Unit 6 When disaster strikes!知识点总结(完整版)2024新外研版八年级上册

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Unit 6 When disaster strikes!知识点总结(完整版)2024新外研版八年级上册

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2024新外研版八年级英语上
Unit 6 When disaster strikes!
知识点总结
(2022新课标)
重点单词
自然灾害类
1. disaster [d zɑ st (r)] n. 灾难
2. earthquake [ θkwe k] n. 地震
3. flood [fl d] n./v. 洪水;淹没
4. drought [dra t] n. 干旱
5. typhoon [ta fu n] n. 台风
6. hurricane [ h r k n] n. 飓风
7. tornado [t ne d ] n. 龙卷风
8. landslide [ l ndsla d] n. 山体滑坡
9. tsunami [tsu nɑ mi] n. 海啸
10. wildfire [ wa ldfa (r)] n. 野火
救援与安全
11. strike [stra k] v. (灾难) 袭击
12. warn [w n] v. 警告
13. warning [ w n ] n. 警告
14. survive [s va v] v. 幸存
15. survival [s va vl] n. 生存
16. victim [ v kt m] n. 受害者
17. rescue [ reskju ] v./n. 救援
18. shelter [ elt (r)] n. 避难所
19. safe [se f] adj. 安全的
20. safety [ se fti] n. 安全
21. danger [ de nd (r)] n. 危险
22. dangerous [ de nd r s] adj. 危险的
23. protect [pr tekt] v. 保护
24. protection [pr tek n] n. 保护
25. damage [ d m d ] n./v. 损害
26. destroy [d str ] v. 摧毁
27. injury [ nd ri] n. 受伤
28. injured [ nd d] adj. 受伤的
29. trap [tr p] v./n. 困住;陷阱
30. bury [ beri] v. 掩埋
描述性词汇
31. sudden [ s dn] adj. 突然的
32. suddenly [ s dnli] adv. 突然地
33. natural [ n t r l] adj. 自然的
34. powerful [ pa fl] adj. 强大的
35. terrible [ ter bl] adj. 可怕的
36. serious [ s ri s] adj. 严重的
37. calm [kɑ m] adj./v. 冷静的;使平静
38. brave [bre v] adj. 勇敢的
39. frightened [ fra tnd] adj. 害怕的
40. shocked [ kt] adj. 震惊的
动作与反应
41. happen [ h p n] v. 发生
42. hit [h t] v. 袭击
43. fall down [f l da n] 倒塌
44. scream [skri m] v./n. 尖叫
45. cry [kra ] v./n. 哭喊
46. run away [r n we ] 逃跑
47. hide [ha d] v. 躲藏
48. help out [help a t] 帮助摆脱困境
49. call for help [k l f help] 呼救
50. break out [bre k a t] (灾难) 爆发
其他关键词汇
51. prepare [pr pe (r)] v. 准备
52. preparation [ prep re n] n. 准备
53. supply [s pla ] n./v. 供应品;提供
54. food [fu d] n. 食物
55. water [ w t (r)] n. 水
56. medicine [ medsn] n. 药物
57. first aid [f st e d] 急救
58. electricity [ lek tr s ti] n. 电力
munication [k mju n ke n] n. 通讯
60. government [ ɡ v nm nt] n. 政府
61. report [r p t] v./n. 报告
62. news [nju z] n. 新闻
63. rebuild [ ri b ld] v. 重建
主要短语
1. 自然灾害相关
1. strike suddenly 突然袭击
2. hit the area 袭击该地区
3. cause damage 造成破坏
4. break out (灾难)爆发
5. cut off electricity 切断电力
6. destroy buildings 摧毁建筑物
7. fall down 倒塌
8. wash away 冲走(洪水)
9. blow away 吹走(强风)
10. burn down 烧毁(火灾)
2. 救援与应急措施
11. call for help 呼救
12. ask for rescue 请求救援
13. give a warning 发出警告
14. stay calm 保持冷静
15. keep safe 保持安全
16. run away 逃跑
17. hide under… 躲在……下面
18. protect oneself 保护自己
19. help out 帮助摆脱困境
20. save lives 拯救生命
21. provide shelter 提供避难所
22. send supplies 运送物资
23. offer first aid 提供急救
24. check for injuries 检查伤势
25. stay together 待在一起
3. 灾后应对
26. lose one’s home 失去家园
27. be trapped in… 被困在……
28. be buried under… 被埋在……下面
29. be injured badly 严重受伤
30. be in danger 处于危险中
31. be safe and sound 安然无恙
32. survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存
33. rebuild the city 重建城市
34. recover from… 从……中恢复
35. raise money 筹集资金
4. 其他常用短语
36. in a hurry 匆忙地
37. in shock 震惊地
38. in fear 害怕地
39. on the news 在新闻上
40. at the moment 此刻
41. as soon as possible 尽快
42. prepare for… 为……做准备
43. make a plan 制定计划
44. stay informed 保持消息灵通
45. stay strong 保持坚强
重点句子句型
句型
1. 【过去进行时】描述灾难发生时正在进行的动作
The children were having class when the earthquake started.
