Unit 2 Safety 知识点总结(单词 短语 句子 语法)2025秋新北师大版英语八年级上册

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Unit 2 Safety 知识点总结(单词 短语 句子 语法)2025秋新北师大版英语八年级上册

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【2022新课标】
2025秋新北师大版英语八年级上册
Unit 2 Safety
知识点总结
(单词+短语+句子+语法)
重点单词
名词(Nouns)
1. aid /e d/ 援助;急救
2. advice / d va s/ 建议(不可数)
3. accident / ks d nt/ 事故
4. arm /ɑ rm/ 手臂
5. burn /b rn/ 烧伤;燃烧
6. cause /k z/ 原因
7. danger / de nd r/ 危险
8. earthquake / rθkwe k/ 地震
9. emergency /i m rd nsi/ 紧急情况
10. fire / fa r/ 火;火灾
11. flood /fl d/ 洪水
12. ground /ɡra nd/ 地面
13. harm /hɑ rm/ 伤害
14. hazard / h z rd/ 危险;隐患
15. head /hed/ 头部
16. helmet / helm t/ 头盔
17. injury / nd ri/ 伤害
18. knee /ni / 膝盖
19. ladder / l d r/ 梯子
20. light /la t/ 灯;光
21. medicine / medsn/ 药
22. neck /nek/ 脖子
23. object / bd kt/ 物体
24. phone /f n/ 电话
25. rail /re l/ 栏杆;轨道
26. rescue / reskju / 救援
27. risk /r sk/ 风险
28. road /r d/ 道路
29. rule /ru l/ 规则
30. safety / se fti/ 安全
31. seat /si t/ 座位
32. shoulder / ld r/ 肩膀
33. sign /sa n/ 标志;指示牌
34. smoke /sm k/ 烟
35. stair /ste r/ 楼梯(常复数)
36. step /step/ 台阶
37. storm /st rm/ 暴风雨
38. street /stri t/ 街道
39. traffic / tr f k/ 交通
40. trouble / tr bl/ 麻烦
41. warning / w rn / 警告
42. window / w nd / 窗户
43. wound /wu nd/ 伤口
动词(Verbs)
44. rescue / reskju / 救援
45. burn /b rn/ 烧伤;燃烧
46. call /k l/ 呼叫;打电话
47. carry / k ri/ 携带
48. cause /k z/ 导致
49. check /t ek/ 检查
50. climb /kla m/ 爬;攀登
51. cross /kr s/ 横穿
52. die /da / 死亡
53. drive /dra v/ 驾驶
54. escape / ske p/ 逃跑
55. fall /f l/ 跌倒;落下
56. follow / f l / 跟随;遵守
57. harm /hɑ rm/ 伤害
58. hurt /h rt/ 受伤;疼痛
59. injure / nd r/ 使受伤
60. jump /d mp/ 跳跃
61. lift /l ft/ 抬起;举起
62. move /mu v/ 移动
63. notice / n t s/ 注意到
64. obey / be / 遵守
65. protect /pr tekt/ 保护
66. push /p / 推
67. bleed /bli d/ 流血
68. run /r n/ 跑
69. smoke /sm k/ 吸烟
70. step /step/ 迈步
71. stick /st k/ 卡住;粘贴
72. stop /st p/ 停止
73. stay /ste / 停留
74. warn /w rn/ 警告
形容词(Adjectives)
75. careful / ke rfl/ 小心的
76. dangerous / de nd r s/ 危险的
77. dead /ded/ 死的
78. electric / lektr k/ 电的
79. noisy / n zi/ 嘈杂的
80. safe /se f/ 安全的
81. serious / s ri s/ 严重的
82. sudden / s dn/ 突然的
副词(Adverbs)
83. downstairs / da n ste z/ 在楼下
84. outside / a t sa d/ 在外面
主要短语
1. 交通安全
1. cross the street 过马路
2. traffic lights 交通信号灯
3. wear a seatbelt 系安全带
4. obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则
5. speed limit 限速
6. get on/off the bus 上/下公交车
7. look both ways 左右看
8. pedestrian crossing 人行横道
9. ride a bike safely 安全骑行
10. in case of emergency 紧急情况下
2. 家庭安全
11. fire escape plan 火灾逃生计划
12. turn off the gas 关闭燃气
13. sharp objects 尖锐物品
14. electric shock 触电
15. keep...out of reach 放在够不到的地方
16. first aid kit 急救箱
17. call for help 呼救
18. prevent accidents 预防事故
19. smoke alarm 烟雾报警器
20. handle with care 小心轻放
3. 校园与户外安全
21. stay with the group 跟随团队
22. avoid strangers 避开陌生人
23. climb fences 攀爬围栏(危险行为)
