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人教版初中英语八年级上册
Unit 3 Section A（1a 1d）知识清单
一、重点单词讲解
1. compare：动词，意为“比较；对比”。
常见短语：
compare...with...把……和……作比较
compare...to...把……比作……
例句：
You should compare this book with that one to find the differences.
你应该把这本书和那本书作比较以找出不同之处。
Poets often compare life to a dream.
诗人们常把人生比作一场梦。
检测题：
My mother often ______ (compare) me with my classmates.
答案：compares，主语My mother是第三人称单数，一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式。
We can't ______ (compare) apples to oranges.
答案：compare，情态动词can后接动词原形。
2. shy：形容词，意为“害羞的；腼腆的” 。
常见短语：
be shy of doing sth. 对做某事感到害羞。
例句：She is a shy girl and she is shy of speaking in public.
她是个害羞的女孩，她对在公众场合发言感到害羞。
检测题：
The little girl is very ______ (shy). She always hides behind her mother.
答案：shy，is后接形容词作表语。
He was too ______ (shy) to talk to the new classmates.
答案：shy，too + 形容词 + to do sth.表示“太……而不能做某事”。
3. lazy：形容词，意为“懒惰的”，比较级是lazier ，最高级是laziest。
常见短语：be lazy about sth. 对某事偷懒 。
例句：Tom is lazy about his homework.
汤姆对他的家庭作业很偷懒。
检测题：
My brother is much ______ (lazy) than me.
答案：lazier，than是比较级的标志词。
Don't be ______ (lazy). You should work hard.
答案：lazy，be动词后接形容词。
4. loud：形容词，意为“大声的；喧闹的”，副词形式是loudly ，比较级是louder ，最高级是loudest。
常见短语：
speak loud 大声说
read aloud 大声朗读 。
例句：Please speak loud. I can't hear you clearly.
请大声说，我听不清你说的话。
The students are reading aloud in the classroom.
学生们正在教室里大声朗读。
检测题：
The music is too ______ (loud). Please turn it down.
答案：loud，is后接形容词作表语。
He shouted ______ (loud) to make himself heard.
答案：loudly，修饰动词shouted用副词。
5. outgoing：形容词，意为“爱交际的；外向的”，比较级是more outgoing，最高级是most outgoing。
例句：She is more outgoing than her sister.
她比她妹妹更外向。
检测题：
My friend is ______ (outgoing) than me. She has many friends.答案：more outgoing，than是比较级的标志词，outgoing是多音节词，比较级用more + 原级。
He becomes ______ (outgoing) after joining the club.
答案：more outgoing，根据语境，加入俱乐部后变得更外向了，用比较级。
6. hard-working：形容词，意为“工作努力的；辛勤的” 。
例句：All the students in our class are hard-working.
我们班所有的学生都很勤奋。
检测题：
The ______ (hard-working) students will get good grades.
答案：hard -working，修饰名词students用形容词。
She is a ______ (hard-working) girl and she always does well in her studies.
答案:hard-working，修饰名词girl用形容词。
7. perform：动词，意为“表演；执行”；名词形式performance ，意为“表演；演出” 。
常见短语：
perform a play 表演戏剧
perform an experiment 做实验 。
例句：The actors will perform a new play tonight.
演员们今晚将表演一部新剧。
We will perform an experiment in the science class tomorrow.
我们明天将在科学课上做一个实验。
检测题：
The singer will ______ (perform) on the stage tomorrow.
答案:perform，will后接动词原形。
His ______ (perform) in the concert was wonderful.
答案:performance，形容词性物主代词His后接名词。
8. alone：副词，意为“独自；单独”；也可作形容词，意为“单独的；独自的”，只作表语，不能作定语 。
例句：He likes to stay at home alone on weekends.
他周末喜欢独自待在家。
She is alone, but she doesn't feel lonely.
她独自一人，但她并不感到孤独。
检测题：
My grandfather lives ______ (alone). We often go to see him.
