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2024新外研版八年级英语上
Unit 2 Getting along
知识点总结
【单词+短语+句子+语法】
（2022新课标）
重点单词
1. apologize / p l d a z/ v. 道歉
例句：You should apologize for being late.
2. awkward / kw d/ adj. 尴尬的
例句：There was an awkward silence.
3. bond /b nd/ n. 纽带
例句：Shared interests create strong bonds.
4. betray /b tre / v. 背叛
例句：He felt betrayed by his friend.
5. compromise / k mpr ma z/ n./v. 妥协
例句：A good relationship requires compromise.
6. conflict / k nfl kt/ n. 冲突
例句：They resolved the conflict peacefully.
7. disagreement / d s ɡri m nt/ n. 分歧
例句：We had a disagreement about money.
8. distance / d st ns/ n. 距离；疏远
例句：Long-distance relationships are hard.
9. embarrassed / m b r st/ adj. 尴尬的
例句：She felt embarrassed about her mistake.
10. empathy / emp θi/ n. 共情
例句：Empathy helps us understand others.
11. forgive /f ɡ v/ v. 原谅
例句：It’s hard to forgive betrayal.
12. frank /fr k/ adj. 坦率的
例句：Let me be frank with you.
13. generation / d en re n/ n. 一代人
例句：There’s a generation gap between us.
14. gossip / ɡ s p/ n./v. 八卦
例句：Spreading gossip harms relationships.
15. honesty / n sti/ n. 诚实
例句：Honesty is the best policy.
16. humble / h mb l/ adj. 谦逊的
例句：He’s humble despite his success.
17. ignore / ɡ n r/ v. 忽视
例句：Ignoring problems won’t solve them.
18. insult / n s lt/ v./n. 侮辱
例句：His comment felt like an insult.
19. jealous / d el s/ adj. 嫉妒的
例句：She’s jealous of her friend’s success.
20. judgmental /d d ment l/ adj. 爱评判的
例句：Don’t be too judgmental.
21. kindness / ka ndn s/ n. 善意
例句：Kindness builds strong friendships.
22. misunderstand / m s nd st nd/ v. 误解
例句：They misunderstood each other’s intentions.
23. negotiate /n ɡ ie t/ v. 协商
例句：We negotiated a solution.
24. offend / fend/ v. 冒犯
例句：I didn’t mean to offend you.
25. patience / pe ns/ n. 耐心
例句：Patience is key in relationships.
26. prejudice / pred d s/ n. 偏见
例句：Prejudice harms communication.
27. quarrel / kw r l/ n./v. 争吵
例句：They quarreled over small things.
28. reconcile / rek nsa l/ v. 和解
例句：They reconciled after the fight.
29. resent /r zent/ v. 怨恨
例句：He resented being ignored.
30. respect /r spekt/ n./v. 尊重
例句：Mutual respect is essential.
31. selfish / self / adj. 自私的
例句：Selfish people lose friends.
32. sensitive / sens t v/ adj. 敏感的
例句：She’s sensitive to criticism.
33. trust /tr st/ n./v. 信任
例句：Trust takes years to build.
34. tolerance / t l r ns/ n. 宽容
例句：Tolerance reduces conflicts.
35. unite /ju na t/ v. 团结
例句：Difficulties united them.
36. vulnerable / v ln r bl/ adj. 脆弱的
例句：He felt vulnerable after the argument.
37. willingness / w l n s/ n. 意愿
例句：Success requires willingness to learn.
38. blame /ble m/ v. 责备
municate /k mju n ke t/ v. 沟通
40. criticize / kr t sa z/ v. 批评
41. disrespectful / d sr spektf l/ adj. 无礼的
42. frustrated /fr stre t d/ adj. 沮丧的
43. generous / d en r s/ adj. 慷慨的
44. harsh /hɑ / adj. 严厉的
45. interact / nt r kt/ v. 互动
46. lonely / l nli/ adj. 孤独的
47. mature /m t r/ adj. 成熟的
48. nag /n ɡ/ v. 唠叨
49. obstacle / bst kl/ n. 障碍
50. praise /pre z/ v./n. 表扬
51. qualify / kw l fa / v. 限定
52. reliable /r la bl/ adj. 可靠的
53. sincere /s n s r/ adj. 真诚的
54. tease /ti z/ v. 取笑
55. upset / p set/ adj. 心烦的
56. value / v lju / v./n. 重视；价值
57. warm-hearted / w m hɑ t d/ adj. 热心的
58. yell /jel/ v. 大喊
59. zero in on 专注于
60. annoyed / n d/ adj. 恼怒的
61. bother / b r/ v. 打扰
62. confide /k n fa d/ v. 倾诉
主要短语
人际交往类短语
1. get along (with)
- 与...相处融洽
例句：She gets along well with her classmates.
2. build up trust
- 建立信任
例句：Sharing secrets helps build up trust.
3. clear the air
- 消除误会
例句：A honest talk can clear the air.
