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(共48张PPT)
Analysis of long and difficult sentences
Pre-topic:
1. What are the five basic sentence patterns in English
2. According to the structure, how many types can English sentences be divided into
1. What are the five basic sentence patterns in English
1. S+V Mrs. Wang comes.
2. S+V+O We love Mrs. Wang.
3. S+Linking V+ Pred Mrs. Wang is beautiful.
4. S+V+O1+O2 She gave me a key.
5. S+V+O+OC She made the room clean.
2. According to the structure, how many types can English sentences be divided into
1. Simple sentence: 5
2. Compound sentence: S+ S (and, so, or, but, yet, while, for)
3. Complex sentence: Main S +clause
Attributive clause
Noun clauses
Adverbial clauses 9
I. Starter
1. No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. （2024高考I卷E）
没有编辑可能会容忍一个不愿费心将单词拼写正确的作家。
2. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. （2022高考I卷）
were to increase
I. Starter
3. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. (2024高考I卷C)
然而，心理学家已经证明，当成年人阅读新闻故事时，他们记住的内容比聆听或观看相同的新闻内容时记下来的更多。
4. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. (2024高考I卷D)
这是有道理的，因为通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据的人往往是公民科学家，他们记录了在附近地区遇到的物种。
II. Main Courses
CONTENTS
长难句初体验
01
长难句策略及练习
02
高考中的运用
03
PART ONE 长难句初体验
Mrs. A is an excellent teacher.
Energetic and full of passion, Mrs. A is an excellent teacher.
(adjective phrase形容词短语)
Energetic and full of passion, Mrs. A is an excellent teacher, always spending much time accompanying students in class 10.
(non-predicate非谓语)
Energetic and full of passion, Mrs. A is an excellent teacher, always spending much time accompanying students in class 10, whose goal is to help them to be admitted into their dream college.
(clause从句)
Let’s play a guessing game! (Please Guess who she is.)
(trunk主干)
modifiers
What makes a sentence complex
非谓语动词
形容词、副词 、介词短语
同位语、插入语
从句

修饰语
介词短语
从句
非谓语动词
形容词
副词
同位语
插入语
并列结构
leaves
trunk
branches
The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help their patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (21 新高考全国Ι卷)
How can we understand a long and difficult sentence
1. 划出句子主干(主谓) trunk 谓语动词有什么特点
2. 括起修饰成分 拨开枝叶减少干扰
3. 圈出句中连词 根据连词确定从句类型
4. 理顺逻辑读懂句意 注意英汉差异：后置定语
理清句子主干和附属成分之间逻辑关系
一划 (二括/圈) “三会意”
branches
(leaves)
Conclusion小结
A difficult sentence
1. trunk(主干部分)
2. modifiers
修饰语部分
非谓语动词
形容词、副词 、介词短语
同位语、插入语
从句
独立主格结构
I was rooted to the spot, tears of fear mixed with rain streaming down my face.
Complex sentence复合句
Simple sentence简单句
Compound sentence并列句
A
B
C
Category
PART TWO 长难句种类
Schools across China are expected to hire 50000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, (to help reduce unemployment pressures).
A
Trunk : Schools are expected to hire graduates. 简单句
(
)
(
)
Simple sentence简单句
non-predicate （非谓语）
In the 1970s he was a surgeon(外科医生) at Yale, had a wonderful life and five beautiful children, but he was terribly unhappy.
B
本句为____ 个并列句；连词是______
(
)
(
)
Compound sentence并列句
3
but
That引导的________从句中，包含______引导
的时间状语从句。
并列句和主从复合句并存
C
I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as our earth’s population grows and we use more of our nonrenewable(非再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives.
Complex sentence复合句
(
)
(
)
同位语
as
clause （同位语从句）
我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：随着地球上人口的不断增长，我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。
1. 确定句子种类(category)
How to make good analysis of a long sentence. (4 steps )
PART 3 长难句分析策略
2. 一划 ___________
3. 二括 ( )
4. 三会意
简单句
并列句
复合句
trunk主干
modifier修饰语
Prepositional
Phrase介词短语
Non-predicate verb
非谓语
Clause从句
Practice makes perfect!
Competition (Group Work)
10 points
20 points
30 points
Read the following sentences first, and then
analyze the sentences in groups.
Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.
