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2025秋新人教八上语法讲义
Unit 3 Same or Different
含义：比较两个人或事物之间在某一性质上的差异（通常表示“更...”或“...一些”）。
例句：Tom is taller than Jim.（汤姆比吉姆高。）
This book is more interesting than that one.（这本书比那本更有趣。）
形容词比较级的构成规则：
情况分类 构成方式 例词（原级→比较级）
单音节词和少数双音节词 直接加 -er tall → taller；fast → faster
以不发音的 e 结尾 加 -r nice → nicer；large → larger
以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -er happy → happier；heavy → heavier
以 “重读闭音节” 结尾（辅元辅结构） 双写尾字母，再加 -er big → bigger；hot → hotter；thin → thinner
多音节词和部分双音节词（如 careful, important） 在词前加 more beautiful → more beautiful；carefully → more carefully
不规则变化
good / well → better (好的 → 更好的) bad / ill → worse (坏的/病的 → 更坏的/更糟的) many / much → more (许多的 → 更多的) little → less (少的 → 更少的) far → farther / further (远的 → 更远的（通常指距离）/ 更远的（可指距离或抽象概念）或进一步的) old → older / elder (年长的 → 更年长的/更老的（通用） / 年长的（尤指家庭成员间长幼排序）)
副词比较级的构成规则：
情况分类 构成方式 例词（原级→比较级）
大多数单音节副词 直接加 -er fast → faster；hard → harder；high → higher
以 -ly 结尾的副词（多为形容词 + ly 构成） 在词前加 more quickly → more quickly；carefully → more carefully；slowly → more slowly
少数双音节副词（非 -ly 结尾） 加 -er 或 more（均可） early → earlier / more early；late → later / more late
不规则变化
well → better 表示 “好” 的比较级 badly → worse 表示 “糟糕地” 的比较级 much → more 表示 “多” 的比较级 little → less 表示 “少” 的比较级 far → farther / further farther 侧重距离 “更远”；further 侧重程度 “进一步”
形容词比较级常用的句式：
A + 谓语（be） + 比较级 + than + B. 表示 “A 比 B 更……”。
例句：My car is older than yours.
This book is more interesting than that one.
主语+ become / get / grow + 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ... (越来越...)
注意：多音节的或部分双音节的词比较级要使用more+原级
例句：The weather is getting hotter and hotter.
She became more and more confident.
The + 形容词比较级 ..., the + 形容词比较级 ... 表示“越...就越...”。
例句：The older he gets, the wiser he becomes.
程度副词 + 比较级 + than
常用程度副词：much（…… 得多）、a little（一点）、a bit（一点）、even（甚至）、far（…… 得多）等，用于加强比较的程度。
例句：This box is much heavier than that one.
特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？ “...更... ”
例句：Who is taller, Peter or Jimmy
主语+be+the + 比较级 + of the two，表示两者中较…… 的一个。
例句：Lisa is the taller of the two girls.
This is the more interesting book of the two.
副词比较级常用的句式：
A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B。 表示 “A 做某事比 B 更……”，强调动作的程度差异。
例句：He runs faster than his brother.
She speaks English more fluently than her brother (does).
主语 + 动词 + 副词比较级 + and + 副词比较级。 表示"越来越..."。
例句：AI technology is developing faster and faster.
The pandemic spread more widely and more rapidly.
The + 副词比较级 + 主语+动词, the + 副词比较级 + 主语+动词。表达"越...就越..."（前后分句副词可不同）
例句：The harder you practice, the more skillfully you’ll perform.
主语+谓语+程度副词+副词比较级+than+其它。
常用程度副词：much（…得多）、a lot（很多）、far（远远）a little（一点）、slightly（略微）、even（甚至更）
例句：Please explain a little more slowly.
主语+谓语+the + 比较级 + of the two。两者中较…… 地
例句：He runs the faster of the two boys.
as...as...（同级比较）：
as...as... 中间只能接形容词或副词的原级，不能用比较级或最高级。
例句： 正确：He works as hard as his colleagues.（他和同事工作一样努力。）
错误：He works as harder as his colleagues.
