Unit 5 Play by the rules!知识点总结(完整版)2024新外研版八年级上册

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Unit 5 Play by the rules!知识点总结(完整版)2024新外研版八年级上册

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2024新外研版八年级英语上
Unit 5 Play by the rules!
知识点总结
(2022新课标)
重点单词
1. 核心词汇
1. rule /ru l/ n. 规则
2. follow / f l / v. 遵守
3. break /bre k/ v. 违反
4. punish / p n / v. 惩罚
5. fair /fe (r)/ adj. 公平的
6. unfair / n fe (r)/ adj. 不公平的
7. honest / n st/ adj. 诚实的
8. cheat /t i t/ v. 作弊
9. respect /r spekt/ v. 尊重
10. polite /p la t/ adj. 礼貌的
2. 行为与责任
11. allow / la / v. 允许
12. forbid /f b d/ v. 禁止
13. warn /w n/ v. 警告
14. advise / d va z/ v. 建议
15. encourage / n k r d / v. 鼓励
16. discourage /d s k r d / v. 阻止
17. behave /b he v/ v. 表现
18. behavior /b he vj (r)/ n. 行为
19. responsible /r sp ns bl/ adj. 负责的
20. duty / dju ti/ n. 责任
3. 运动与竞赛
21. compete /k m pi t/ v. 竞争
22. competition / k mp t n/ n. 比赛
23. winner / w n (r)/ n. 获胜者
24. loser / lu z (r)/ n. 失败者
25. score /sk (r)/ n./v. 得分
26. referee / ref ri / n. 裁判
27. judge /d d / n./v. 裁判;判断
28. teamwork / ti mw k/ n. 团队合作
29. victory / v kt ri/ n. 胜利
30. defeat /d fi t/ v./n. 击败
4. 社会规则
31. law /l / n. 法律
32. legal / li ɡl/ adj. 合法的
33. illegal / li ɡl/ adj. 非法的
34. sign /sa n/ n. 标志
35. notice / n t s/ n./v. 通知;注意
36. queue /kju / v. 排队
37. crowd /kra d/ n. 人群
38. noisy / n zi/ adj. 吵闹的
39. silent / sa l nt/ adj. 安静的
40. patient / pe nt/ adj. 耐心的
5. 情感与态度
41. angry / ɡri/ adj. 生气的
42. calm /kɑ m/ adj. 冷静的
43. proud /pra d/ adj. 骄傲的
44. shame / e m/ n. 羞愧
45. embarrassed / m b r st/ adj. 尴尬的
46. nervous / n v s/ adj. 紧张的
47. confident / k nf d nt/ adj. 自信的
48. brave /bre v/ adj. 勇敢的
49. selfish / self / adj. 自私的
50. generous / d en r s/ adj. 慷慨的
6. 其它词汇
51. safety / se fti/ n. 安全
52. danger / de nd (r)/ n. 危险
53. risk /r sk/ n./v. 风险;冒险
54. trust /tr st/ v./n. 信任
55. lie /la / v. 说谎
56. truth /tru θ/ n. 真相
57. excuse / k skju s/ n. 借口
58. apologize / p l d a z/ v. 道歉
59. forgive /f ɡ v/ v. 原谅
60. promise / pr m s/ v./n. 承诺
61. tradition /tr d n/ n. 传统
主要短语
1. 规则与行为
1. play by the rules 遵守规则
2. break the rules 违反规则
3. follow the rules 遵守规则
4. keep the rules 保持规则
5. be against the rules 违反规定
6. punish sb. for... 因…惩罚某人
7. be honest with sb. 对某人诚实
8. cheat in the exam 考试作弊
9. show respect to sb. 尊重某人
10. be polite to others 对他人有礼貌
2. 责任与义务
11. be responsible for... 对…负责
12. do one's duty 履行职责
13. It's one's duty to... 做…是某人的责任
14. warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事
15. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
16. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
17. discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝阻某人做某事
18. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
19. be forbidden to do sth. 被禁止做某事
20. have the right to... 有权利…
3. 比赛与竞争
21. compete with/against sb. 与某人竞争
22. take part in a competition 参加比赛
23. win/lose the game 赢/输掉比赛
24. score a goal/point 得分
25. play fair 公平竞争
26. be a good loser 输得起
27. be a bad winner 赢了却傲慢
28. work as a team 团队合作
29. follow the referee's decision 服从裁判决定
30. accept defeat 接受失败
4. 社会规范
31. obey the law 遵守法律
32. queue up 排队
