Unit 1 HappyHoliday语法讲义及练习(含解析)2025-2026学年人教版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit 1 HappyHoliday语法讲义及练习(含解析)2025-2026学年人教版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit1 Happy Holiday(Grammar Focus)
本单元主要的语法点:Indefinite pronouns and a review of the simple past tense,即学习复合不定代词和复习一般过去时。
一、复合不定代词
1.定义:由 some、any、no、every加上- body、-one、-thing构成的不定代词叫作复合不定代词。除了 no one 以外,其他复合不定代词都写成一个词。
构成规则:
前缀:some-, any-, no-, every-
后缀:-body(指人)、-one(指人)、-thing(指物)
例外:no one 是两个词(但功能与复合不定代词一致)。
常见复合不定代词:
(1)some- 类(表 “某 / 一些”,多用于肯定句,也可用于表请求或建议的疑问句中)
(2)any- 类(表 “任一 / 任何”多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句)
(3)no- 类(表 “无 / 没有”,本身含否定意义)
(4)every- 类(表 “每一个”,涵盖全部范围)
指代对象 some - 类(肯、表请求或建议的疑) any - 类(否、疑) no - 类(有否定意义) every - 类(肯、否、疑)
人 someone/somebody 有人;某人 anyone/anybody 任何人 no one/nobody 没有人 everyone/everybody 每个人
物 / 事 something某事 anything任何事物 nothing没有事 everything所有事物
注:no one 是两个词,但用法与复合不定代词相同。
2. 语法功能
(1)只作名词:在句中充当主语、宾语或表语(不能作定语)。
主语:Everyone likes music.(谓语动词用三单形式)
每个人都喜欢音乐。
宾语:I saw nobody in the room.
我看见没有人在房间。
表语(即系动词之后):That’s nothing serious.
(2)单数谓语:无论指人或物,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
1.Everybody loves this song.
每个人都喜欢这首歌。
2.Nothing makes her happy these days.
最近没有什么能让她开心。
3.Everything in this room belongs to me.
这个房间里的一切都属于我。
(3)复合不定代词如果有定语修饰,定语须置于复合不定代词之后,如something special (特别的事),这与我们平常接触的不同,如cute cat(可爱的猫)。
1.Did you do anything fun on your holiday
你假期做了什么有趣的事吗?
2.I did nothing special.
我没做什么特别的事。
3.Yesterday, I met someone interesting.
昨天,我遇到了一个很有趣的人。
一般过去时
1.定义:表示过去某个时刻或某一时间发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用;
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和 often,always 等表示频度的状语连用。
常见的时间标志词:
1. yesterday 系列
2. ago 系列——时间段+ago …之前, 如three years ago
3.last 系列 上一…, 如last Monday
4.in+过去年份/世纪, 如in 2024
5.this/that系列, 如this morning
6.其他,如once upon a time (从前)
2.动词分为be动词,助动词,情态动词和实义动词,动词过去式分为规则和不规则变化。
动词 be动词 助动词 情态动词 实义动词
过去式 am,is-->was do/does-->did can-->could 规则变化
are-->were will-->would 不规则变化
may-->might
动词过去式的规则变化规律
①一般情况:直接+ed,如look-looked
②以e结尾:直接+d,如hope-hoped
③以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写词尾的辅音字母,再+ed,如stop-stopped
如何区分重读闭音节:①重读 ②闭音节(字母:辅元辅 发音:辅+短元音+辅)
④以辅音字母+y结尾:把y改为i,再+ed,如worry-worried
辅音字母包括(a,e,i,o,u)
动词过去式的不规则变化
也有一定的规律:
①动词原形和过去式同形
cut(切),hit(击打),let(让),hurt(伤害),beat(打败),set(设置),cost(花费)
②i-->a
如begin->began(开始); sit->sat(坐); drink->drank(喝); give->gave(给); swim->swam(游泳)
③i-->o
drive-drove(开车);ride-rode(骑); write-wrote(写)
④过去式以ought和aught结尾
buy-bought(买); think-thought(认为); bring-brought(带来); catch-caught(抓住);teach-taught(教)
⑤结尾d-->t
build-built(建造); lend-lent(借出); send-sent(送); spend-spent(花费)
⑥中间有双写的e结尾,改为单写,在词尾加t
keep-kept(保持); sleep-slept(睡觉); sweep-swept(打扫); feel-felt(感觉)
初中常见的动词过去式不规则变化,如下两图:
动词(Verb) 过去式(Past tense) 意思
awake awoke 唤醒;醒来
be (am, is, are) was, were 是
bear bore 生育;忍受;承担
beat beat 打败;敲打
become became 变成;成为
begin began 开始
bleed bled 流血
blow blew 吹;刮风
break broke 打破;打碎
bring brought 带来;拿来
build built 建造;修建
burn burnt /burned 燃烧;烧毁
buy bought 购买
catch caught 抓住;接住
choose chose 选择
come came 来;来到
cost cost 花费;值(多少钱)
cut cut 切割;剪
deal dealt 处理;应付
dig dug 挖;掘
do did 做;干
draw drew 画;绘制
dream dreamt /dreamed 做梦;梦见
drink drank 喝;饮
drive drove 驾驶;开车
eat ate 吃
fall fell 落下;跌倒