4. put oneself in sb's shoes
- 换位思考
例句：Before judging, try to put yourself in his shoes.
5. see eye to eye (with)
- 意见一致
例句：We rarely see eye to eye on politics.
沟通表达类短语
6. speak one's mind
- 直言不讳
例句：He always speaks his mind, even if it's harsh.
7. beat around the bush
- 拐弯抹角
例句：Stop beating around the bush! Tell me the truth.
8. get one's point across
- 传达观点
例句：She used examples to get her point across.
9. talk sth over
- 商量
例句：Let's talk over the plan tomorrow.
10. keep in touch (with)
- 保持联系
例句：We promised to keep in touch after graduation.
冲突解决类短语
11. make up (with)
- 和好
例句：They argued but later made up.
12. smooth things over
- 缓和矛盾
例句：He joked to smooth things over.
13. bury the hatchet
- 和解
例句：After years of fighting, they finally buried the hatchet.
14. hold a grudge (against)
- 怀恨在心
例句：Don't hold a grudge for small mistakes.
15. give sb the cold shoulder
- 冷落某人
例句：She gave me the cold shoulder all day.
情感态度类短语
16. have a lot in common
- 有很多共同点
例句：We have a lot in common, like loving music.
17. feel left out
- 感到被忽视
例句：He felt left out at the party.
18. take sth personally
- 对...耿耿于怀
例句：Don't take criticism personally.
19. be there for sb
- 支持某人
例句：True friends are always there for you.
20. let sb down
- 让某人失望
例句：I promise I won't let you down.
行为习惯类短语
21. stick to one's word
- 信守承诺
例句：A good leader should stick to his word.
22. go back on one's promise
- 违背诺言
例句：He never goes back on his promises.
23. keep one's temper
- 克制脾气
例句：It's hard to keep your temper in arguments.
24. lose one's cool
- 失去冷静
例句：She lost her cool when he interrupted her.
25. break the ice
- 打破僵局
例句：A joke can help break the ice.
其他实用短语
26. on good terms (with)
- 关系良好
例句：They parted on good terms.
27. fall out (with)
- 闹翻
例句：They fell out over money.
28. patch things up
- 修复关系
例句：They patched things up after the fight.
29. rub sb the wrong way
- 惹恼某人
例句：His arrogance rubs me the wrong way.
30. win sb over
- 说服/赢得某人支持
例句：Her smile won everyone over.
31. give and take - 互相让步
32. mend fences - 修复关系
33. keep the peace - 维持和睦
34. air one's grievances - 发泄不满
35. turn a blind eye - 视而不见
36. walk on eggshells - 小心翼翼
37. burn bridges - 断绝关系
38. hit it off - 一见如故
39. stand by sb - 支持某人
40. bring sb closer - 拉近距离
41. drift apart - 渐行渐远
42. set boundaries - 设定界限
43. take the initiative - 主动行动
重点句子
人际关系
1. Communication is the key to maintaining good relationships.
沟通是维持良好关系的关键。
语法点：不定式作后置定语
2. We had a disagreement, but we managed to work it out.
我们有分歧，但成功解决了。
短语：work out = 解决
3. It takes patience and understanding to get along with others.
与人相处需要耐心和理解。
句型：It takes...to do...
4. She felt betrayed when her friend broke the promise.
当朋友失信时，她感到被背叛。
情感动词：feel + 过去分词
5. Putting yourself in others' shoes helps avoid conflicts.
换位思考有助于避免冲突。
短语：put oneself in sb's shoes
情感表达
6. What really upset me was his indifference.
真正让我难过的是他的冷漠。
强调句：What...was...
7. I can't help feeling disappointed when being ignored.
被忽视时我忍不住感到失望。
句型：can't help doing
8. There's no point hiding your true feelings.
隐藏真实情感没有意义。
句型：There's no point (in) doing
9. The more you communicate, the closer you become.
沟通越多，关系越亲密。
比较级句型：The more..., the more...
建议与解决
10. Why don't we sit down and talk it over
我们何不坐下来好好谈谈？
建议句型：Why don't...
11. If I were you, I would apologize first.
如果我是你，我会先道歉。
虚拟语气
12. It's high time we cleared the misunderstanding.
是时候消除误会了。
固定句型：It's (high) time + 过去式
13. You'd better not jump to conclusions.
你最好不要妄下结论。
建议：had better (not) do
语法重点
14. Not only did he forgive me, but he also offered help.
他不仅原谅了我，还提供了帮助。
倒装句：Not only...but also...
15. It was his honesty that moved me deeply.
正是他的诚实深深打动了我。
强调句：It is/was...that...
