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【全新完整版】
新（2024）人教版七年级英语上册
第3单元【My school】
知识点总结
（2022新课标）
一、重点词汇
学校场所与设施
1. school /sku l/ n. 学校
2. classroom / kl sru m/ n. 教室
3. library / la br ri/ n. 图书馆
4. hall /h l/ n. 礼堂；大厅
5. playground / ple ɡra nd/ n. 操场
6. lab (laboratory) /l b/ n. 实验室
7. office / f s/ n. 办公室
8. gym (gymnasium) /d m/ n. 体育馆
9. canteen /k n ti n/ n. 食堂
10. toilet / t l t/ n. 厕所
教室物品与学习用具
11. desk /desk/ n. 课桌
12. chair /t e r/ n. 椅子
13. blackboard / bl kb rd/ n. 黑板
14. whiteboard / wa tb rd/ n. 白板
15. book /b k/ n. 书
16. notebook / n tb k/ n. 笔记本
17. pen /pen/ n. 钢笔
18. pencil / pensl/ n. 铅笔
19. eraser / re z r/ n. 橡皮（美式：eraser；英式：rubber）
20. ruler / ru l r/ n. 尺子
21. dictionary / d k nri/ n. 词典
22. bag /b ɡ/ n. 书包
puter /k m pju t r/ n. 电脑
学科名称
24. math (mathematics) /m θ/ n. 数学
25. English / ɡl / n. 英语
26. Chinese / t a ni z/ n. 语文；汉语
27. science / sa ns/ n. 科学
28. history / h stri/ n. 历史
29. geography /d i ɡr fi/ n. 地理
30. art /ɑ rt/ n. 美术
31. music / mju z k/ n. 音乐
32. PE (physical education) / pi i / n. 体育
学校人员
33. teacher / ti t r/ n. 老师
34. student / stju dnt/ n. 学生
35. classmate / kl sme t/ n. 同学
36. headteacher / hedti t r/ n. 校长
37. monitor / m n t r/ n. 班长
方位介词
38. in / n/ prep. 在…里面
39. on / n/ prep. 在…上面
40. under / nd r/ prep. 在…下面
41. next to / nekst tu / prep. 在…旁边
42. behind /b ha nd/ prep. 在…后面
43. in front of / n fr nt v/ prep. 在…前面
44. between /b twi n/ prep. 在…之间
动词 & 形容词
45. study / st di/ v. 学习
46. teach /ti t / v. 教
47. read /ri d/ v. 读
48. write /ra t/ v. 写
49. listen / l sn/ v. 听
50. speak /spi k/ v. 说
51. clean /kli n/ v. 打扫
52. big /b ɡ/ adj. 大的
53. small /sm l/ adj. 小的
54. new /nju / adj. 新的
55. old / ld/ adj. 旧的；老的
56. quiet / kwa t/ adj. 安静的
57. noisy / n zi/ adj. 吵闹的
其他常用词
58. time /ta m/ n. 时间
59. break /bre k/ n. 课间休息
60. lesson / lesn/ n. 课程
61. homework / h mw k/ n. 家庭作业
二、重点短语
学校场所与设施相关
1. in the classroom 在教室里
2. in the library 在图书馆
3. on the playground 在操场上
4. in the school hall 在学校礼堂
5. at the school gate 在学校门口
6. in the science lab 在科学实验室
7. in the teachers’ office 在教师办公室
8. in the computer room 在计算机室
9. in the music room 在音乐教室
10. in the art room 在美术教室
方位与位置关系
11. next to the blackboard 靠近黑板
12. under the desk 在课桌下面
13. on the wall 在墙上
14. behind the door 在门后面
15. in front of the school 在学校前面
16. between the chairs 在两把椅子之间
17. near the window 靠近窗户
18. on the floor 在地板上
19. in the middle of the classroom 在教室中央
20. at the back of the room 在房间后面
学习与课堂活动
21. have a class/lesson 上课
22. do homework 做作业
23. read a book 读书
24. write in the notebook 在笔记本上写字
25. listen to the teacher 听老师讲课
26. speak English 说英语
27. ask questions 提问
28. answer questions 回答问题
29. work in groups 小组合作
30. clean the classroom 打扫教室
学校日常与时间安排
31. go to school 去上学
32. after school 放学后
33. at break time 在课间休息时
34. have lunch in the canteen 在食堂吃午饭
35. play basketball in the gym 在体育馆打篮球
36. study hard 努力学习
37. take notes 记笔记
38. borrow books from the library 从图书馆借书
39. hand in homework 交作业
40. have a test/exam 参加考试
三、重点句型
学校场所描述（There be 句型）
1. There is a library in our school.
（我们学校有一个图书馆。）
2. There are two computer rooms on the third floor.
（三楼有两个计算机教室。）
3. Is there a gym in your school
—Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
4. Are there any art rooms
—Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
物品位置（方位介词）
5. The blackboard is at the front of the classroom.
（黑板在教室前方。）
6. My bag is under the desk.
（我的书包在课桌下面。）
7. Where is the teacher's office
—It's next to the library.