feed fed 喂养;饲养
feel felt 感觉;觉得
fight fought 打架;战斗
find found 找到;发现
fly flew 飞;飞行
forget forgot 忘记;遗忘
freeze froze 结冰;冻住
get got 得到;获得;变得
give gave 给;给予
go went 去;走
grow grew 生长;种植
hang (悬挂) hung 悬挂;吊
have had 有;吃;喝(助动词,用于完成时等)
hear heard 听见;听到
hide hid 隐藏;躲藏
hit hit 击打;碰撞
hold held 握住;举行
hurt hurt 伤害;使疼痛
keep kept 保持;保留
know knew 知道;了解
lay laid 放置;下(蛋)
lead led 带领;引导
learn learnt /learned 学习;学会
leave left 离开;留下
lend lent 借给;借出
let let 让;允许
lie (躺) lay 躺;卧
light lit /lighted 点燃;照亮
lose lost 丢失;失去
make made 制作;制造
mean meant 意思是;意味着
meet met 遇见;会面
mistake mistook 误解;弄错
pay paid 支付;付费
put put 放置;安放
read /ri:d/ read /red/ 阅读;朗读
ride rode 骑(马、自行车等)
ring rang (使)发出钟声,响起铃声
rise rose 上升;升起
run ran 跑;奔跑
say said 说;讲
see saw 看见;明白
sell sold 卖;销售
send sent 发送;派遣
set set 设置;放置
shake shook 摇动;抖动
shine shone 发光;照耀
shoot shot 射击;拍摄
shut shut 关闭;关上
sing sang 唱歌
sit sat 坐;就座
sleep slept 睡觉
smell smelt / smelled 闻;嗅
speak spoke 说;讲
speed sped / speeded 加速;疾行
spell spelt / spelled 拼写
spend spent 花费;度过
spread spread 传播;展开
stand stood 站立;忍受
steal stole 偷;窃取
stick stuck 粘贴;刺入
sweep swept 扫;打扫
swim swam 游泳
take took 拿;取;乘坐
teach taught 教;讲授
tell told 告诉;讲述
think thought 想;认为
throw threw 扔;投掷
understand understood 理解;明白
wake woke 醒来;唤醒
wear wore 穿;戴
win won 赢;获胜
write wrote 写
复合不定代词练习
单项选择。
1. I knocked, but ____ answered the door.
A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody
2. There’s ____ interesting in today’s newspaper, so I won’t buy it.
A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
3. The manager wants to see ____ who was late this morning.
A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
4. Is there ____ in the room I heard a strange noise.
A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody
5. I’m looking for ____ good to read on the train.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
6. We should do ____ we can to protect the environment.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
二、根据中文提示填写正确的复合不定代词。
1.________left a notebook in the library.
有人把笔记本落在图书馆了。
2. ________ wants to miss the school trip.
没人想错过学校的旅行。
3.Is there________ who can help me with math
有谁能帮我补一下数学吗?
4. ________ in our class likes our English teacher.
我们班每个人都喜欢我们的英语老师。
5.There’s________ in my bag except a pen.
我的包里除了一支笔,什么都没有。
6. You can ask me ________ about the exam.
关于考试,你可以问我任何问题。
7.My mom bought________ sweet for me.
妈妈给我买了些甜甜的东西。
8. ________ is ready for the party tonight.
今晚派对的一切都准备好了。
9.________ is knocking at the door. Go and see.
有人在敲门,去看看吧。
10. Does ________ know where the gym is
有人知道体育馆在哪里吗?
11.________ needs to bring a pencil tomorrow.
明天每个人都要带一支铅笔。
12. ________ can answer this question quickly.
没人能快速回答这个问题。
解析:
一、
1.答案:B
解析:句意“没人应门”,用 nobody 表示否定意义。
2.答案:A
解析:根据结果“不买”推知“没有有趣内容”,否定意义用 nothing。
3.答案:A
解析:特指“今天迟到的那个人”,用 someone 更自然;anyone 侧重“任意一人”,语气不符。
4.答案:C
解析:疑问句中常用 anybody 表示“有人吗?” somebody 多用于肯定句。
5答案:A
解析:肯定句中表“某本好书”,用 something;anything 多用于疑问/否定。
6.答案:C
解析:do everything we can = 尽我们所能,固定表达。
二、(注意首字母要大写)
1.Somebody(某人,用于肯定句)
2.Nobody(没有人,本身表否定)
3. anybody(任何人,用于否定 / 疑问 / 条件句)
4.Everybody(每个人)
5. nothing(没有事物)
6.anything(任何事物,用于否定 / 疑问 / 条件句)
7. something(某物 / 某事,用于肯定句)
8.Everything(一切事物)
9.Someone(某人,较正式,用于肯定句)
10.anyone(任何人,较正式,用于否定 / 疑问 / 条件句)
11.Everyone(每个人,较正式)
12.No one(没有人,较正式,本身表否定)