【句式分析】本句是_________句，主干是_________________________。修饰语包括三个非谓语短语：__________，________，和__________。
【句子翻译】当自豪地阅读我写得内容的时，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。
Practice (10 points)
一划，二括，三会意
)
(
)
(
)
(
简单
reading
to find
bearing
I glanced around the room
The Olympic spirit -- the spirit of competition which
emphasizes taking part rather winning – has been violated
by the desire to succeed at all costs.
【句式分析】本句是______句，主干为______________________________ 其余部分皆为_________。which引导___________，修饰先行词_______, to succeed修饰________。
【句子翻译】奥林匹克精神—强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神– 已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。
一划，二括，三会意
Practice (10 points)
)
(
)
(
复合
定语从句
spirit
desire
侵犯,亵渎
修饰语
同位语
The Olympic spirit has been violated
Beds that are too small, shower heads(淋浴喷头) that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room（腿部空间）all make life difficult for those of above average height.
一划，二括，三会意
Practice (20 points)
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
【句式分析】本句是______句，谓语动词是______，主语是_____，第一个that从句修饰______，第二个that从句修饰______________，with结构修饰_________________。
【句子翻译】太小的床，太低的淋浴喷头，几乎没有腿部空间的餐厅桌子，都让那些身高高于平均水平的人的生活变得艰难。
复合
make
shower heads
restaurant tables
beds
【句式分析】本句是______句，连词为____。第一个分句是____________， 第二个分句是____________。修饰语有___，___，___。suitable for living修饰_______, to go further into space修饰______ 。句中运用了__________ 时态。
【句子翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
一划，二括，三会意
)
(
)
(
Practice (20 points)
并列
)
(
将来完成
ways
and
places
we will have ...
we will have ...
The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.
一划，二括，三会意
【句式分析】本句包含了特殊句式___________________________，主干是___________________, who引导的从句修饰________。
【句子翻译】年轻人越接触经济问题，越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。
)
(
Practice (30 points)
the+比较级，the+比较级
adults
As their world expanded, (she said), children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”. (2017江苏卷D)
一划，二括，三会意
【句式分析】本句是______ 句，主干是__________。that引导的是_______ 从句，修饰______。从句主干是______，后面三个介词短语的关系是______关系。
【句子翻译】随着他们的世界的扩张，孩子们把自己跟网络上的其它人，用一种对自我认同、自信心和自我发展能力都具有极大破坏力的方式进行比较。
)
(
Practice (30 points)
复合
)
(
定语
way
并列
PART FOUR
长难句在高考中的运用
(2023新课标I卷C30题)In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.① You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.②
What is presented in the final chapter of part one
Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
①在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理。
②您将听到这些参与者的故事，并了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的哪些陷阱您应该避免。
10 Points
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. (2014年全国一卷阅读D篇)
)
(
)
(
(
(
)
)
(
)
B
1
Many scholars are making efforts to ______.
A. promote global languages
B. rescue the disappearing languages
C. search for languages communities
D. set up languages research organizations
2. Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017年全国二卷)
What does a plant do when it is under attack
A. It makes noise.
B. It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly.
D. It sends out certain chemicals.
10 Points
D
3. Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency(货币) of power in the new century.”
What is Fried’s attitude towards America’s future _______
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful.
C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
弗里德曼指出，绿色经济是保持美国实力的机会。“设计、制造和出口绿色技术以生产清洁的水、清洁的空气和健康丰富的食物的能力将成为新世纪的权力货币。
20 Points
C
4. In order to pass the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to ______ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives. (2018全国卷1)
A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
10 Points
apply
5. I think the faith that everyone has shown _33___ him
has touched him.