地震发生时孩子们正在上课。
2. 【when引导时间状语从句】
When the flood came, many people were sleeping.
洪水来临时,许多人正在睡觉。
3. 【被动语态】描述受灾情况
Hundreds of houses were destroyed by the typhoon.
数百栋房屋被台风摧毁。
4. 【情态动词must表必须】
We must stay calm in emergencies.
紧急情况下我们必须保持冷静。
5. 【情态动词should表建议】
You should prepare an emergency kit.
你应该准备一个应急包。
6. 【祈使句】紧急指示
Don't use the elevator during a fire!
火灾时不要使用电梯!
7. 【There be句型】描述灾情
There was a serious power cut after the storm.
暴风雨后出现了严重的停电。
8. 【现在完成时】灾后影响
The earthquake has caused great damage.
地震已经造成了巨大破坏。
9. 【if条件句】假设情况
If you're outdoors, move to an open area.
如果你在户外,转移到空旷地带。
10. 【现在进行时表将来】预警
The hurricane is approaching the coast.
飓风正在逼近海岸。
11. 【比较级】灾情对比
This flood is worse than last year's.
这次洪水比去年的更严重。
12. 【enough to结构】
The warning came early enough to save lives.
预警来得足够早,挽救了生命。
13. 【so...that...结果状语】
The wind was so strong that trees were uprooted.
风如此之大以至于树木被连根拔起。
14. 【be about to即将发生】
The volcano is about to erupt.
火山即将喷发。
15. 【have to表必要性】
We have to evacuate immediately.
我们必须立即撤离。
16. 【It takes...to...】
It took three days to rescue all the survivors.
营救所有幸存者花了三天时间。
17. 【not...until...】
The fire wasn't put out until midnight.
大火直到午夜才被扑灭。
18. 【as soon as一...就...】
Call for help as soon as possible.
尽快呼救。
19. 【be able to能力】
Many people weren't able to escape.
许多人没能逃出来。
20. 【keep+adj.保持状态】
Keep calm and follow instructions.
保持冷静,听从指示。
21. 【make it+adj.】
The rain made it difficult to rescue.
大雨使得救援很困难。
22. 【see/hear sb doing】
People saw buildings collapsing.
人们看到建筑物在倒塌。
23. 【had better最好】
You'd better stay indoors during the storm.
暴风雨期间你最好待在室内。
24. 【be used to适应】
We're not used to such disasters.
我们不习惯这样的灾难。
25. 【too...to...太...而不能...】
The road was too damaged to use.
道路损毁严重无法使用。
26. 【prefer to宁愿】
They preferred to stay in the shelter.
他们宁愿待在避难所里。
27. 【not only...but also...】
The disaster affected not only homes but also hospitals.
灾难不仅影响了住宅,还影响了医院。
28. 【either...or...选择】
We can either wait or try to escape.
我们可以等待或尝试逃跑。
29. 【neither...nor...否定】
Neither electricity nor water was available.
既没有电也没有水。
30. 【although让步】
Although it was dangerous, they kept working.
虽然很危险,但他们继续工作。
句子:
1. 描述灾难发生(Disaster Occurrence)
1. A terrible earthquake struck the city. (一场可怕的地震袭击了城市。)
2. The flood hit the village without warning. (洪水毫无预警地袭击了村庄。)
3. The typhoon is coming soon. (台风即将来临。)
4. The fire broke out in the forest. (森林里爆发了火灾。)
5. The landslide buried several houses. (山体滑坡掩埋了几栋房屋。)
2. 灾难影响(Effects of Disasters)
6. Many buildings fell down. (许多建筑物倒塌了。)
7. The roads were washed away by the flood. (道路被洪水冲走了。)
8. Thousands of people lost their homes. (成千上万的人失去了家园。)
9. Electricity and water supplies were cut off. (电力和供水被切断了。)
10. The disaster caused serious damage. (灾难造成了严重的破坏。)
3. 求救与救援(Asking for Help & Rescue)
11. People screamed for help. (人们尖叫着求救。)
12. We must call for help immediately! (我们必须立即呼救!)
13. The rescue team arrived quickly. (救援队迅速赶到。)
14. They are searching for survivors. (他们正在搜寻幸存者。)
15. Doctors provided first aid to the injured. (医生为伤者提供了急救。)
4. 自我保护(Self-Protection)
16. Stay calm and don’t panic! (保持冷静,不要惊慌!)
17. Hide under a strong table. (躲在结实的桌子下面。)
18. Run to an open area if possible. (如果可能的话,跑到空旷的地方。)
19. Cover your head with your hands. (用手护住头部。)
20. Keep away from broken glass. (远离碎玻璃。)
5. 灾后恢复(Recovery After Disaster)
21. The government is helping rebuild the city. (政府正在帮助重建城市。)
22. People are trying to recover from the disaster. (人们正努力从灾难中恢复。)
23. Volunteers are sending food and water. (志愿者正在运送食物和水。)
24. Schools and hospitals are being repaired. (学校和医院正在修复。)
25. We must prepare for future disasters. (我们必须为未来的灾难做好准备。)
6. 表达感受(Expressing Feelings)