否定形式：not as...as.../ not so...as..., 表示“不如”。
例句：This book is not as interesting as that one.（这本书不如那本有趣。）
She doesn’t dance as gracefully as her teacher.（她跳舞不如老师优雅。）
若需强调程度，可在第一个 as 前加程度副词（如 almost, just, nearly, quite 等），表示 “几乎一样”“刚好一样” 等。
例句：She is almost as tall as her mother.（她几乎和妈妈一样高。）
She is just as clever as you. (她和你一样聪明。)
用于数量比较：与 many（可数名词）或 much（不可数名词）搭配，表示 “数量一样多”。
例句：I have as many books as you.（我的书和你的一样多。）
She drinks as much coffee as her father.（她喝的咖啡和爸爸一样多。）
比较级的练习题
单项选择。
With the development of technology, our life is becoming _______ than before.
A. convenient B. more convenient C. most convenient D. conveniently
Riding a bike is _______ than driving a car in terms of protecting the environment.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
The new library in our school is not _______ as the old one.
A. as big B. so bigger C. as bigger D. so biger
Students should read _______ to know more about the world.
A. more B. much C. most D. many
In the talent show, Lily sang _______ than Lucy.
A. beautiful B. beautifully C. more beautifully D. most beautifully
Using cloth bags is _______ for the earth than using plastic bags.
A. helpful B. more helpful C. most helpful D. helpfully
The _______ we protect wild animals, the _______ our ecosystem will be.
A. more; healthier B. much; healthy C. many; healthily D. most; healthiest
This smart watch works _______ as that one, but it's cheaper.
A. as good B. as well C. so good D. so well
Peter runs _______ than any other student in the school sports meeting.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. more fast
Online classes are _______ popular than before during the pandemic.
A. very B. much C. more D. most
Reading in the sun is not _______ for our eyes as reading in bright light.
A. as good B. so better C. as well D. so best
The environment in the countryside is getting _______ and _______ with more trees planted.
A. clean; clean B. cleaner; cleaner C. cleanest; cleanest D. more clean; more clean
Tom speaks English _______ than his deskmate because he practices every day.
A. fluent B. more fluent C. fluently D. more fluently
A mobile phone is _______ than a computer when we travel.
A. convenient B. more convenient C. most convenient D. conveniently
The little girl can draw _______ as her art teacher.
A. as good B. so good C. as well D. so well
We should walk _______ to catch the early bus, or we'll be late.
A. quick B. quicker C. quickly D. more quickly
Planting more flowers makes our school _______ than before.
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. beautifully
The _______ teenagers know about environmental protection, the _______ actions they will take.
A. more; better B. much; good C. many; well D. most; best
This new kind of paper is _______ than the traditional one because it saves more trees.
A. useful B. more useful C. most useful D. usefully
Jack doesn't play basketball _______ as his brother, but he practices harder.
as good B. so good C. as well D. so well
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
With the "double reduction" policy, students have _______ (much) free time than before to develop their hobbies.
AI robots can work (efficient) than humans in some repetitive tasks.
Riding a bike is as _______ (environment) friendly as taking a bus.
The new library is _______ (quiet) than the old one, which is good for reading.
Students should finish their homework _______ (quick) to have more time for exercise, according to the "double reduction" policy.
Using cloth bags is _______ (good) for the earth than using plastic bags.
AI technology is developing _______ (fast) than many people expected.
The _______ (hard) we protect the environment, the _______ (healthy) our planet will be.
Online courses are not as _______ (interactive) as offline classes.
Recycling paper is _______ (important) than throwing it away.
