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专题七 状语从句
句子成分？
主干成分：
修饰成分：
主语、谓语、宾语、表语
同位语、定语、状语、补语
状语的定义
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子
Unluckily, I got up very late today.
He writes carefully.
He walks slowly.
He is extremely happy.
He runs very slowly.
Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.
练习：判断下列句子中的副词
状语的分类？
状语
时
地
原
目
结
程
条
方
伴
比
让
时间
地点
原因
目的
结果
程度
条件
方式
让步
比较
伴随
何为状语从句？
状语
时
地
原
目
结
程
条
方
伴
比
让
从句充当状语
用一个从句（引导词+句子）去修饰动词。
I was doing my homework when my mom came back.
主句的动词
状语从句
I was doing my homework when my mom came back.
完整的句子
完整的句子
联系
逻辑
并列句（4）
状语从句（9）
and、but、or、so
when、where、because、if、so that(目的)、so....that(结果)、although、than、as
I have finished my homework so my mother allowed me to play outside.
状语从句常见从属连词
类型 常见从属连词
时间状语从句 when(当)， while(在……期间)，as (随着，一边……一边……)， before在..之前， after在..之后， since自从，until / till直到..为止，not...until直到..才，as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，no sooner....than，the minute/moment/instant，hardly/scarely/barely...when 一...就every/each time每次, next/last time下次，上次, the first time第一次, by the time到...时候，the day/year/morning这一天/年/早上...
原因状语从句 because(因为)， as(由于)， since(既然)，now that既然，由于，in that因为，given/considering that鉴于,考虑到
状语从句常见从属连词
条件状语从句 if 如果， unless除非，once一旦，as/so long as只要，provided只要，only if只要，
on condition that条件是，in case万一
目的状语从句 so that， in order that为了，in case以防，for fear that以防，lest以免
结果状语从句 so that(这样，结果)，so/such...that如此...以至于
地点状语从句 where(在……地方)，在哪里，anywhere在任何地方，everywhere到处....
状语从句常见从属连词
比较状语从句 (as...)as和...一样，(not as/so...)as不如，比较级+ than比
方式状语从句 as(按照，像……那样)，as if或as though(好像)
让步状语从句 （疑问词 + ever 可引导让步状语从句，还可引导名词性从句） although（不倒装）， though（倒不倒都可以）， as（需要倒装），while(虽然，句首)，
whenever(=no matter when无论何时)，
wherever (=no matter where无论哪里)，
whatever (=no matter what无论什么) ，
however (=no matter how无论如何) ，
whether...or...(无论……还是……)
even if/though(即使)
连接词：时间状语从句
till, until, not...until
做
不做
不做
做
She lived with her parents she was 18.
She didn’t live with her parents she was 18.
till/ until
until
she was 18 with her parents.(倒装形式)
（till/until）
(not...until)
她和父母一起生活到十八岁。
她直到十八岁才和父母生活在一起
Not until
did she live
“直到......为止”
强调的是动作或状态的持续，直到某个时间点结束
强调的是动作会在某个时间点开始
“直到......才”
注意：当Not until置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装
as soon as引导的时间状语从句
◆译为“一…就…”，表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。
翻译：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。
I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.
◆相当于as soon as 用法的词或短语还有：
immediately,directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等.
I’ll give him your message the minute he arrives.
Directly I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.
名词短语连接的时间状语从句
2. each time(每当); every time (每次)等名词性短语（time还可与first, second, third, last等序数词连用）；
The minute you do this, you will lose control.
Next time you come, please bring your composition.
I lost in memory the day you went away.
1. the + 表示瞬间的名词，如: the moment, the instant, the minute, the second等；
3. the morning (afternoon, evening, night, day, month, year, spring, summer, autumn, winter)等表示早晚年月季节的名词短语。
真题鉴赏
he finished his description, I knew it would be years
everything got right.
A. At the moment; since
B. At the moment; before
C. The moment; since
D. The moment; before
注意：这些名词短语连接时间状语从句时前面不加介词。
= .
no sooner… than…; hardly/ scarcely/ barely…when… 一......就......
当no sooner, hardly/ scarcely/ barely等表示否定的结构位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
引导时间状语从句,从句用 ，主句用 。
我刚讲话，他就挂断了电话。
I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.
No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off
时间状语从句中的倒装结构
Not until she was 18 did she live with her parents.
一般过去时
过去完成时
正常语序）
连接词：让步状语从句
1. although，though，
2. even if ， even though
3. 特殊疑问词+ever/ no matter + 特殊疑问词
虽然，尽管
即便，即使
不论
4. while
虽然（句首）
5. as
不能和but连用
连接词：让步状语从句
3. 特殊疑问词+ever/ no matter + 特殊疑问词
不论
Whatever you want，I will give it to you.
No matter what you want, I will give it to you.
我会给你（你想要的任何东西）。
I will give you you want.
whatever
名词性从句不能用no matter+特殊疑问词引导
状语从句可以用 no matter + 特殊疑问词 替换 特殊疑问词 + ever
4. while 除引导让步状语从句外，还有其他用法
while
①时间状语从句：
②让步状语从句：
③并列句表转折：
Three buses went by in the opposite direction while I was at the bus stop.