8. The books are on the shelf.
（书在架子上。）
学科与课程（Subject + have/has）
9. We have English every morning.
（我们每天早上有英语课。）
10. She has math on Monday and Thursday.
（她周一和周四有数学课。）
11. Do you have PE today
—Yes, we do. / No, we don't.
12. What subjects do you like
—I like music and art.
日常活动（动词短语）
13. We study science in the lab.
（我们在实验室学习科学。）
14. They play basketball after school.
（他们放学后打篮球。）
15. I often read books in the library.
（我经常在图书馆看书。）
16. She cleans the classroom every day.
（她每天打扫教室。）
能力与请求（Can/Could 句型）
17. Can you borrow a dictionary for me
—Of course. / Sorry, I can't.
18. Could you help me with my homework
—Sure, no problem.
19. I can speak a little English.
（我会说一点英语。）
时间表达（When/What time）
20. When do you have history
—We have it on Wednesday.
21. What time does the class start
—At 8:00 a.m.
22. Our school finishes at 4:30 p.m.
（我们学校下午4:30放学。）
喜好与评价（Like/Think）
23. I like my school because it's big and clean.
（我喜欢我的学校，因为它又大又干净。）
24. Do you like geography
—Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
25. What do you think of your new school
—It's great!
祈使句（指令与建议）
26. Please open your books to page 25.
（请把书翻到第25页。）
27. Don't be late for class!
（上课不要迟到！）
28. Let's go to the playground!
（我们去操场吧！）
特殊疑问句（Wh-questions）
29. Where do you have lunch
—In the school canteen.
30. How many classrooms are there
—There are 24.
31. Whose notebook is this
—It's mine. / It's Lily's.
现在进行时（课堂活动）
32. The students are listening to the teacher now.
（学生们正在听老师讲课。）
33. What are you doing
—I'm doing my homework.
其他实用表达
34. This is my favorite subject.
（这是我最喜欢的科目。）
35. Here is my school timetable.
（这是我的课程表。）
36. Welcome to our school!
（欢迎来到我们学校！）
37. See you after class!
（下课后见！）
38. Happy Teachers' Day!
（教师节快乐！）
39. Good luck with your test!
（祝你考试顺利！）
四、重点语法
本单元语法有There be 句型和关方位介词等。
一、There be 句型（存现句）
一）基本结构与功能
1. 核心定义
There be句型表示"某处存在某物/某人"，强调客观存在而非所属关系。
2. 基本公式
There + be动词 + 主语 + 地点/时间状语
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 There is/are... There is a book on the desk.
一般过去时 There was/were... There were many students here yesterday.
一般将来时 There will be... There will be a meeting tomorrow.
现在完成时 There has/have been... There have been many changes recently.
二）be动词的选择规则
1. 就近原则
be动词的单复数由最靠近的主语决定：
- There is a pen and two books on the table.
- There are two books and a pen on the table.
2. 不可数名词处理
不可数名词统一用is：
- There is some water in the bottle.
- There is much noise outside.
三）特殊句式结构
1. 否定形式
在be动词后加not（isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't）：
- There isn't any milk in the fridge.
- There weren't many people at the party.
2. 疑问句式
Be动词提前：
- Is there a bank near here
- Were there any problems yesterday
回答方式：
- Yes, there is/are.
- No, there isn't/aren't.
3. 含情态动词结构
There + 情态动词 + be：
- There must be some mistake.
- There might be life on Mars.
四）There be vs. Have 的区别
句型 功能 例句
There be 表示客观存在 There are three windows in the room.
Have 表示所属关系 The room has three windows.
典型错误：
- The room has many books on the shelf.
There are many books on the shelf.