16. Having argued for hours, they finally reached an agreement.
争吵了几个小时后，他们最终达成一致。
现在分词作状语
其它
17. Trust once lost is hard to regain.
信任一旦失去就很难重新获得。（被动语态：trust与lost构成被动关系）
18. I find it crucial to respect differences.
我发现尊重差异至关重要。（形式宾语：it替代不定式to respect differences）
19. She tends to overreact to criticism.
她往往对批评反应过度。（tend to do：倾向于做某事）
20. We ended up misunderstanding each other.
我们最终误解了彼此。（end up doing：以...告终）
21. It occurred to me that I should compromise.
我突然想到我应该妥协。（It occurs to sb that...：某人突然想到...）
22. Don't take his blunt words personally.
别把他直率的话当作针对你。（take...personally：对...耿耿于怀）
23. They are on the verge of breaking up.
他们濒临分手边缘。（on the verge of：即将...）
24. He made it a rule to listen patiently.
他把耐心倾听定为规矩。（make it a rule to do：规定必须做某事）
25. Only by communicating can we solve this.
只有通过沟通我们才能解决这个问题。（倒装句：Only+状语位于句首引起倒装）
26. I was about to give up when he apologized.
我正要放弃时他道歉了。（be about to do：即将做某事）
27. You can't afford to lose good friends.
你承受不起失去好朋友的代价。（can't afford to do：承担不起...后果）
28. We have a lot in common besides hobbies.
除了爱好我们还有很多共同点。（have...in common：有共同之处）
29. She always stands by me when I'm in trouble.
我遇到困难时她总是支持我。（stand by：支持）
30. The generation gap seems unavoidable.
代沟似乎不可避免。（seem + adj.：似乎...）
31. He finally owned up to his mistake.
他终于承认了自己的错误。（own up to：坦白承认）
32. I'm fed up with your excuses.
我受够了你的借口。（be fed up with：对...感到厌烦）
33. Don't take friendship for granted.
不要把友谊视为理所当然。（take...for granted：认为...理所当然）
34. They drifted apart after graduation.
毕业后他们渐行渐远。（drift apart：关系疏远）
35. A simple gesture can break the ice.
一个简单的举动就能打破僵局。（break the ice：打破冷场）
36. She has difficulty expressing emotions.
她不善于表达情感。（have difficulty doing：做...有困难）
37. We should learn to agree to disagree.
我们应该学会接受不同意见。（agree to disagree：求同存异）
语法点
本单元语法还是现在完成时，上单元已经具体复习。这里再说下与一般过去时区别：
一）核心概念区别
对比 维度 现在完成时 一般过去时
时间 焦点 强调过去动作与现在的联系 仅描述过去发生的独立事件
时间 状语 不接具体过去时间 必须/可接具体过去时间
结果 影响 动作导致现在的结果或状态 仅陈述过去事实，与现在无关
二）具体用法对比
1. 是否与现在相关
- 现在完成时：动作影响持续到现在
> I have lost my keys. （现在找不到钥匙）
> She has broken her leg. （现在腿还是断的）
- 一般过去时：动作完全属于过去
> I lost my keys yesterday. （仅陈述昨天的事实）
> She broke her leg last month. （现在可能已康复）
2. 时间状语限制
- 现在完成时禁用：
yesterday, last week, in 2020（具体时间）, when I was young
> I have seen him yesterday. （×）
> I saw him yesterday. （√）
- 现在完成时专用：
already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, recently
> They have already left.
> Have you finished yet
3. 延续性动作 vs 瞬间动作
- 现在完成时：
需用延续性动词表示持续状态（live, work, know）
> I have lived here for 10 years. （√）
> I have died for 10 years. （×，die是瞬间动词）
> He has been dead for 10 years. （√，用形容词表状态）
- 一般过去时：
无此限制
> He died 10 years ago. （√）
三）经典对比案例
1. 经历 vs 具体事件
- 现在完成时：Have you ever been to Paris （询问人生经历）
- 一般过去时：When did you go to Paris （询问具体时间）
2. 未完成 vs 已完成
- 现在完成时：I have read 3 books this month. （本月可能继续读）
- 一般过去时：I read 3 books last month. （上月已结束）
3. 最近动作 vs 过去动作
- 现在完成时：The CEO has resigned. （刚辞职，现在没CEO）
- 一般过去时：The CEO resigned in 2020. （过去事件）
四）特殊注意事项
固定句型要求：
- It's the first time... 必须用现在完成时
> It's the first time I've driven a car.
- 最高级+名词+从句常用现在完成时
> This is the best movie I've ever seen.
3. 新闻标题习惯：
为强调时效性，新闻常用现在完成时
> Scientists have discovered a new planet.
五）易错点总结
1. 错误搭配时间状语
She has graduated in 2020.
She graduated in 2020.
2. 混淆延续性动词
We have married for 5 years.
We have been married for 5 years.
3. 误用一般过去时表影响
I ate too much. Now I feel sick. （应强调现在结果）
I 've eaten too much. Now I feel sick.
通过以上对比，大家关键记住：
现在完成时 = 过去动作 + 现在相关性
一般过去时 = 过去动作 + 无现在联系

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