26. I was so frightened! (我吓坏了!)
27. Everyone was shocked by the disaster. (所有人都被灾难震惊了。)
28. It was a terrible experience. (那是一次可怕的经历。)
29. We are lucky to be safe. (我们很幸运能安全。)
30. I hope this never happens again. (我希望这再也不会发生。)
7. 建议与提醒(Advice & Warnings)
31. You should listen to weather warnings. (你应该关注天气预警。)
32. Make sure you know the escape routes. (确保你知道逃生路线。)
33. Always keep an emergency kit ready. (随时准备好应急包。)
34. Don’t go outside during a typhoon. (台风期间不要外出。)
35. Follow the instructions of rescuers. (听从救援人员的指示。)
8. 新闻报道(News Reports)
36. According to the news, the earthquake was 6.5 magnitude. (据报道,地震为6.5级。)
37. The storm is moving towards the coast. (风暴正朝海岸移动。)
38. Many people are still missing. (许多人仍然失踪。)
39. The government has declared a state of emergency. (政府已宣布进入紧急状态。)
40. Scientists are studying ways to predict disasters. (科学家正在研究预测灾难的方法。)
9. 条件句(If 句型)
41. If a disaster happens, stay calm. (如果灾难发生,保持冷静。)
42. If you are trapped, shout for help. (如果你被困,大声呼救。)
43. If there’s a fire, use the stairs, not the lift. (如果发生火灾,走楼梯,不要乘电梯。)
语法点
本单元语法主要是过去进行时。
过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense)用于表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。它强调动作的持续性和未完成性,常与表示过去具体时间的状语连用。
1. 结构
过去进行时的基本结构为:
was/were + 动词-ing(现在分词)
肯定句:
主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他
否定句:
主语 + was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't) + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问句:
Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
特殊疑问句:
疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
例句
句型 例句 翻译
肯定句 She was reading a book at 8 p.m. last night. 昨晚8点她正在读书。
否定句 They weren't playing football when it rained. 下雨时他们没在踢足球。
一般疑问句 Were you sleeping when I called 我打电话时你在睡觉吗?
特殊疑问句 What were you doing at 10 a.m. yesterday 昨天上午10点你在做什么?
2. 用法
(1) 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
常与以下时间状语连用:
- at 8 o'clock yesterday(昨天8点)
- at this time last week(上周的这个时候)
- when/while(当……时)
例句:
- I was watching TV when the phone rang.
(电话响时我正在看电视。)
- At 9 p.m. last night, they were having dinner.
(昨晚9点,他们正在吃晚饭。)
(2) 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作
- all morning/afternoon(整个上午/下午)
- from 7 to 9 yesterday(昨天7点到9点)
例句:
- He was studying all night.
(他整个晚上都在学习。)
- They were working from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m.
(他们从下午2点到5点一直在工作。)
(3) 表示两个动作同时进行(while)
While + 过去进行时,表示两个动作在过去同时发生。
例句:
- While I was cooking, my brother was watching TV.
(我在做饭时,我弟弟在看电视。)
- While she was sleeping, her phone was ringing.
(她睡觉时,手机一直在响。)
(4) 表示背景描述(常用于故事叙述)
过去进行时可以用来描述故事的背景,然后突然发生另一件事(一般用过去简单时)。
例句:
- The sun was shining, and the birds were singing. Suddenly, a loud noise came from the sky.
(阳光明媚,鸟儿在歌唱。突然,天空传来一声巨响。)
3. 常见时间状语
时间状语 例句
at 8 p.m. yesterday She was studying at 8 p.m. yesterday.
this time last week We were traveling this time last week.
when/while He was sleeping when I arrived.
all morning/night They were working all morning.
4. 过去进行时 vs. 一般过去时
时态 用法 例句
过去进行时 强调动作的持续性(正在做某事) I was reading when he called.
一般过去时 强调动作的完成性(已经做完) I read a book yesterday.
对比:
- She was cooking when I arrived. (我到的时候她正在做饭。)
- She cooked dinner before I arrived. (我到之前她已经做完饭了。)
5. 常见错误与纠正
错误 正确 说明
I was watch TV. I was watching TV. 过去进行时要用be + V-ing
They were play football. They were playing football. 动词要加-ing
Was you sleeping Were you sleeping you 要用 were
6. 练习
(1) 用过去进行时填空
1. At 7 p.m. yesterday, I __________ (eat) dinner.
2. They __________ (not study) when the teacher came in.
3. What __________ (you/do) when the phone rang
答案:
1. was eating
2. weren't studying
3. were you doing
(2) 翻译
1. 昨天这个时候,他正在踢足球。
2. 我在做饭时,妹妹在做作业。
答案:
1. He was playing football this time yesterday.
2. While I was cooking, my sister was doing her homework.
7. 总结
- 结构:was/were + V-ing
- 用法:
- 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
- 过去某段时间持续的动作
- 两个动作同时进行(while)
- 故事背景描述
- 时间状语:at 8 p.m. yesterday, while, when, all morning
- 易错点:be动词(was/were)不能漏,动词要加-ing

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