资源简介

(共46张PPT)
语法总复习专题十
名词性从句
主语/宾语从句
1. That she likes the pig surprises us.
整个句子作主语
位置：
谓语动词之前
2. She claims that she likes the pig.
整个句子作宾语
位置：
及物动词和介词之后
宾语从句
主语从句
表语/同位语从句
3. The fact is that she likes the pig.
整个句子作表语
位置：
系动词之后
4. I know the fact that she likes the pig.
整个句子作同位语
位置：
抽象名词之后
同位语从句
表语从句
抽象名词需解释说明
1. 定义：由连接词引导，在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句 ( Noun Clauses)。它在复合句中能充当_______、_______ 、_______、_______等成分。
主语
表语
名词性从句
宾语
同位语
2. 位置：
谓语动词/介词
抽象名词
系动词
主语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
fact / news / idea / truth / hope等
考查名词性从句的连接词
1. 从属连词: that, whether/if(是否), as if/though(好像)
2. 连接代词: what(ever), which(ever),
who(ever), whom(ever), whose
3. 连接副词: how, when(ever), where(ver), why
连接词选择
不充当成分，不可省略
充当主宾表定，不可省略
充当状语，不可省略
★ 注意：
1. That 在宾语从句中可以省略。
2. If 不能引导表语从句和同位语从句。
3. As though/if ;because 只在表语从句作引导词。
考点1 主语从句
考点1 主语从句
1. Jane works hard.
2. You are a student.
3. The old should be respected.
4. Smoking is bad for you.
5. To find your way can be a problem.
6. What she said is not yet known.
7. It is a pity that you didn’t see him.
主语从句作主语
名词作主语
代词作主语
形容词作主语
动名词作主语
主语从句作主语
动词不定式作主语
★结论：
主语：句子说明的人或事物，一般放在______。
主语从句：在主从复合句中，充当________的从句。
句首
主语
主语从句太长怎么办？
That all countries work together is important.
用一个 It 来解决问题！
It is important that all countries work together.
一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻现象，用it做_________，而把从句放在后面充当___________。
真正的主语
形式主语
1. That the earth moves around the sun is well known.
= It is well known that the earth moves around the sun.
2. That she has made such a mistake is a pity .
= It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
3. Whether he'll come here isn't clear.
= It isn't clear whether/if he'll come here.
1. That the earth moves around the sun is well known.
= It is well known that the earth moves around the sun.
2. That she has made such a mistake is a pity .
= It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
3. Whether he'll come here isn't clear.
= It isn't clear whether/if he'll come here.
10
It作形式主语
注意：主语从句位于句首时, 不能用if 引导, 主语从句后置时, 才可以用if引导。
11
It作形式主语
It + be + 形容词【necessary/likely/important/certain等】 + that 从句
It + be +名词(词组) 【a pity/a shame/no wonder等】+ that 从句
It + be +过去分词【said/told/reported等】+ that 从句
It + 不及物动词(短语)【seem, appear, happen, matter等】+ that从句
It is important that we (should) protect the environment.
保护环境很重要。
It is suggested that he (should) take a break from work.
建议他应该暂停工作休息下。
当形容词为important, necessary, strange等或过去分词为suggested, requested, desired等时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”。
考点1 主语从句
易错提醒
(1) that引导主语从句，虽不充当成分，无意义，但一般不省略。
That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.
That smoking is harmful to health is known to everyone.
(2) whether与if引导主语从句的区别：
主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。
Whether life exists on other planets is not clear yet.
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.
例句： He has told me _____ he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
名词性从句解题技巧
一判
二缺（缺什么成分）
三意（结合句意）
that
宾语从句
括从句，看位置，判断从句类型
翻译句子，确定连接词（根据语境，缺啥补啥）
不缺意义：that
是否:whether
“缺什么补什么”
高考链接
【典例】(2021·新课标I卷)_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
What
考查主语从句
考查主语从句。句意为：这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示"……的东西"，故填What.
what & that的用法：
that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。
考点2 宾语从句
考点2 宾语从句
1. 定义：从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
We know Mr. Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.
He said (that) life was better than before.
★ 注：that引导宾语从句时经常省略。
连接词 意义 功能
从属 连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
连 接 代 词 who(ever) （无论）谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
what（ever） （无论）什么，所...的 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which（ever） （无论）哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
连 接 副 词 when 何时 时间状语
where 哪里 地点状语
why 为什么 原因状语
how 如何/怎么 方式状语
考点2 宾语从句
易错提醒
(1) that引导宾语从句时经常省略，但下列情况下不能省略：
①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
②宾语从句前有插入语时；
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.