33. keep silent 保持安静
34. make noise 制造噪音
35. wait for one's turn 等待轮到某人
36. pay attention to... 注意…
37. take risks 冒险
38. apologize to sb. for... 因…向某人道歉
39. forgive sb. for... 原谅某人的…
40. keep a promise 信守承诺
重点句子句型
1. We must/can't...(我们必须/不能...)
- We must follow the school rules.(我们必须遵守校规。)
- You can't eat in class.(你不能在课堂上吃东西。)
2. It's + adj. + to do...(做...是...的)
- It's important to be honest.(诚实很重要。)
3. Sb. is allowed/forbidden to do...(某人被允许/禁止做...)
- Students are allowed to borrow books here.(学生允许在此借书。)
- Smoking is forbidden in the library.(图书馆禁止吸烟。)
4. No + 动名词(禁止...)
- No shouting in the hallway.(走廊禁止喧哗。)
5. It's one's duty to...(...是某人的责任)
- It's our duty to protect the environment.(保护环境是我们的责任。)
6. Sb. should (not) do...(某人应该(不)做...)
- You should apologize for your mistake.(你应该为错误道歉。)
7. Sb. is responsible for...(某人负责...)
- The team leader is responsible for the project.(队长负责这个项目。)
8. You'd better (not) do...(你最好(不)做...)
- You'd better not be late again.(你最好别再迟到。)
9. Why don't you... (你为什么不...?)
- Why don't you ask the teacher for help (为什么不向老师求助?)
10. How/What about doing... (...怎么样?)
- How about joining the competition (参加比赛怎么样?)
11. Let's do...(让我们...)
- Let's play fair in the game.(让我们公平比赛。)
12. Don't forget to...(别忘了...)
- Don't forget to return the book.(别忘了还书。)
13. Warn sb. (not) to do...(警告某人(不)要做...)
- The sign warns us not to swim here.(标志警告我们不要在此游泳。)
14. Sb. wins/loses the game.(某人赢了/输了比赛)
- Our class won the basketball game.(我们班赢了篮球赛。)
15. Sb. scores a goal/point.(某人得分)
- He scored two goals in the match.(他在比赛中进了两球。)
16. Sb. is a good loser/winner.(某人是个输得起/赢得体面的人)
- A good loser never complains.(输得起的人从不抱怨。)
17. It's unfair to...(...是不公平的)
- It's unfair to blame him.(责怪他是不公平的。)
18. Sb. feels + adj.(某人感到...)
- She felt embarrassed after falling down.(摔倒后她感到尴尬。)
19. Sb. is proud of...(某人为...感到骄傲)
- We are proud of our team.(我们为团队骄傲。)
20. It's a shame to...(...是可耻的)
- It's a shame to waste food.(浪费食物是可耻的。)
21. Sb. can't stand doing...(某人无法忍受...)
- I can't stand cheating.(我无法忍受作弊。)
22. If you..., you'll...(如果你...,你就会...)
- If you break the rules, you'll be punished.(违反规则会被惩罚。)
23. Unless you..., you can't...(除非你...,否则你不能...)
- Unless you train hard, you can't win.(除非刻苦训练,否则无法获胜。)
24. As long as you..., ...(只要你...,...)
- As long as you try your best, it's OK.(只要你尽力就好。)
25. Would you mind (not) doing... (你介意(不)...吗?)
- Would you mind not smoking here (请不要在此吸烟。)
26. Could you please do... (请你...好吗?)
- Could you please pass me the ball (请把球传给我好吗?)
27. I think/believe (that)...(我认为/相信...)
- I believe honesty is the best policy.(我相信诚实至上。)
28. In my opinion,...(在我看来...)
- In my opinion, rules are necessary.(我认为规则是必要的。)
29. That's why...(这就是为什么...)
- That's why we need teamwork.(这就是我们需要团队合作的原因。)
30. It takes courage to...(...需要勇气)
- It takes courage to admit mistakes.(承认错误需要勇气。)
31. There's no excuse for...(...没有借口)
- There's no excuse for breaking the rules.(违反规则没有借口。)
32. Sb. is supposed to...(某人应该...)
- Students are supposed to wear uniforms.(学生应该穿校服。)
33. What if... (如果...会怎样?)
- What if everyone ignores the rules (如果大家都不守规则会怎样?)