句型转换。
Tom runs fast. John runs faster.（合并为一句，用比较级）
This book is interesting. That book is interesting too.（合并为一句，用原级比较）
Lucy is tall. Lily is taller than Lucy.（改为同义句，用 “not as...as”）
He speaks English well. She speaks English better.（合并为一句，用比较级）
The red pen is cheap. The blue pen is cheaper.（改为同义句，用 “more...than” 的否定形式）
This room is big. That room is as big as this one.（合并为一句，用原级比较）
Jim works hard. His brother works harder.（改为同义句，用 “not as...as”）
The math problem is difficult. The physics problem is more difficult.（合并为一句，用比较级）
She dances beautifully. Her sister dances beautifully too.（合并为一句，用原级比较）
This jacket is expensive. That jacket is less expensive.（改为同义句，用 “than”）
短文填空。
It was the school sports day. All students were excited. Tom and John would take part in the 100-meter race. Tom practiced 1. _______ (hard) than John every day, so he thought he would win. The race started. At first, John ran 2. _______ (fast) than Tom. Tom felt a little worried. But he tried 3. _______ (hard). Soon, he ran 4. _______ (quickly) than John and got to the finish line first. After the race, John said, "You ran 5. _______ (well) than me. I need to practice more." Tom smiled and said, "Your running is 6. _______ (good) than before. If you keep practicing, you will do 7. _______ (well) next time." Later, they watched the long jump. Lucy jumped 8. _______ (far) than Lily. But Mary jumped 9. _______ (far) of all. Everyone cheered for her. The sports day was 10. _______ (fun) than any other day. All students had a great time.
参考答案
一、单项选择答案。
答案：B
解析：句中有 “than”，需用比较级。“convenient” 是多音节词，比较级为 “more convenient”，故选 B。
答案：B
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“good” 的比较级是 “better”，句意为 “从环保角度看，骑自行车比开车更好”，故选 B。
答案：A
解析：“as...as” 中间用原级，“so...as” 多用于否定句。此处是肯定句否定形式 “not as...as”，“big” 的原级正确，故选 A。
答案：A
解析：根据语境 “为了更多了解世界”，需用比较级。“much” 的比较级是 “more”，表示 “更多地”，故选 A。
答案：C
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“sang” 是动词，需用副词修饰，“beautifully” 是多音节副词，比较级为 “more beautifully”，故选 C。
答案：B
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“helpful” 是多音节词，比较级为 “more helpful”，句意为 “使用布袋比使用塑料袋对地球更有好处”，故选 B。
答案：A
解析：“the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 是固定句型，意为 “越……，越……”。“much” 的比较级是 “more”，“good” 的比较级是 “better”，故选 A。
答案：B
解析：“as...as” 中间用原级，“works” 是动词，需用副词修饰。“well” 是副词，符合语境 “这款智能手表和那款运行得一样好”，故选 B。
答案：B
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“fast” 的比较级是 “faster”，句意为 “彼得在学校运动会上比其他任何学生都跑得快”，故选 B。
答案：C
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“popular” 是多音节词，比较级为 “more popular”，故选 C。
答案：A
解析：“as...as” 中间用原级，“be good for” 是固定搭配，意为 “对…… 有好处”。此处用形容词 “good”，故选 A。
答案：B
解析：“比较级 + and + 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”。“clean” 的比较级是 “cleaner”，句意为 “随着种的树更多，乡村环境变得越来越干净”，故选 B。
答案：D
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“speaks” 是动词，需用副词修饰，“fluently” 是多音节副词，比较级为 “more fluently”，故选 D。
答案：B
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“convenient” 是多音节词，比较级为 “more convenient”，句意为 “旅行时，手机比电脑更方便”，故选 B。
答案：C
解析：“as...as” 中间用原级，“draw” 是动词，需用副词修饰。“well” 是副词，符合语境 “这个小女孩画画能和她的美术老师画得一样好”，故选 C。
答案：D
解析：根据语境 “为了赶上早班车”，需用比较级。“walk” 是动词，需用副词修饰，“quickly” 是多音节副词，比较级为 “more quickly”，故选 D。
答案：B
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“make + 宾语 + 形容词” 是固定搭配，“beautiful” 是多音节词，比较级为 “more beautiful”，故选 B。
答案：A
解析：“the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 是固定句型。“many” 的比较级是 “more”，“good” 的比较级是 “better”，句意为 “青少年对环保了解得越多，他们采取的行动就会越好”，故选 A。
答案：B
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“useful” 是多音节词，比较级为 “more useful”，句意为 “这种新型纸比传统纸更有用，因为它节省更多树木”，故选 B。
答案：C
解析：“as...as” 中间用原级，“play” 是动词，需用副词修饰。“well” 是副词，符合语境 “杰克打篮球不如他哥哥打得好，但他练习更努力”，故选 C。
二、答案
more
more efficiently
environmentally
quieter
more quickly
better
faster
harder; healthier
interactive
more important
三、答案
1. 答案：John runs faster than Tom.