24. play safely 安全玩耍
25. wear a helmet 戴头盔
26. slippery floor 湿滑地板
27. report to a teacher 向老师报告
28. dangerous areas 危险区域
29. follow instructions 听从指示
30. keep calm 保持冷静
4. 自然灾害与应急
31. earthquake drill 地震演练
32. take cover 躲避
33. emergency exit 紧急出口
34. flood warning 洪水预警
35. stay indoors 待在室内
36. evacuate the building 撤离建筑物
37. natural disaster 自然灾害
38. pack an emergency bag 准备应急包
39. stay away from... 远离……
40. ask for assistance 请求帮助
5. 网络安全与健康
41. online safety 网络安全
42. personal information 个人信息
43. strong password 强密码
44. cyberbullying 网络欺凌
45. be careful with... 谨慎对待……
46. healthy lifestyle 健康生活方式
47. wash hands frequently 勤洗手
48. keep a distance 保持距离
49. cover your mouth 捂住口鼻
50. stay safe and healthy 保持安全健康
重点句型句子
交通安全类
1. You must obey traffic rules when crossing the street.
(过马路时必须遵守交通规则。)
2. Always look both ways before you cross the road.
(过马路前务必左右看。)
3. It’s dangerous to ride a bike without wearing a helmet.
(不戴头盔骑自行车很危险。)
4. Never play on the road because you might get hit by a car.
(绝不在马路上玩耍,可能会被车撞到。)
5. The red light means you must stop and wait.
(红灯表示你必须停下等待。)
6. You should get on and off the bus in an orderly way.
(你应该有序上下公交车。)
家庭安全类
7. Don’t leave sharp objects where children can reach them.
(不要把尖锐物品放在孩子能拿到的地方。)
8. Make sure to turn off the gas after cooking.
(做完饭后一定要关掉燃气。)
9. If there’s a fire, use the fire escape plan to leave quickly.
(如果发生火灾,用逃生计划快速撤离。)
10. Never touch electrical appliances with wet hands.
(不要用湿手触碰电器。)
11. Keep the floor dry to avoid slipping.
(保持地板干燥以防滑倒。)
12. Call 119 immediately if you see a fire.
(如果看到火灾,立即拨打119。)
校园安全类
13. Students must follow the teacher’s instructions during drills.
(演练时学生必须听从老师的指示。)
14. Running in the hallway may cause accidents.
(在走廊奔跑可能导致事故。)
15. If you see someone bullying others, report it to a teacher.
(如果你看到有人欺负别人,要向老师报告。)
16. Don’t climb fences or trees in the schoolyard.
(不要攀爬校园里的围栏或树木。)
17. Wear sports shoes during P.E. class to prevent injuries.
(体育课上穿运动鞋以防受伤。)
18. Keep your schoolbag organized to avoid tripping.
(整理好书包以防绊倒。)
自然灾害与应急类
19. If an earthquake happens, take cover under a strong table.
(如果发生地震,躲到结实的桌子下面。)
20. Stay indoors during a storm to avoid lightning strikes.
(暴风雨期间待在室内以防雷击。)
21. When you hear a flood warning, move to higher ground.
(听到洪水警报时,转移到高处。)
22. Don’t use elevators during an earthquake.
(地震时不要使用电梯。)
23. Every family should prepare an emergency bag with food and water.
(每个家庭都应准备装有食物和水的应急包。)
24. If you’re lost, stay calm and ask for help.
(如果迷路了,保持冷静并求助。)
网络安全与健康
25. Never share your personal information with strangers online.
(切勿在网上向陌生人透露个人信息。)
26. Use strong passwords to protect your accounts.
(使用强密码保护账户。)
27. If someone cyberbullies you, tell your parents or teachers.
(如果有人网络霸凌你,告诉父母或老师。)
28. Be careful when clicking on unknown links.
(点击陌生链接时要小心。)
29. Wash your hands frequently to stay healthy.
(勤洗手以保持健康。)
30. Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
(咳嗽或打喷嚏时捂住嘴。)
建议与警告
31. You should always be careful when using knives.
(使用刀具时一定要小心。)
32. It’s important to learn basic first aid skills.
(学习基本的急救技能很重要。)
33. Don’t swim in deep water if you’re not a good swimmer.
(如果游泳技术不好,不要在深水区游泳。)
34. Make sure your bike has working brakes before riding.
(骑车前确保刹车正常。)
