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牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修四课件
Unit 4 Never too old to learn
活到老，学到老
Grammar and usage Page 48-49
Analysis of complicated sentences
◆ 内容分析
本板块围绕单元话题，以“职业教育”为主题创设语境，首先在语篇中探究、分析复杂句的规则和用法；再通过句子、语篇两个层面的巩固练习，内化新知；最后运用所学，准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法，合作完成一个故事接龙，实现“形式—意义—使用”三者的统一。
◆ 教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. analyse the usage of complicated sentences;
2. work out the rules of complicated sentences;
3. use complicated sentences to finish the tasks of rewriting sentences and completing a passage;
4. make a story using complicated sentences.
A. Exploring the rules Page 48
Below is a brief introduction to vocational education. Match each sentence with the correct type in the table below. Write down the numbers. The first one has been done for you.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(1) Vocational education is not a new idea. (2) It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on
training in the workplace. (3) Vocational education is no less important than academic education because it can qualify applicants to work in a particular field.(4) In today’s rapidly developing society, vocational education is becoming more and more valuable and it gives applicants an advantage in the job market.
(5) Once a job has been secured, those with vocational qualifications often have better prospects of promotion within the company. (6) For example, motor repair is one field that allows for such career development. (7) Most motor repair companies have their own training programmes for specific jobs and workers can start off in training positions. (8) People who have been trained in schools often learn and adapt faster and are more likely to work their way up to senior management positions.
se·cure /s kj (r)/（尤指经过努力）获得，取得，实现
work your way up逐步升职；按部就班晋升
(9) It is certain that educational institutions and companies will continue to advocate vocational education and training. (10) According to one vocational school student, they are now encouraged to “learn by doing” and “learn through trial and error”, and they focus more on how to complete an assignment rather than just memorizing what teachers say in class.
mem·or·ize / mem ra z/ ( Bre also -ise)记忆；记住
Working out the rules
A sentence in which both coordination and subordination occur is called a ___________________ sentence.
Identifying linking words and determining the functions of clauses are helpful in analysing complicated sentences.
coordination协调,配合;身体的协调性;配位;同一等级(或类别),并列关系
subordination/s b d ne n/从属,隶属,下级地位,次要；主从关系
compound-complex
复杂句分析
1.简单句: 含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句。有时，简单句包含很多修饰语，这使句子变得很长。要准确理解句子，需要厘清句子的结构，找到主语和谓语。如：
Mary, normally a shy girl, talked excitedly about her trip to China during the holidays.
2.并列句: 并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子，常见的并列连词有 and,or,but 等。要准确理解并列句，需要找到并列连词，弄清楚各分句之间的关系。如：
Learning a foreign language can help you understand a foreign culture, and understanding a foreign culture can help you better communicate with people from a different background.
The Internet is considered by many to be a source of information, and it is also thought of as a means of entertainment, but some people regard it as a monster.
3.主从复合句 :主从复合句是指含有从句的复合句。要准确理解主从复合句，需要分析句子结构，找到主句和从句，并识别从句的种类。如：
Unless you let me know you’re not coming, I'll see you at the cinema.
I still remember one afternoon two years ago, when we met for the first time at the school gate.
This means that what you do is more important than what you say.
4.并列主从复合句:有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有从句，我们称之为并列主从复合句。要准确理解这种复杂的句子，需要分析句子结构，弄清楚各分句以及主从句之间的逻辑关系。如：
I am interested in robots and I believe we can invent better robots for the benefit of people, so long as we continue to make efforts.
B. Applying the rules Page 49
B1. Rewrite the following sentences using proper linking words.
1. I was asked to write a 2,000-word essay. I decided to finish in two days. I would have time to read it before I handed it in.
When I was asked to write a 2,000-word essay, I decided to finish in two days so that I would have time to read it before I handed it in.
2. Patrick was a college student. He worked part-time in a company. He wanted to pay for his college education.
When Patrick was a college student, he worked part-time in a company because he wanted to pay for his college education.
3. The vocational education system often combines classroom learning with training in the workplace. Most students graduate not only with a clear understanding of their trade but also with work experience.
The vocational education system often combines classroom learning with training in the workplace, as a result of which most students graduate not only with a clear understanding of their trade but also with work experience.
trade行业;职业;生意
B2.The passage below is about Leon’s experience of vocational education in Germany.Complete it with proper linking words.