五）高级用法扩展
1. There be + 非谓语动词
- There is no point (in) arguing. （争论没有意义）
- There are many things to do. （有许多事情要做）
2. There be 的变体形式
- There appears/seems to be... （似乎有...）
- There seems to be a problem.
- There exist/remain... （存在/仍然有...）
- There exist many unsolved mysteries.
3. 倒装强调结构
- On the wall there hangs a picture. （墙上挂着一幅画）
- In front of the house there stands a tree. （房前有棵树）
六）常见错误分析
1. be动词误用：
- There have a book on the desk.
There is a book on the desk.
2. 主谓不一致：
- There is many students in the lab.
There are many students in the lab.
3. 与have混淆：
- The park has many flowers.
There are many flowers in the park.
七）实战练习
1. 用there be句型改写句子
原句：A strange man is standing at the door.
改写：There is a strange man standing at the door.
2. 选择正确形式
1. There (is/are) some rice in the bowl.
→ is
2. There (was/were) a cat and two dogs in the yard.
→ was
3. 翻译练习
1. 明天会有一场考试。
→ There will be an exam tomorrow.
2. 这个地区曾经有过一家电影院。
→ There used to be a cinema in this area.
掌握There be句型的关键在于：
1. 牢记"就近原则"
2. 区分存在关系与所属关系
3. 注意不同时态的变化形式
二、方位介词
一）基础方位介词
1. 点状位置介词
介词 用法 图示 例句
at 精确的点位置 ● She's waiting at the bus stop.
on 表面接触 ━ The book is on the table.
in 内部空间 The keys are in the drawer.
2. 线状位置介词
介词 用法 图示 例句
across 横跨 ←→ There's a bridge across the river.
along 沿着 → We walked along the beach.
between 两者之间 A B Sit between Tom and Jerry.
3. 面状位置介词
介词 用法 图示 例句
over 正上方 △ The lamp hangs over the table.
under 正下方 ▽ The cat is under the chair.
above 斜上方 ▲ The moon is above the mountain.
below 斜下方 ▼ The valley is below the cliff.
二）复合方位短语
1. 静态位置短语
短语 含义 例句
in front of 在...外部前面 A car parked in front of the house.
behind 在...后面 The garden is behind the building.
next to 紧挨着 My office is next to the elevator.
near 在...附近 There's a hospital near our school.
inside 在...内部 Don't look inside the box.
outside 在...外部 It's cold outside the room.
2. 动态方向短语
短语 含义 例句
into 进入...内部 She walked into the classroom.
out of 从...出来 He ran out of the building.
onto 到...表面上 The cat jumped onto the roof.
off 从...表面离开 The glass fell off the table.
through 穿过...空间 We drove through the tunnel.
past 经过...旁边 Go past the bank and turn left.
三）易混淆介词对比
1. over vs. above
- over：正上方+覆盖/接触
- Put the blanket over the bed.
- above：斜上方+不接触
- The picture hangs above the sofa.
2. between vs. among
- between：两者之间
- Switzerland is between France and Italy.
- among：三者及以上之间
- She was standing among the crowd.
3. in the corner vs. at the corner
- in the corner：室内角落
- The chair is in the corner of the room.
- at the corner：街道拐角
- There's a cafe at the corner of the street.
四）特殊用法注意
1. 交通工具介词
- in：小空间交通工具
- in a car / in a taxi
- on：大空间交通工具
- on a bus / on a train
- 例外：
- on a bike / on a motorcycle
2. 身体部位接触
- on：接触身体部位
- He kissed her on the forehead.
- in：进入身体
- The needle went in his arm.
3. 地理方位表达
- in the east/west (大范围)
- Japan is in the east of Asia.
- to the east/west (不接壤)
- Korea is to the east of China.
- on the east/west (接壤)
- Canada is on the north of the USA.
五）常见错误纠正
1. My house is in the corner of the street.
My house is at the corner of the street.
2. She is standing between the three trees.
She is standing among the three trees.
3. We traveled on a car.
We traveled in a car.
六）实战练习
1. 填空练习
1. The bird flew ______ the lake. (over)
2. There's a label ______ the bottle. (on)
3. The children are playing ______ the park. (in)
2. 改错练习
1. The keys are at the drawer.
The keys are in the drawer.
2. Hang the picture above the fireplace.
Hang the picture over the fireplace.
3. She sat among John and Mary.
She sat between John and Mary.
掌握方位介词的关键在于：
1. 建立空间思维图像
2. 区分静态位置和动态方向
3. 记忆固定搭配和特殊用法

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