解析：原句分别描述两人跑步速度，用比较级 “faster than” 合并，明确约翰比汤姆跑得快，符合 “A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B” 结构。
答案：This book is as interesting as that one.
解析：两句均表示书有趣，用原级比较 “as...as” 连接，强调两本书趣味性相同，“as + 形容词原级 + as” 用于同级比较。
答案：Lucy is not as tall as Lily.
解析：原句意为 “莉莉比露西高”，转换为 “露西不如莉莉高”，用 “not as + 形容词原级 + as” 表达 “A 不如 B”，是比较级的否定同义转换。
答案：She speaks English better than he does.
解析：合并两人英语说得好的程度，用 “better than” 体现比较，“does” 替代前文 “speaks English” 避免重复，符合副词比较级句式。
答案：The red pen is not more expensive than the blue pen.
解析：原句 “蓝色钢笔更便宜” 即 “红色钢笔不如蓝色钢笔便宜”，“cheap” 的反义是 “expensive”，用 “not more expensive than” 表达否定比较，与原句意思一致。
答案：That room is as big as this room.
解析：用 “as + 形容词原级 + as” 合并两句，强调两个房间大小相同，“this room” 可简化为 “this one”，保持原级比较结构。
答案：Jim does not work as hard as his brother.
解析：原句 “他哥哥工作更努力” 转换为 “吉姆不如他哥哥工作努力”，“not as + 副词原级 + as” 用于副词同级比较的否定，“does” 替代 “works” 使句子简洁。
答案：The physics problem is more difficult than the math problem.
解析：合并两门学科问题的难度，用 “more difficult than” 体现比较级，明确物理题比数学题更难，符合多音节形容词比较级用法。
答案：She dances as beautifully as her sister.
解析：用 “as + 副词原级 + as” 合并两人跳舞优美的程度，强调同级比较，副词 “beautifully” 修饰动词 “dances”。
答案：That jacket is less expensive than this one.
解析：原句 “那件夹克没这件贵” 即 “那件夹克比这件便宜”，用 “less + 形容词原级 + than” 表达比较级，与 “than” 搭配符合语法规则。
四、
答案：harder
解析：句中有 “than”，提示用比较级。“hard” 作副词时，比较级为 “harder”，此处表示 “汤姆每天比约翰练习得更努力”。
答案：faster
解析：“than” 表明需用比较级。“fast” 作副词，比较级是 “faster”，句意为 “一开始，约翰跑得比汤姆快”。
答案：harder
解析：结合语境，汤姆因为担心而 “更努力” 尝试，暗含与之前自己速度的比较，用 “hard” 的比较级 “harder”。
答案：more quickly
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“quickly” 是多音节副词，比较级为 “more quickly”，表示 “他跑得比约翰更快”。
答案：better
解析：“than” 表明用比较级。“well” 的比较级是 “better”，此处约翰称赞汤姆跑得比自己好。
答案：better
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“good” 的比较级是 “better”，汤姆认为约翰的跑步比以前更好了。
答案：better
解析：此处暗含下次与这次的比较，用 “well” 的比较级 “better”，表示 “如果你坚持练习，下次会做得更好”。
答案：farther
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“far” 表示距离时，比较级为 “farther”，句意为 “露西跳得比莉莉远”。
答案：the farthest
解析：“of all” 表明是三者及以上的比较，用最高级。“far” 的最高级为 “the farthest”，表示 “玛丽在所有人中跳得最远”。
答案：more fun
解析：“than” 提示用比较级。“fun” 作形容词时，比较级为 “more fun”，此处表示 “运动会比其他任何一天都更有趣”。

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