.________ is knocking at the door. Go and see.有人在敲门,去看看吧。10. Does ________ know where the gym is 有人知道体育馆在哪里吗?11.________ needs to bring a pencil tomorrow.明天每个人都要带一支铅笔。12. ________ can answer this question quickly.没人能快速回答这个问题。解析:一、1.答案:B解析:句意“没人应门”,用 nobody 表示否定意义。2.答案:A解析:根据结果“不买”推知“没有有趣内容”,否定意义用 nothing。3.答案:A解析:特指“今天迟到的那个人”,用 someone 更自然;anyone 侧重“任意一人”,语气不符。4.答案:C解析:疑问句中常用 anybody 表示“有人吗?” somebody 多用于肯定句。5答案:A解析:肯定句中表“某本好书”,用 something;anything 多用于疑问/否定。6.答案:C解析:do everything we can = 尽我们所能,固定表达。二、(注意首字母要大写)1.Somebody(某人,用于肯定句)2.Nobody(没有人,本身表否定)3. anybody(任何人,用于否定 / 疑问 / 条件句)4.Everybody(每个人)5. nothing(没有事物)6.anything(任何事物,用于否定 / 疑问 / 条件句)7. something(某物 / 某事,用于肯定句)8.Everything(一切事物)9.Someone(某人,较正式,用于肯定句)10.anyone(任何人,较正式,用于否定 / 疑问 / 条件句)11.Everyone(每个人,较正式)12.No one(没有人,较正式,本身表否定)一般过去时练习单项选择1. Tom ______ (clean) his room yesterday afternoon.A. cleanB. cleanedC. cleans2. She ______ (live) in Beijing last year.A. livedB. livesC. live3. My brother ______ (stop) playing games an hour ago.A. stopsB. stoppedC. stoped4. They ______ (go) to the zoo last Sunday.A. goB. wentC. gone5. I ______ (eat) breakfast at 7:00 this morning.A. eatB. ateC. eaten6. My father ______ (cut) his finger yesterday.A. cutB. cutsC. cutted7. ______ you ______ (watch) a movie last night A. Did; watchedB. Do; watchC. Did; watch8. She ______ (not do) her homework yesterday.A. didn’t doB. doesn’t doC. didn’t did9. What ______ they ______ (buy) in the store A. did; boughtB. do; buyC. did; buy10. He ______ (read) a book about history last week.A. readB. readsC. red11. The dog ______ (run) after the cat just now.A. runB. ranC. runs12. We ______ (have) a great time at the party last night.A. haveB. hadC. has13. Lucy ______ (study) for the test last night.A. studiesB. studiedC. studyed14. My mother ______ (teach) English in this school five years ago.A. teachB. taughtC. teached15. I ______ (see) that movie yesterday.A. sawB. have seenC. see二、短文填空Last weekend, Lisa 1. ______ (have) a busy but happy day. In the morning, she 2. ______ (get) up at 7:30. After brushing her teeth, she 3. ______ (eat) a big breakfast—eggs and milk. Then she 4. ______ (help) her mom clean the house. Her mom 5. ______ (say), “You’re such a good girl!” In the afternoon, Lisa 6. ______ (go) to the park with her best friend, Lily. They 7. ______ (play) badminton for an hour. At 4:00, they 8. ______ (buy) ice cream from a store near the park. It 9. ______ (taste) so sweet! In the evening, Lisa 10. ______ (watch) a cartoon on TV. She felt tired but happy when she went to bed.解析:一、1.答案:B解析:规则动词 clean 的过去式直接加 - ed,时间状语 yesterday afternoon 表明动作发生在过去。2.答案:A解析:live 以不发音的 e 结尾,过去式去 e 加 - d,last year 为过去时间标志。3.答案:B解析:stop 是重读闭音节动词(辅 - 元 - 辅结构),过去式需双写 p 再加 - ed,C 选项拼写错误。4.答案:B解析:go 的过去式为不规则变化 went,C 选项 gone 是过去分词,此处需过去式构成一般过去时。5.答案:B解析:eat 的过去式是 ate,eaten 是过去分词,this morning 表明过去动作,用一般过去时。6.答案:A解析:cut 的过去式与原形相同,C 选项拼写错误,规则动词变化不适用于不规则动词。7.答案:C解析:一般过去时的一般疑问句结构为 Did + 主语 + 动词原形,因此选 C。8.答案:A解析:一般过去时否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形,C 选项中 did 后不能接过去式 did。9.答案:C解析:特殊疑问句结构为疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形,bought 是过去式,此处需原形 buy。10.答案:A解析:read 的过去式拼写与原形相同,但发音为 /red/,C 选项 red 是颜色词,此处需动词过去式。11.答案:B解析:run 的过去式为 ran,A 选项是原形,C 选项是第三人称单数,just now 表示过去时间。12.答案:B解析:have 的过去式是 had,last night 表明过去时态,C 选项 has 用于一般现在时第三人称单数。13.答案:B解析:study 以辅音字母 + y 结尾,过去式变 y 为 i 加 - ed,C 选项拼写错误。14.答案:B解析:teach 的过去式是不规则变化 taught,C 选项规则变化不适用于此动词。15.答案:A解析:yesterday 是明确的过去时间状语,用一般过去时 saw;B 选项 have seen 是现在完成时,不与具体过去时间连用。二、解析 1.had:have 的过去式为 had。短文开头 “Last weekend” 表明整体用一般过去时,故填 had。 2.got:get 的过去式是不规则变化 got。“In the morning” 描述过去时间的动作,用过去式。 3.ate:eat 的过去式为 ate(不规则变化)。早餐是过去发生的动作,符合一般过去时语境。 4.helped:help 是规则动词,过去式直接加 -ed。“help her mom” 是过去的具体行为,用过去式。 5.said:say 的过去式是 said(不规则变化)。引号内是妈妈过去说的话,需用过去式。 6.went:go 的过去式为 went(高频不规则动词)。“In the afternoon” 对应过去的动作,故填 went。 7.played:play 是规则动词,过去式加 -ed。“played badminton” 是过去的活动,用过去式。 8.bought:buy 的过去式是 bought(不规则变化)。“bought ice cream” 是过去发生的购物行为。 9.tasted:taste 此处作实义动词 “尝起来”,规则变化加 -ed。描述过去冰淇淋的味道,用过去式。 10.watched:watch 是规则动词,过去式加 -ed。“watched a cartoon” 是过去晚上的活动,符合时态。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览