一般过去时练习
单项选择
1. Tom ______ (clean) his room yesterday afternoon.
A. clean
B. cleaned
C. cleans
2. She ______ (live) in Beijing last year.
A. lived
B. lives
C. live
3. My brother ______ (stop) playing games an hour ago.
A. stops
B. stopped
C. stoped
4. They ______ (go) to the zoo last Sunday.
A. go
B. went
C. gone
5. I ______ (eat) breakfast at 7:00 this morning.
A. eat
B. ate
C. eaten
6. My father ______ (cut) his finger yesterday.
A. cut
B. cuts
C. cutted
7. ______ you ______ (watch) a movie last night
A. Did; watched
B. Do; watch
C. Did; watch
8. She ______ (not do) her homework yesterday.
A. didn’t do
B. doesn’t do
C. didn’t did
9. What ______ they ______ (buy) in the store
A. did; bought
B. do; buy
C. did; buy
10. He ______ (read) a book about history last week.
A. read
B. reads
C. red
11. The dog ______ (run) after the cat just now.
A. run
B. ran
C. runs
12. We ______ (have) a great time at the party last night.
A. have
B. had
C. has
13. Lucy ______ (study) for the test last night.
A. studies
B. studied
C. studyed
14. My mother ______ (teach) English in this school five years ago.
A. teach
B. taught
C. teached
15. I ______ (see) that movie yesterday.
A. saw
B. have seen
C. see
二、短文填空
Last weekend, Lisa 1. ______ (have) a busy but happy day. In the morning, she 2. ______ (get) up at 7:30. After brushing her teeth, she 3. ______ (eat) a big breakfast—eggs and milk. Then she 4. ______ (help) her mom clean the house. Her mom 5. ______ (say), “You’re such a good girl!”
In the afternoon, Lisa 6. ______ (go) to the park with her best friend, Lily. They 7. ______ (play) badminton for an hour. At 4:00, they 8. ______ (buy) ice cream from a store near the park. It 9. ______ (taste) so sweet!
In the evening, Lisa 10. ______ (watch) a cartoon on TV. She felt tired but happy when she went to bed.
解析:
一、
1.答案:B
解析:规则动词 clean 的过去式直接加 - ed,时间状语 yesterday afternoon 表明动作发生在过去。
2.答案:A
解析:live 以不发音的 e 结尾,过去式去 e 加 - d,last year 为过去时间标志。
3.答案:B
解析:stop 是重读闭音节动词(辅 - 元 - 辅结构),过去式需双写 p 再加 - ed,C 选项拼写错误。
4.答案:B
解析:go 的过去式为不规则变化 went,C 选项 gone 是过去分词,此处需过去式构成一般过去时。
5.答案:B
解析:eat 的过去式是 ate,eaten 是过去分词,this morning 表明过去动作,用一般过去时。
6.答案:A
解析:cut 的过去式与原形相同,C 选项拼写错误,规则动词变化不适用于不规则动词。
7.答案:C
解析:一般过去时的一般疑问句结构为 Did + 主语 + 动词原形,因此选 C。
8.答案:A
解析:一般过去时否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形,C 选项中 did 后不能接过去式 did。
9.答案:C
解析:特殊疑问句结构为疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形,bought 是过去式,此处需原形 buy。
10.答案:A
解析:read 的过去式拼写与原形相同,但发音为 /red/,C 选项 red 是颜色词,此处需动词过去式。
11.答案:B
解析:run 的过去式为 ran,A 选项是原形,C 选项是第三人称单数,just now 表示过去时间。
12.答案:B
解析:have 的过去式是 had,last night 表明过去时态,C 选项 has 用于一般现在时第三人称单数。
13.答案:B
解析:study 以辅音字母 + y 结尾,过去式变 y 为 i 加 - ed,C 选项拼写错误。
14.答案:B
解析:teach 的过去式是不规则变化 taught,C 选项规则变化不适用于此动词。
15.答案:A
解析:yesterday 是明确的过去时间状语,用一般过去时 saw;B 选项 have seen 是现在完成时,不与具体过去时间连用。
二、解析
1.had:have 的过去式为 had。短文开头 “Last weekend” 表明整体用一般过去时,故填 had。
2.got:get 的过去式是不规则变化 got。“In the morning” 描述过去时间的动作,用过去式。
3.ate:eat 的过去式为 ate(不规则变化)。早餐是过去发生的动作,符合一般过去时语境。
4.helped:help 是规则动词,过去式直接加 -ed。“help her mom” 是过去的具体行为,用过去式。
5.said:say 的过去式是 said(不规则变化)。引号内是妈妈过去说的话,需用过去式。
6.went:go 的过去式为 went(高频不规则动词)。“In the afternoon” 对应过去的动作,故填 went。
7.played:play 是规则动词,过去式加 -ed。“played badminton” 是过去的活动,用过去式。
8.bought:buy 的过去式是 bought(不规则变化)。“bought ice cream” 是过去发生的购物行为。
9.tasted:taste 此处作实义动词 “尝起来”,规则变化加 -ed。描述过去冰淇淋的味道,用过去式。
10.watched:watch 是规则动词,过去式加 -ed。“watched a cartoon” 是过去晚上的活动,符合时态。

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