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选择性必修一UNIT1RELATIONSHIPS过去完成时
语法精讲
过去完成时在强调某个动作发生在过去的某个时间或某个动作之前时，我们要使用过去完成时。这也就是我们常说的表示“过去的过去”所完成的动作。
一、过去完成时的结构
1.过去完成时的肯定句：
主语+had+过去分词+其他
2.过去完成时的否定句：
主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.
3.过去完成时的疑问句：
一般疑问句句型：Had+主语+过去分词+其他？
回答方式：Yes,主语+had.
No，主语+had+not.
二、过去完成时的用法
1.表示较早的过去
表示较早的过去，即某一时刻之前已完成的动作或状态。
After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly.
我们降落后，飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。
2.用于间接引语
过去完成时的作用有时完全相当于现在完成时的过去形式，在间接引语中多有这种情况。
He said he had been there before.
他说他以前去过那里。
3.用于宾语从句
过去完成时表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去动作的用法，多见于宾语从句。一般来说，主句中用了know（知道），realise（意识到)，think（认为）,suppose（猜想），guess（推测),find（找到），discover（发现），decide（决定），remember(记起）,forget（忘记）等动词的一般过去时，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用过去完成时。
We realized we had lost our wallet
我们意识到我们的钱包丢了。
4.强调过去动作的完成
By six o'clock they had worked for 8 hours.
到6点钟他们已经工作了8小时。(可能还没结束）
5.用于虚拟语气
（1）过去完成时的这一用法，常见于以only ,would that 等引导的感叹句。
If only we had listened to their advice!
我们要是听了他们的意见就好了！
（2）过去完成时的这一用法还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和I wish.(我希望……)，I'd rather... (我宁愿……) 后的that从句。
I'd rather you hadn't been present.
我宁愿你当时不在场。
6.表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，只适用于下列动词：expect(期待），hope（希望），intend（打算），mean（打算）,suppose（料想），think（认为），want（想要）等。
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.
我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。
7.与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以是already（已经），yet（仍然），still（还），just（刚刚），hardly...when(刚…………就)，scarcely ... before（刚……就），ever（曾经），never（从来没有）等，也可以是by（不迟于），before（在……之前），until（直到），as soon as（一…就)等引导的词组或从句。
By Tuesday he hadn't done it,
到星期二他还没有做完。
三、观察领悟
【例句观察)
1. Jane had just left when you rang.
2. Had they returned home when you arrived
3.We realized we had lost our way.
4. After he had finished his work, he helped his mother with some housework.
5. If you had listened carefully in class yesterday, you would have done your exercise well.
【我的领悟】
1.句1中画线部分用的是________时态，这种时态的基本结构是__________
2.句2中的结构是一个一般疑问句，过去完成时的疑问结构是____________
3.在句3中，主句谓语的时态是____________时态，从句部分的时态是________时态。与主句的动作相比较，____________发生在前。
4.在句4中，从句的谓语动词使用__________时态,因为它发生在_______的前面。
5.在句5中，从句的谓语动词使用________时态，表示与过去情况相反的假设，是_________语气。
答案：1.过去完成时；had+过去分词
2.had+主语+过去分词
3.一般过去时；过去完成时；从句的动作
4.过去完成时；主句谓语动作 helped
5.过去完成时；虚拟
四、实践练习
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. John, a friend of mine, who got married last week, spent $3,000 more than he ______ (plan) for the wedding.
2. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _________ (give) to half a dozen other groups.
3. Father ________ (leave) for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn't see him.
4. She__________(change) her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
5. He ________ (hope) to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.
6. When the old man started to walk back to his house, the sun _______ (hide) itself behind the mountain already.
7. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _______ (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
8. —Oh, is that you, Bob
—Err … yes. Ah, you're Mary. Sorry I ________ (not recognize) you. We haven't seen each other for ten years, have we
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. I had sold the ticket when she came. （改为否定句）
_________________________________
2. She had sung a song to us before she danced. （改为否定句）
_________________________________
3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink. （改为否定句)
_________________________________
4. By 10:00 a. m., I had been very hungry. （改为一般疑问句）
_________________________________
5. Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived. （改为一般疑问句）
_________________________________
答案:
单句语法填空
1. had planned
2. had given
3. had left
4. had changed
5. had hoped
6. had hidden
7. began
8. didn't recognize
句型转换
①I hadn't sold the ticket when she came.
②She hadn't sung a song to us before she danced.
③They didn't begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.
④Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a. m.
⑤Had Lucy completed the project yet when you arrived

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