Leon wanted to become an electrician, (1) ____ like many young German students, he decided not to go to university but to choose a vocational training course instead. In Germany, (2) __________ someone wants to become an electrician, a photographer or a hotel manager, they will probably go through the vocational education system which combines theory in the classroom with practice in the workplace. elec·tri·cian / lek tr n/ 电工；电器技师
and
whether/if
Leon chose to work at an electrical company (3) ______ he had to spend three days a week. He also had to attend
school for 12 hours a week. At work, Leon learnt about his trade, which involved much drilling, and he kept a detailed journal of the new skills he acquired. At school, he attended classes relevant to his chosen occupation. These included
lessons (4) ___________ focused on topics like electrical circuits.
where
that/which
The company and the school operated independently of each other (5) ________ Leon had to show his grades to his manager at work. Over/In the course of his studies,Leon had to pass two exams. One was to highlight any gaps in his knowledge.The other was the final exam Leon sat to gain the necessary qualifications to become an electrician. Leon graduated after demonstrating the appropriate level of understanding and technical competence, (6) _______ he now anticipates a long and happy career as an electrician. sit (for) sth参加考试；应试
but/and
and/so
B3. In groups of three, one student starts a story on the topic of learning with a simple sentence. The second student adds a clause to make a compound or complex sentence. The third student adds another clause to make a compound-complex sentence. Take turns to continue the story. Use the example below to help you.
Example
A: I often visit the library.
B: Because I love reading, I often visit the library.
C: Because I love reading, I often visit the library, and I enjoy going to bookshops too.
A: One day, I met an old lady.
B: One day, when I went to a bookshop, I met an old lady.
C: ...
Possible answer
A: I often visit the library.
B: Because I love reading, I often visit the library.
C: Because I love reading, I often visit the library, and I enjoy going to bookshops too.
A: One day, I met an old lady.
B: One day, when I went to a bookshop, I met an old lady.
C: One day, when I went to a bookshop, I met an old lady, and something unexpected happened.
A: I was reading a book.
B: I was reading a book that I found interesting.
C: I was reading a book that I found interesting, but this old lady asked to have a look at the book.
A: I gave the old lady the book.
B: I gave the old lady the book and realized her face looked familiar.
C: I gave the old lady the book and realized her face looked familiar, so I asked if she lived in my neighbourhood.
A: The old lady smiled at me.
B: The old lady smiled at me and she gave me back the book.
C: The old lady smiled at me and she gave me back the book after she had a quick look.
A: I continued reading the book.
B: I continued reading the book, but I could not concentrate.
C: I continued reading the book, but I could not concentrate because I felt I knew who the old lady was.
A: I finished reading.
B: The moment I finished reading, I quickly checked the title page for the author information.
C: The moment I finished reading, I quickly checked the title page for the author information, and I got a great shock.
A: The author was the old lady.
B: The author was the old lady I met just now.
C: The author was the old lady I met just now, but I missed a rare chance to talk with her.
title page（书的）标题页，书名页，扉页
C.Rewrite the following sentences using proper linking words. Make all the necessary changes. Page 76
1. Many students love to go to libraries. Libraries can create a quiet atmosphere. In this atmosphere, students are more able to concentrate on reading and studying.
Many students love to go to libraries, as libraries create a quiet atmosphere where students are more able to concentrate on reading and studying.
2. The students experience a gap year. They have a broader view of life. They have better personal resources to draw on. They tend to be more independent. Being
independent is an important factor in academic research.
draw on/upon sth凭借;利用;动用;(时光)渐渐过去,荏苒
After the students experience a gap year, they have a broader view of life. As they have better personal resources to draw on, they tend to be more independent, which is an important factor in academic research.
3. We volunteer in our school or in our community. We help people. The people can’t find their way. The people need a little extra support. Volunteering makes a difference to these people.
We volunteer in our school or in our community to help people who can’t find their way or need a little extra support. Volunteering makes a difference to them.
4. Community service helps students become better aware of the world around them. It helps them realize how they can make their community a better place.They live in the community. It helps them gain real-life experience.
Community service helps students become better aware of the world around them,and also helps them realize how they can make the community they live in a better place and gain real-life experience.

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