③ that引导的从句位于句首时。
That he is a good person , we all know.
考点2 宾语从句
易错提醒
(2) if/ whether 表示“是否”，常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。
She asked if/whether they often came here early.
He wondered if/whether they would go to visit the Great Wall.
(3) whether与if的区别：
① 介词后用whether
They are talking about whether she will come tonight.
考点2 宾语从句
易错提醒
② whether or not连用
They don't know whether or not she will come.
③ 宾从位于句首表强调，用whether
Whether this is true or not, I can't say.
④ 不定式前用whether
I can’t decide whether to stay.
⑤ discuss等词后接宾从时用whether
We discussed whether we should buy a gift for him.
20
It作形式宾语
① 动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(adj.或n.)＋不定式/从句
② 动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句
③ 短语动词see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句
④ 固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that＋从句
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
I would appreciate it if you could take me into consideration.
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
Most of us young men take it for granted that parents do everything for us.
宾语从句的时态
一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态【主现从任】；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态【主过从过】。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。【特殊性原则】
I hear (that)
Jim ______( be ) a worker two years ago.
Jim _________(cook ) dinner tomorrow .
Jim __________( sing ) a popular song now.
Jim ___________( play ) basketball when his father came back.
was
will cook
is singing
was playing
一般过去式
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
1) He will go to Hong Kong.
2) He is sick.
3) He is reading a book.
【主过从过】
1) He __________ to Hong Kong.
2) He ______sick.
3) He ____________ a book.
He said
was
was reading
would go
【特殊性原则】
He told me (that) Summer is after Spring.
感叹句引导的宾从
句式 用法 示例
主句 + what + (a/an) + adj. + n. +主语 +谓语 what是感叹形容词，中心词必须是名词。 You can't imagine what a mistake I made.
你无法想象我犯了多大一个错误。
主句+ how + adj./adv. +主语 + 谓语 how是感叹副词，直接修饰形容词或副词。 You have no idea how excited I was when I received the gift.
你不清楚我收到礼物时多么激动。
【典例】(2024·全国甲卷)How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
what
step 1：无提示词----冠词 介词 连词
step 2：谓语动词有 relaxed 和 is，且无并列，则一定有从句。
并且迅速通过men判断它的谓语动词是relaxed。
step 3：找出从句部分， 43 is now northwestern Wyoming.
step 4: 判断是介词后的宾从还是介词 +关系代词的定从。
step 5: 从句所缺成分看是否由前面名词充当，是则该句是定从，须把介词和后面的从句划分一起。若不是，则该句是宾从，须把介词和从句分开放。
step 6：该句为宾从，按宾从的解题思路来。
考点3 表语从句
考点3 表语从句
易错提醒
(1) if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。
引导词 作用
连接词 that, whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what, who, whom, which，whichever, whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中作状语
考点3 表语从句
易错提醒
(2) as if/as though引导表语从句，意为“似乎，好像”。
① 常跟在系动词之后(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)。
The house looked as if it was about to fall down.
② 若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一条厚厚的黑色毯子扔到了它的上面。
★ 系动词补充：
状态类：be, keep, remain, stay (保留，保持)
感官类：look, feel, smell, sound, taste
变化类：become, grow, turn, get, go, come
表象类：seem, appear (看起来似乎)
终止类：turn out(结果是), prove(证明是)
考点3 表语从句
易错提醒
(3) 其他常考的表语从句
① This/That/It be why＋表语从句(表示结果) “这/那就是……的原因”
This is why we can't get the support of the people.
② This/That/It be because＋表语从句(表示原因) “这/那是因为……”
He was late. That is because he missed the morning train.
③ The reason why... be that＋表语从句 “……的原因是……”
We don't know the reason why she didn't come home.
The reason why he was late was that he missed the morning train.
高考链接
【典例】(2024年1月浙江卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
what
考查表语从句
句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
名词性从句中that与what的区别：
引导名词性从句既可以用that，也可以用what。两者的区别在于that在句中不作成分，what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
考点4 同位语从句
考点4 同位语从句
1. 同位语：常位于名词或代词后面，对该名词或代词作进一步的解释说明。
Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
We Chinese people are very brave and hardworking.
This is my new friend, Daniel.
2. 同位语从句：用一个句子来充当同位语，解释或补充说明所修饰的词。
The fact that he was successful surprised me .
We heard the news that he won the match.
I have no idea when he will be back.
