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状语从句
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时间状语从句
1.when、while和as的用法
when “在……时候”,可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用;从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
while “在……期间；与……同时”,一般只可与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时发生
as “当……时；随着”,常与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
例句：When I met my boss, I seemed very nervous.
One Sunday morning, while the children were reading, I stepped to the doorway of the yard to take a break.
高考题常见陷阱：
While I got home, it began to rain.
When I got home, it began to rain.
√
got 是短暂动词
真题实战：
1. （2023浙江卷）_______ I was about to leave, it began to rain heavily.
2. (2021全国I 卷) _________ the discussion was going on, someone took a photo secretly.
做题方法：
1. 看从句动词----是短暂性还是延续性
2. 是否需要强调“同步进行”或“对比”
When
While
2.before与since的用法
（1）before表示“在……之前;还未……就……;还没来得及……就……”，常用于以下句型。
It will be+一段时间+before... 多久之后才……
It won't be long before... 不久之后就……
It was+一段时间+before... 过了多久才……
例句：It didn't take long before he finished his task.(翻译句子)
（2）since表示“自从……”,其引导的从句在句中作状语时,主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,从句常用一般过去时。
since表示“自从……以来”,常用于“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”句型。该句型表示“自从……已经多长时间了”,从句的时态常用一般过去时。
3.till、until和not...until...的用法
（1）until/till意为“直到……为止”,表示某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词且为肯定形式。
例句：We will explore every solution till/until we find an answer. 我们要探寻一切解决方案,直到找到答案为止。
（2）not...until...“直到……才”,表示某动作从某时间点开始发生,主句谓语动词是短暂性动词。
We didn’t realize the danger until it was too late.
4.表示“一……就……;刚……就……”的常用表达
（1）表示“一……就……”的表达有as soon as、immediately、directly、the moment、the minute、 the instant、instantly等。
例句：（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）I promised to take care of Tiffy and call them as soon as we got to Kansas City. 我答应照顾Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。
（2）表示“刚……就……”的表达有no sooner... than...、 hardly/scarcely...when...等。该结构中，主句谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,如果no sooner、hardly、scarcely等置于句首,主句应部分倒装。
例句：She had no sooner said it than she burst into tears.
=No sooner had she said it than she bursy into tears.
Scarcely had the game started when it began to rain.
考点2 让步状语从句
1.although、though、while等常引导让步状语从句。
Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 尽管定期锻炼很重要,但临睡前锻炼绝不是个好主意。
2.as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构,即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。此时as可与though互换。
Child as/though he is, he has helped me a lot.他尽管是个孩子，却帮了我很多。
3.“特殊疑问词+ever”引导让步状语从句,意为“无论……”,可与“no matter+特殊疑问词”结构互换。
4.whether... or...引导让步状语从句时意为“不论……还是……”。
考点3 条件状语从句
1.条件状语从句的常见引导词:if、unless（=if... not）、so/as long as （只要）、on condition that （条件是）、if only、provided that （如果）、in case （万一;如果）、suppose/supposing that （假设;如果）、assuming that（假定;假设）、unless等。
2.条件状语从句的时态:在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的含义;用现在完成时表示即将完成的情况;用一般过去时表示过去将来的含义。
考点4 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where、wherever引导。
例题：1. Molai built at the top of each sapling (幼树）a bamboo platform, __________ he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.
2. ―Tom doesn't seem so enthusiastic as he was two years ago.
―Yes. He's really reached a point in his career ___________he has to decide what to do next.
3. I write my motto _______I can see it easily.
考点5 原因状语从句
because: 表示直接原因,语气较强,能回答由why提出的问句
as :常表示显而易见的原因,语气较轻
in that（因为）、now that（既然;由于）、since（既然）:表示双方都知道的原因,语气较弱
for : 表示推断的理由，是对前面分句的内容加以补充和说明。
例句：As Monday is a national holiday, all goverment offices will be closed.
It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
考点6 结果状语从句
1.
2.
3. so that
so +
adj./adv.
adj.+a/an+可数名词单数
many/much/few/little +名词
+that 从句
such +
+that 从句
adj. +a/an+可数名词复数/不可数名词
a/an +adj.+可数名词单数
a lot of/lots of + 名词
注意：当“so+adj./adv.”或“such+n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
例句：So excited am I that I vannot wait to do sth.
考点7 目的状语从句
in order that/so that 表示“以便……;为了……”,它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词
in case （that）表示“以防出现某种情况”
例句：（2023·全国甲卷）It's a surprise they haven't managed to grow square ones so that they can pack them easily. 令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，这样他们就可以方便地把它们打包。
考点8 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的有as if、as though等。
as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时,从句通常用虚拟语气；与现在的情况相反时,用一般过去时;与过去的情况相反时,用过去完成时;与将来的情况相反时,用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
状语从句的省略
状语从句的省略，是高考中经常考察的点。
状语从句什么时候可以省略？
当从句的主语和和主句的主语一致，并且从句谓语中含有be 动词时，可以将主语和be 动词同时省掉。
例句： when he was reading, he took notes.
When reading, he took notes.
Though she was tired, she continuing walking.
Though tired, she continuing walking.
历年高考真题
2021天津卷 _____ our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others.
答案：Whatever
解析：whatever表示“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句。
2022全国甲卷）The disagreement was _____ sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it.
答案：so
解析：so...that...结构表示“如此……以至于……”
（2022全国乙卷）_____ you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol.
答案：If/When
解析：考查时间/条件状语从句，表示“当/如果骑自行车时，你不用汽油”。
4. Molai built at the top of each sapling (幼树）a bamboo platform, __________ he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. （2020，全国英语新高考卷Ⅰ，完形填空）
【答案】where，地点状语从句，句意“莫莱（Molai）在每个幼树的顶部都用竹子搭建了一个平台，在那里他放了一些有小孔的土锅来收集雨水。”
5. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential ________ we’re making decisions. （2020，全国英语新高考卷Ⅰ，D）
【答案】when, 时间状语从句，句意“测试表明，在我们做出决策时，社交环境具有极大的影响力。”
6. They kept their collection at home until it got too big or ___________ they died, and then it was given to a museum. （2020，全国英语新高考卷Ⅰ，单词填空）
【答案】until，时间状语从句，句意“他们把收集物放在家里，直到它体积变大或者没有用处，然后再把它给博物馆。”
7. That willpower bore fruit ________ Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree. （2020，全国英语新高考卷Ⅰ，B）
【答案】when，时间状语从句，句意“当詹妮弗（Jennifer）毕业于威斯康星大学欧克莱尔分校（University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire）时，并成为她的大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人，这一意志力展现出了成果。”
8. _________ the little mermaid hadn’t come to his assistance，the young prince would have drowned.
【答案】If 根据句意“如果小美人鱼没有来帮助他，那位年轻的王子会淹死了。”条件状语从句用if
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