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请问：人类如何说话？
D. Jacky信任Jack。
A. Jacky Jack
B. Jacky信任
C. 信任Jack
人类为什么以句子为单位说话？
句子是语言运用的基本单位，能表达一个完整的意思。
The Importance of the Sentences
The Importance of the Sentences
怎样用词、词组（短语）写一个完整且正确的英语句子呢？
就像串糖葫芦一样！
10类词和若干词组/短语
10种句子成分
8种句子结构
ENGLISH
八种基本句型
Eight Kinds of Sentences
1. Ｓ +Ｖi（主＋谓）
名词/代词/...+不及物动词
主语是句子中动作、行为、___或___的主体，是一个句子谈论的主题。
All of us laughed.
Jacky exercises.
The bus is coming.
谓语用来说明主语的行为、动作或所处的状态。
后不可以直接跟宾语的动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
主语 + 谓语
主语 + 谓语
名/代 + 不及物动词
hurt
Laura’s right arm
Alex
smile
Alex smiles.
Laura’s right arm hurts.
主语
谓语
串一串
2.Ｓ +Ｖt +O（主＋谓＋宾)
名词/代词/动名词短语/... + 及物动词
情态动词+动词原形
助动词帮助动词
宾语表示动作、行为的对象。
Alex should finish the homework.
We volunteer to care for the sick children.
Doing chores develops kids’ independence.
They are talking about something.
I have seen the film before.
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
+ 名词（词组）/不定式
to get good grades
want
Bobby and Carl
have
too much stress
they
Bobby and Carl want to get good grades.
They have too much stress.
主语
谓语
宾语
串一串
有些谓语动词（give, show, bring, read, pass, lend, tell, leave, teach, write, buy等.）
必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
3.S+Vt+IO+DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
Jacky gave Jim some money.
He told us a funny story.
直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者(多指物)。
间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)(多指人)。
名词/代词/...+ 及物动词 + 名词/代词1 + 名词.
主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语.
me
Jim
his homework
Jack
show
lend
some mony
Jack show me his homework.
Jack lend Jim some money.
主语
谓语
间宾
直宾
串一串
动词后只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等。
4.Ｓ +Ｖt +O +OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
宾语补足语:用来补充说明宾语的状况的语言成分。
告诉我们宾语正在做什么。
告诉我们宾语做了什么。
告诉我们宾语接收到什么动作。
I saw him dancing at 8 last night.
I saw him dance last night.
I saw the room cleaned by Tom.
I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
告诉我们宾语的状态。
常跟宾语+宾语补足语的动词：
let, see, watch, hear, help, feel, keep, call, make, find, tell, ask, think, want等
代词/...+ 及物动词 + 名词/代词 + 动词（ing）/过去分析/形容词.
4.Ｓ +Ｖt +O +OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语.
I saw him dancing at 8 last night.
I saw him dance last night.
I saw the room cleaned by Tom.
I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
ask
Bobby
Eunice
study math
to study English
find
主语
谓语
宾语
宾补
Eunice asked Bobby to study English.
Eunice found Bobby study math.
串一串
5.S+V+P 主语+系动词+表语
表语说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。
The dish smells good.
Eight is a lucky number in China.
Swimming is my favorite.
My job is to teach them English.
主语 + 谓语 + 表语.
名词/数词/动名词...+ 系动词 + 名词/形容词/不定式...
状态：seem, appear, prove
感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look
变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow, fall
持续：remain, stay, keep, continue
is
become
housework
a waste of time
a high school student
Jacky
主语
谓语
表语
Jacky becomes a high school student.
Housework is a waste of time.
串一串
SV=1 （主谓结构只有一个）
6.S+V+A 主语+谓语+状语
He talked too much.
状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等充当。
7.S+V+O+A 主语+谓语+宾语+状语
I have my first class at senior high school .
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等信息。
8.There be …
There are three people in my uncle’s family.
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
There isn’t a boy in the room.
There aren’t any books on the desk.
There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
There’s a boy sitting under the tree.
“某地有(存在)某物”
be动词的数与其后紧跟名词一致
八种基本句型：
主+谓 S+Vi
主+谓+宾 S+Vt+O
主+谓+间宾+直宾 S+V+IO+DO
主+谓+宾+宾补 S+V+O+OC
主+系+表 S+V+P
主语+谓语+状语 S+V+A
主语+谓语+宾语+状语S+V+O+A
There be …
一般简单句
较复杂简单句
Bobby吃了一个苹果。
Bobby ate an apple.
星期二，站在树底下的小Bobby吃了一个从美国进口的大苹果。
Little Bobby standing under the tree ate a very big apple imported from the USA on Tuesday.
定语:用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
小思考
P
DO
O
A
C
(subject)
S
V
(verb)
(object)
(predicative)
(adverbial)
(direct object)
I0
(object complement)
(indirect object)
（同位语）
appositive
（定语）
attribute
主语
状语
宾语补足语
直接宾语
表语
宾语
间接宾语
谓语
十种句子成分：
We have finished reading this book.
They can speak English well.
助动词和情态动词须和
实义动词一起构成谓语
He looked after two boys.
找出谓语
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.
S 主语
V 谓语
A 状语
2. We must act.
S 主语
V 谓语
3. The maths homework looks easy.
S 主语
P 系表
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
S 主语
V 谓语
O 宾语
C 宾补
这所有着一百年历史的学校坐落于市中心
我们必须行动起来。
数学作业看起来挺简单。
老师觉得教室空荡荡的。
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.
6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Corner at our school.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
S 主语
V 谓语
DO 直宾
IO 间宾
S 主语
V 谓语
O 宾语
有
某物
某地
S 主语
V 谓语
O 宾语
A 状语
There be 句型
我妈妈给我买了一本新的字典。
汤姆期盼遇见一位新的交换生。
在我们学校有一个新的英语角。
在新建的实验室里我们上了一节化学课。
Don’t trouble trouble until trouble ________(trouble) you.
译文：__________________________________________
__________________________________________
troubles
不要惹麻烦，直到麻烦找上你。
麻烦不来扰，千万别自扰。
trouble n. 问题；苦恼 v. 使苦恼，打扰
祈使句
简单句
________+_________
________+_________+_________
_______+_______+_______
________+_________+________
句子
成分
连词
谓语
宾语
助动词
动词
名词
主语
谓语
宾语
名词
动语
代语

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