答案：alone，修饰动词lives用副词。
Although she is ______ (alone), she doesn't feel sad.
答案：alone，is后接形容词作表语。
9. solve：动词，意为“解决；解答” 。
常见短语：
solve a problem 解决问题 。
例句：Can you help me solve this math problem
你能帮我解决这道数学题吗？
检测题：
We need to find a way to ______ (solve) the problem.
答案：solve，to后接动词原形，构成动词不定式。
He finally ______ (solve) the difficult problem.
答案：solved，根据语境，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。
二、重点词组讲解
1. compare with：与……比较 。
例句：If you compare your composition with his, you will find yours needs improving.
如果你把你的作文和他的作比较，你会发现你的需要改进。
检测题：When you ______ (compare) this car with that one, you'll see which is better.
答案：compare，when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
2. be different from：与……不同 。
例句：My lifestyle is different from hers.
我的生活方式和她的不同。
检测题：His ideas ______ (be different from) mine.
答案：are different from，主语His ideas是复数，be动词用are。
3. talk about：谈论；讨论 。
例句：They are talking about their plans for the weekend.
他们正在谈论他们的周末计划。
检测题：What are you ______ (talk about)
答案：talking about，根据are可知用现在进行时，talk的现在分词是talking。
4. in common：共同；共有 。
例句：They have a lot in common.
他们有很多共同之处。
检测题：Although they are twins, they have little ______ (in common).
答案：in common，固定短语，“几乎没有共同之处”用have l little in common。
5. be afraid of：害怕…… 。
例句：She is afraid of snakes.
她害怕蛇。
检测题：I'm afraid of ______ (swim) in the river.
答案：swimming，be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事，swim的动名词形式是swimming。
6. solve the problem：解决问题 。
例句：We should try our best to solve the problem.
我们应该尽我们最大的努力解决这个问题。
检测题：Can you help me ______ (solve the problem)
答案：solve the problem，help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事。
7. take place：发生；举行 ，没有被动语态 。
例句：The sports meeting will take place next week.
运动会将于下周举行。
检测题：Great changes ______ (take place) here in the past few years.
答案：have taken place，in the past few years是现在完成时的标志，take place的现在完成时是have/has taken place，主语是changes，用have。
三、比较级知识讲解
（一）比较级的构成
1. 一般单音节词和少数以 er，ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加 er 。
例如：tall taller；short shorter；clever cleverer；narrow narrower 。
2. 以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原级后加 r 。
例如：large larger；nice nicer；able abler 。
3. 在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加 er 。
例如：big bigger；hot hotter；fat fatter 。
4. 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加 er 。
例如：easy easier；heavy heavier；busy busier；happy happier 。
5. 其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more 。
例如：beautiful more beautiful；different more different；easily more easily 。
6. 有少数形容词、副词的比较级是不规则的，需特殊记忆 。
例如：good/well better；bad/badly worse；many/much more；little less；far further/farther 。
（二）比较级的用法
1. “A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……” 。
例如：This book is more interesting than that one.
这本书比那本书更有趣。
2. “比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……” 。
例如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和。
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的国家变得越来越美丽。
3. 在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式 。
例如：Which is bigger, the apple or the orange
哪个更大，苹果还是橙子？
4. “the +比较级……, the +比较级”，表示“越……越……” 。
例如：The more you read, the more you know.
你读得越多，知道的就越多。
（三）比较级句子转换
1. 含比较级的句子转化成一般疑问句，把be动词或助动词提到句首 。
例如：He is taller than me. 变为一般疑问句：Is he taller than you
2. 含比较级的句子转化成选择疑问句，结构为：一般疑问句 + or + 另一选择对象 。
例如：She is more outgoing than her sister. 变为选择疑问句：Is she more outgoing than her sister or her brother
3. 对含比较级的一般疑问句进行肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + be动词/助动词.”，否定回答用“No, 主语 + be动词/助动词 + not.” 。
例如：Is he taller than you 肯定回答：Yes, he is. 否定回答：No, he isn't.

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