当...时候（句首，句中）
While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.
虽然（句首）
Tom is very good at science, while his brother is absolutely hopeless.
然而（句中）
5. as引导让步状语从句
as 引导的让步状语从句，必须将从句中的 或 、
提前至从句句首，后面接as。作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需 。
表语
状语
省略
Though he works hard, he makes little progress.
Hard as he works, he makes little progress.
Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
Though you may object, I’ll go.
Object as you may, I’ll go.
练习：把下列 though 引导的让步状语从句改写成 as 引导的让步状语从句
1. _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
2. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, ______ the expenses have risen.
A. as long as B. even though C. now that D. as though
3. I really want the match, however much ________.
A. does it cost B. costs it
C. will it cost D. it costs
Exercise 2
4. ______ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A. For now B. Now that C. Unless D. until
5. ______, the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him.
A. Wanting the job very much
B. Although wanting the job badly
C. Though he wanted the job very much
D. He wanted the job badly
连接词: 原因状语从句
常见：because, as, since, for
because —直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why的问题一定用because。
I didn’t get it because it cost too much.
since – 通常放句首．译为“既然”
We thought that, since we were here, we’d stop by and see them.
as – 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。
As you were out, I left a message.
for – 放句中，引导后半句表附带说明的原因, 或补充推断的理由。
We listened eagerly, for he brought news of her families.
连接词: 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词:
in order that …
“为了”； 用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。
so that
a. 较常用，一般于主句后,so 有时可省;表示“以便...”
从句中通常要有情态动词, 以表示一种可能性或主观愿望：
b. 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。
for fear that / in case / lest (以免)等。
e.g. We all get up early in order that we can start at seven.
e.g. I studied Italian so that I would be able to read Dante in the original.
e.g. She locked all the windows for fear that/in case/lest someone might break in.
注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用
so as to do … 或 in order to do … 替换 so that...
e.g. He ran fast so that he might arrive there before
ten o’clock.
→
He ran fast so as to/in order to arrive there before ten o’clock.
连接词: 结果状语从句
so that 引导结果状语从句时通常不使用情态动词, 以表示客观事实，可翻译为 “结果””所以”
They missed the bus so that they were late for class.
他们错过了公交车，结果上课迟到了。
Tom started out early so that he got a good seat.
汤姆动身早，所以他占了个好座位。
so … that, such … that; so that 等
连接词: 结果状语从句
such/so .... that ...引导结果状语从句，可翻译为“如此......以至于......”
such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组:
结构1. .
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句
结构2. .
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.
such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that 从句
结构3. .
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句
结构3. .
结构4. .
结构2. .
连接词: 结果状语从句
such/so .... that ...引导结果状语从句，可翻译为“如此......以至于......”
so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词：
结构1. 可以和such+a/a+形容词+单数名词+that从句互换
so+many/few+名词复数+that从句
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+little/much+不可数名词+that从句
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句
He had so many friends that he never felt lonely.
He has so little money that he can’t buy a new car.
= .
He is so clever a boy that everybody likes him.
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
状语从句易混点辨析
1. while
①时间状语从句：接延续性动词
②让步状语从句：位于句首
③并列句：表转折
2. since
①时间状语从句：自从
②原因状语从句：既然
3. as
①时间状语从句：随着
②让步状语从句：尽管(倒装)
③原因状语从句：因为
④比较状语从句：as...as...
⑤方式状语从句：按照
4.
even if /though 让步状语从句：即便
as if /though 方式状语从句：好像
5.
so that 目的状语从句：为了；以使 / 结果状语从句：结果；所以
so...that... 结果状语从句：如此...以至于...
6.
if only 要是...就好了
only if 条件状语从句：只有当...
7.in case
目的状语从句：以防
条件状语从句：万一
状语从句综合练习
1. ______________ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
2. ______________________ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
3. You will never gain success __________ you are fully devoted to your work.
4. Kid _______ he is, he knows more about the universe than us.
5. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________ she was and wait for her mother.
单句语法填空
When/Once/If
While/Although/Though
unless
as
where
6. He had no sooner finished his speech __________ the students started cheering.
7. I was about to go out for a walk __________ the telephone rang.
8. . —What was the party like
—Wonderful. It’s been years ___________ I enjoyed myself so much.
9. I really enjoy listening to music ______________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
10. For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, __________ for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
语法填空
when
since
because
while
than
My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1._______ I was doing my school assignments. Then the doorbell rang. However, my sister unlocked the door 2._______ I could open it. We were surprised the moment we saw her 3._________ her clothes and face were terribly dirty. She looked much poorer 4.________ we expected. 5._______ we didn’t know what had happened to her, we stood there and waited for my sister’s story. We wouldn’t leave 6.____________ my sister told us all about it. 7._______ my sister got changed, she told us that she fell into a ditch 8.________ she walked on a path on her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside. She couldn’t get out of the ditch. 9._____________________ she cried for help, no one could hear her. 10.______ time went by, she got worried. After several vain attempts she had to stand where she was and waited until a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.
语段填空
while
before
because
than
Since
unless/until
After
when
Although/Though/While
As

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