同位语从句结构：名词 + 连接词 + 从句
同位语从句说明的名词大多是____________。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有:
抽象名词
news /word 新闻 fact事实 belief信念 information 信息
doubt疑惑 reason 理由 message消息 decision 决定
question / problem 问题 thought想法 possibility 可能性 truth 真相
idea想法 hope希望 danger 危险
request要求 order 命令 warning警告
考点4 同位语从句
易错提醒
(1) if不能引导同位语从句。
引导词 作用
连接词 that, whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what, who, whom, which，whichever, whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中作状语
考点4 同位语从句
易错提醒
(2) 为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句有时可以不紧跟它说明的那个名词后面，而是被其它的词隔开，这种从句叫分割式同位语从句。
I have no idea why she left.
Word came that their team had won.
有消息说他们队赢了。
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
据说威廉·泰尔用箭杀死了国王。
考点4 同位语从句
易错提醒
(3) 同位语从句的虚拟语气：在表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。
I made a suggest that we should go to bed early tomorrow.
一坚持 insist
二命令 order, command
三建议 advise, suggest, propose
四要求 require, request, demand, desire
考点4 同位语从句
易错提醒
(4) doubt的同位语从句：肯定句后用whether；否定句后用that。
There is no doubt that it was his friend that played tricks on him.
There is some doubt whether he can adapt to the new surroundings here.
I doubt whether he is at home.
We don’t doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.
名词性从句考点归纳
名词性从句解题关键
1．确定是名词性从句
空处无提示词，先确定主句的主谓结构，再确定空处和空后的内容在主句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
2．利用两个技巧搞定名词性从句
3．牢记what和that的区别
(1) that没有词义，且在从句中不作任何成分。
(2) what在从句中表示 “……的(东西)” (有时候可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
名词性从句解题关键
利用两个技巧搞定名词性从句
Tip 1：
(1) 从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever等。
(2) 从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断)，用连接副词where (表地点)、when (表时间)、how (表方式)、why (表原因)等。
(3) 从句中不缺成分，句意缺少“是否”，用if/whether。
(4) 从句中不缺成分且句子意义完整，用that。
分析句子成分
名词性从句解题关键
利用两个技巧搞定名词性从句
Tip 2：
有些引导词在句中有很鲜明的意义，如whether/if (是否)、whoever (无论谁)、whatever (无论什么)、because (因为)、why (为什么)等。结合句意和语境，不难解决这类试题。
结合句意和引导词的本义解题
即学即用
1. 能否在英语考试中取得好成绩是我最担心的问题。
(what主语从句/whether 引导表语从句）
____________________________________________________________
2. 众所周知，学好英语是很重要的. （主语从句）
____________________________________________________________
3. 那是因为它是一种国际语言.（表语从句）
It is______________________________________.
/The reason is_________________________________.
What worries me most is whether I can get a good mark in English.
because it is an international language
that it is an international language
It is known to all that it is important to learn English well.
4. 在我看来，学习成功与否主要取决于一个人是否有决心。(whether宾从)
In my opinion, success in study depends mainly on ______________
______________________________.
5. 我的愿望是能被一所重点大学录取。（表语从句）
My hope is ______________________________________________.
6. 我现在要做的是采取措施学好英语。（主语从句）
What _____________________________________________________ .
7. 我坚信我会掌握好英语的。(同位语从句)
________________________________I’ll have a good command of English.
can have great determination
whether one
that I can be admitted to a key university
I hold the firm belief that
I should do now is to take measures to master English
利用所学名词性从句的相关知识，结合中文提示补全短文（邀请信）。
Obviously, besides study, there are also other things beneficial to us. _________________(俱乐部可以使我们的校园生活丰富多彩，充满收获，这是谁也不可否认的事实。). There goes the plan.
Boys and girls,
I’m the chairman of Student Union, Li Hua. _________(我想告诉你的是，我们学生会成立了一个英语俱乐部).
What I want to tell you is that we, Student Union, set up an English club.
No one can deny the fact that the club can make our school life colorful and rewarding.
____(据安排我们将在周二晚上在报告厅看英文电影) Apart from that, there is going to be an English debate or discussion on Saturday evening; yet, the specific topics haven’t been settled. If you have wonder and suggestions, please let us know.
It is arranged that we will watch English films in the conference hall on Tuesday evening.
_____（我坚信你将在这些活动中受益良多). You will never regret joining us. So, just do it.
Student Union
I'm convinced that you will harvest many benefits in these activities.
Thank you for listening !
春

展开更多......

收起↑