34. Sb. would rather...than...(某人宁愿...也不...)
- He would rather lose than cheat.(他宁愿输也不作弊。)
35. Not only...but also...(不仅...而且...)
- Not only players but also coaches must follow rules.(不仅运动员,教练也要守则。)
36. Whether...or not...(无论...与否...)
- Whether you win or not, play fairly.(无论输赢,都要公平比赛。)
37. Sb. has no choice but to...(某人别无选择只能...)
- We have no choice but to obey the law.(我们只能遵守法律。)
38. It's against the rules to...(...是违反规则的)
- It's against the rules to use phones in class.(课堂上用手机是违规的。)
39. Only by...can sb...(只有通过...才能...)
- Only by cooperating can we succeed.(只有合作才能成功。)
40. Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧)
- Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧。)
语法点
动词不定式作目的状语(To do...)
动词不定式(to do) 在英语中常用来表示动作的目的,即“为了做某事”。它在句子中作目的状语,通常放在句首或句尾,用来说明主句动作发生的目的或意图。
1. 基本结构
主语 + 谓语 + (宾语) + to do...(为了...)
To do..., 主语 + 谓语 + (宾语)...(为了..., ...)
例句:
She studies hard to pass the exam.(她努力学习是为了通过考试。)
→ "to pass the exam" 表示 "studies hard" 的目的。
To stay healthy, he exercises every day.(为了保持健康,他每天锻炼。)
→ "To stay healthy" 放在句首,强调目的。
2. 常见搭配
动词不定式作目的状语常用于以下情况:
(1) 表示“为了做某事”
I went to the library to borrow some books.(我去图书馆是为了借书。)
He saved money to buy a new bike.(他存钱是为了买一辆新自行车。)
(2) 表示“以便/以免”
She spoke loudly to make everyone hear her.(她大声说话以便让大家听见。)
He locked the door to prevent thieves from entering.(他锁上门以免小偷进入。)
(3) 用于祈使句,表示“请做...以便...”
Be quiet to let others concentrate.(请安静,以便别人能集中注意力。)
Follow the rules to avoid trouble.(遵守规则以避免麻烦。)
3. 与 in order to / so as to 的区别
in order to 和 so as to 也可以表示目的,但更正式,且可以放在句首或句中。
表达方式 位置 例句
to do 句首/句尾 To improve English, she reads every day.
in order to 句首/句中 In order to improve English, she reads every day.
so as to 句中(不用于句首) She reads every day so as to improve English.
例句对比:
He works hard to earn more money.(一般)
He works hard in order to earn more money.(更正式)
He works hard so as to earn more money.(正式,但不用于句首)
注意:
so as to 不能放在句首( So as to earn money, he works hard. )
in order to 可以放在句首或句中。
4. 否定形式
not to do / in order not to / so as not to(表示“以免、避免”)
He left early not to miss the train.(他早早离开以免错过火车。)
She spoke softly in order not to wake the baby.(她轻声说话以免吵醒婴儿。)
He walked quietly so as not to be heard.(他轻手轻脚以免被听见。)
5. 与 for + 名词/代词的区别
for + 名词/代词 也可以表示目的,但后面不能接动词原形。
I use this app for learning English.( 正确)
I use this app to learn English.( 正确)
I use this app for learn English.( 错误)
6. 练习
将下列句子改为不定式作目的状语:
She went to the store. She wanted to buy some milk.
→ She went to the store to buy some milk.
He turned off the lights. He didn’t want to waste electricity.
→ He turned off the lights so as not to waste electricity.
They study hard. They want to get good grades.
→ They study hard in order to get good grades.
7. 总结
用法 结构 例句
基本不定式 to do He runs every day to stay fit.
正式表达 in order to / so as to She practices daily in order to improve.
否定形式 not to do / in order not to / so as not to He spoke softly so as not to wake the baby.
祈使句 (Do...) to... Listen carefully to understand the rules.

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