A. of B. at C. for D. in
10 Points
in
everyone has shown faith in him
6. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
(2017全国卷1语法填空)
30 Points
as
effects
7. In his first years of high school, he would look pityingly at music students, __1__ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, and turning up at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there. (2017年江苏卷完形填空)
A. traveling B. marching C. pacing D. struggling
20 Points
D
8. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66___________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全国卷)
30 Points
which/that
(
)
30 Points
9. What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can’t help wondering how hard it 61_ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain , still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your_63_( ache) legs. (2021高考I卷）
(
(
)
)
61.was 62.and 63.aching
10.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government 68 ______ (start) a soil-testing program 69_________ __ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
30 Points
(
)
started
which/that
(
)
1. 确定句子种类(category)
How to make good analysis of a long sentence. (4 steps )
Consolidation
2. 一划 ___________
3. 二括 ( )
4. 三会意
简单句
并列句
复合句
trunk主干
modifier修饰语
Prepositional
Phrase介词短语
Non-predicate verb
非谓语
Clause从句
III.Dessert
1. “Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper toot systems,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies. “One idea is ______ if the plant doesn’t waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn’t find any water and nutrients, then it has more energy to grow deeper down ______ water is more likely.” (2025武汉市二调）
2. Being angry all the time is bad news for individuals and organisations alike, but so _____ (be) being hugely satisfied by everything all the time. (English Weekly Issue18)
3. Community and environmental groups near the petrochemical (石化产品) plants have long argued that it is unfair _____ places such as the Houston shipping channel, the upper Ohio Valley and the area near the church in southern Louisiana known as “Cancer Alley” have high concentrations of polluting petrochemical facilities in neighborhoods that are economically and politically ignored.
4. In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) ______ powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. (2024新课标II卷）
5. _64_____ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language _65_____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” (2024新课标II卷）
6. The severe weather has caused transportation disruptions and multiple trainservices have been suspended, with the capital’s two airports _______ (cancel) a combined nearly 700 flights by early afternoon.
7. (人教XB4-U1) When it comes to games, 2017 became a year ______ which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long ________ AI can win at almost every thing.
8. (人教XB4-U2)Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture,________ many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.
9.(外研XB2-U1) I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18, _____ how wrong I was!
10. I would not have made such tremendous progress hadn’t it been _____her timely help.
1. “Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper toot systems,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies. “One idea is ______ if the plant doesn’t waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn’t find any water and nutrients, then it has more energy to grow deeper down ______ water is more likely.” (2025武汉市二调）
“有趣的是，那些更擅长感知水位的植物也在形成更深的根系系统，”第一作者约翰内斯·沙尔维茨说。“一个想法是，如果植物不浪费时间将根分支生长到它找不到任何水和营养的地方，那么它就有更多的能量在更深处生长，那里更有可能找到水。”
where
that
2. Being angry all the time is bad news for individuals and organisations alike, but so _____ (be) being hugely satisfied by everything all the time. (English Weekly Issue18)
一直生气对个人和组织来说都是坏消息，但一直对一切都感到极度满意也是如此。
is
that
3. Community and environmental groups near the petrochemical (石化产品) plants have long argued that it is unfair _____ places such as the Houston shipping channel, the upper Ohio Valley and the area near the church in southern Louisiana known as “Cancer Alley” have high concentrations of polluting petrochemical facilities in neighborhoods that are economically and politically ignored.
石化厂附近的社区和环境团体长期以来一直认为，休斯顿航运通道、上俄亥俄河谷和路易斯安那州南部靠近教堂的地区（被称为“癌症巷”）等地方在经济和政治上被忽视，但在这些社区中，污染严重的石化设施集中分布，这是不公平的。
4. In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) ______ powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. (2024新课标II卷）
（如果）落入错误的人手中，这样一本书可能会像为 AI 提供动力的计算机代码 一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，Campbell 拥有二十多年的专业经验，将令人陶醉的东西转化为可理解的东西。
解刨长难句：主句+but转折句+非谓语（translating）
that
5. _64_______ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language _65_______ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” (2024新课标II卷）
回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国戏曲版，并会见了几年前来到斯特拉特福演出《牡丹亭》部分的中国演员，埃德蒙森说：“听到中文，看到唐人的戏剧是如何演出的，真是令人兴奋。
解刨长难句：非谓语（Recalling doing）+定语从句（先行词为actors）+主句+how引导的宾语从句（see how）
Recalling
and
6. The severe weather has caused transportation disruptions and multiple trainservices have been suspended, with the capital’s two airports ____________ (cancel) a combined nearly 700 flights by early afternoon.
此次强风天气导致交通系统出现延误,多条铁路线路采取临时停运措施，截至午间，北京两座机场已有近700架次进出港航班取消。
cancel(l)ing
7. (人教XB4-U1) When it comes to games, 2017 became a year ____ which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long ________ AI can win at almost everything.
8. (人教XB4-U2)Alhough the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, _____ many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.
9.(外研XB2-U1 )I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18, _____how wrong I was!
10. I would not have made such tremendous progress hadn’t it been _____ her timely help.
in
before
with
but
for
Thank you for your time!

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