35. If you smell gas, don’t turn on the lights.
(如果闻到燃气味,不要开灯。)
36. Keep a safe distance from wild animals.
(与野生动物保持安全距离。)
情态动词表达
37. You mustn’t play with matches.
(禁止玩火柴。)
38. You should wear a life jacket when boating.
(划船时应穿救生衣。)
39. Children mustn’t talk to strangers.
(孩子不能和陌生人说话。)
40. You ought to check the expiration date of medicine.
(你应该检查药品的保质期。)
41. We have to follow safety rules to stay safe.
(我们必须遵守安全规则以确保安全。)
42. You’d better not walk alone at night.
(你最好不要夜间独自行走。)
条件句与假设
43. If you see a fire, call the fire department immediately.
(如果看到火灾,立即拨打消防电话。)
44. Unless you wear a seatbelt, you may get hurt in an accident.
(除非系安全带,否则事故中可能受伤。)
45. In case of an emergency, stay calm and follow instructions.
(遇到紧急情况时,保持冷静并听从指示。)
46. If you feel sick, tell an adult right away.
(如果感到不适,立即告诉大人。)
语法点
本单元语法包括一些情态动词和不定代词的用法等。
情态动词 must、mustn't、have to、don't have to 用法
一)基本含义与区别
情态动词 含义 强调重点 否定形式
must 必须(主观义务/规则) 说话人认为有必要 mustn't(禁止)
have to 必须(客观要求) 外部规则或必要性 don't have to(不必)
核心区别:
1. must 主观(个人认为必须做)。
- You must finish your homework.(我认为你必须完成。)
2. have to 客观(规则/环境要求)。
- I have to wear a uniform at school.(学校规定必须穿。)
3. mustn't 禁止(绝对不允许)。
- You mustn’t smoke here.(这里严禁吸烟。)
4. don’t have to 不必(没有义务,但可以做)。
- You don’t have to come tomorrow.(明天你不必来,但你想来也可以。)
二)句型结构与例句
1. must / mustn't 的用法
肯定句:必须做某事
主语 + must + 动词原形
- Students must listen to the teacher in class.(学生上课必须听讲。)
- You must wash your hands before eating.(吃饭前必须洗手。)
否定句:禁止做某事
主语 + mustn't + 动词原形
- You mustn’t talk during the exam.(考试期间禁止说话。)
- Children mustn’t play with fire.(孩子禁止玩火。)
疑问句:必须做某事吗?
Must + 主语 + 动词原形?
- Must I finish this today (我今天必须完成这个吗?)
- Must we wear a helmet (我们必须戴头盔吗?)
2. have to / don’t have to 的用法
肯定句:必须(客观要求)
主语 + have to + 动词原形
(注意:第三人称单数用 has to)
- She has to go to work early.(她必须早去上班。)
- We have to follow the rules.(我们必须遵守规则。)
否定句:不必(没有义务)
主语 + don’t/doesn’t have to + 动词原形
- You don’t have to bring food.(你不必带食物。)
- He doesn’t have to attend the meeting.(他不必参加会议。)
疑问句:必须做某事吗?
Do/Does + 主语 + have to + 动词原形?
- Do I have to pay now (我现在必须付钱吗?)
- Does she have to wear a mask (她必须戴口罩吗?)
三)使用场景对比
1. must vs. have to
情境 例句(must) 例句(have to)
主观要求(个人认为) You must apologize.(你必须道歉。) (不适用)
客观规则(法律/学校规定) (较少用) You have to stop at red lights.(红灯必须停车。)
紧急情况 We must leave now!(必须马上走!) (不适用)
2. mustn't vs. don’t have to
情境 例句(mustn't) 例句(don’t have to)
禁止(绝对不能做) You mustn’t cheat.(禁止作弊。) (不适用)
不必(可做可不做) (不适用) You don’t have to come.(你不必来。)
四)易错点与特殊用法
1. must 没有过去式!
- 过去时要用 had to 代替 must。
- Yesterday, I had to finish my project.(昨天我必须完成项目。) musted(错误)
2. must 和 have to 在否定句中的区别
- mustn’t = 禁止(绝对不能做)
- You mustn’t swim here.(禁止在此游泳。)
- don’t have to = 不必(可以做,但不是必须)
- You don’t have to swim if you don’t want to.(如果不想游,你不必游。)
3. must 表示“肯定推测”
- 在肯定句中,must 可表示“一定”(逻辑推断)。
- She must be tired.(她一定累了。)
- It must be raining outside.(外面一定在下雨。)
整体总结下:
- must → 主观必须 / mustn’t → 禁止
- have to → 客观必须 / don’t have to → 不必
- must 没有过去式,需用 had to 替代。
- must 还可表示肯定推测(“一定”)。
五)练一下
选择正确的情态动词填空:
1. You ______ (must / mustn’t) touch the hot stove.
2. Students ______ (have to / must) wear uniforms at this school.
3. We ______ (don’t have to / mustn’t) go to school on Sundays.
4. She ______ (must / has to) take medicine every day.
5. You ______ (mustn’t / don’t have to) worry. I’ll help you.
答案:
1. mustn’t(禁止)
2. have to(校规要求)
3. don’t have to(不必)
4. has to(客观需要)
5. don’t have to(不必担心)
情态动词 should / shouldn’t 用法
一)基本含义与核心区别
情态动词 含义 语气强度 否定形式
should 应该(建议/义务) 温和建议或道德义务 shouldn’t(不应该)
ought to 应当(更正式) 比 should 稍强 ought not to(少用)
核心特点:
1. should 表示 建议、义务或合理行为,语气比 must 更温和。
- You should eat more vegetables.(你应该多吃蔬菜。)
2. shouldn’t 表示 反对或警告,语气比 mustn’t 更弱。
- You shouldn’t stay up late.(你不该熬夜。)
3. should 无时态变化,所有人称通用(I/you/he should...)。
二)句型结构与例句
1. 肯定句:建议/义务
主语 + should + 动词原形
- You should drink more water.(你应该多喝水。)
- Students should respect their teachers.(学生应尊敬老师。)
- He should apologize for his mistake.(他应该为错误道歉。)
2. 否定句:反对/警告
主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形
- You shouldn’t ignore your health.(你不该忽视健康。)
- She shouldn’t eat so much junk food.(她不该吃这么多垃圾食品。)
- We shouldn’t waste natural resources.(我们不应浪费自然资源。)
3. 疑问句:征求意见
Should + 主语 + 动词原形?
- Should I call the doctor (我应该打电话给医生吗?)
- Should we leave now (我们现在该走了吗?)
- What should I do next (我下一步该做什么?)
三)使用场景
1. 给出建议(最常用)
- You should try this new restaurant.(你该试试这家新餐厅。)
- He should ask for help if he’s confused.(如果困惑,他该寻求帮助。)
2. 表达义务或责任(比 must 温和)
- Parents should take care of their children.(父母应照顾孩子。)
- We should protect the environment.(我们应保护环境。)
3. 提出批评或后悔(过去应该做但未做)
- You should have studied harder.(你本该更努力学习的。→ 实际没做到)
- I shouldn’t have shouted at her.(我不该对她大喊大叫。→ 实际做了)
四)特殊用法与易错点
1. should 表示“推测”
- 用于合理推断,语气比 must(肯定)弱,比 might(可能)强。
- It’s 10 AM. They should be at work now.(上午10点了,他们现在应该在上班。)
2. should 与 ought to 的区别
- ought to 更正式,多用于书面或强调道德义务。
- You ought to tell the truth.(你应当说实话。)
- should 更口语化,日常建议更常用。
3. should 在虚拟语气中的用法
- 用于 If I were you... 句型中,表示假设建议:
- If I were you, I should quit smoking.(如果我是你,我会戒烟。)
4. shouldn’t 与 mustn’t 的区别
情态动词 语气 例句
shouldn’t 建议不做(但可做) You shouldn’t eat before swimming.(不建议游泳前吃东西。)
mustn’t 绝对禁止 You mustn’t swim after drinking.(禁止酒后游泳。)
五)常见错误纠正
错误:He should to go now.
正确:He should go now.(should 后直接加动词原形,不加 to)
错误:You should not to be late.
正确:You shouldn’t be late.
错误:Should we to bring gifts
正确:Should we bring gifts
整体总结下:
- should 建议/义务,语气温和。
- shouldn’t 反对/警告,非绝对禁止。
- 疑问句:Should I... 用于征求意见。
- 易错点:should 后直接加动词原形,不加 to。
六)练一下
选择正确的形式填空:
1. You ______ (should / shouldn’t) listen to loud music for too long.
2. ______ (Should / Ought) I wear a coat today
3. They ______ (shouldn’t / mustn’t) park here. It’s illegal.
4. She ______ (should / should have) called me yesterday.
5. We ______ (shouldn’t / don’t have to) waste water.
答案:
1. shouldn’t(不建议)
2. Should(征求意见)
3. mustn’t(禁止)
4. should have(本应做但未做)
5. shouldn’t(道德义务)
英语不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns) 全面讲解
不定代词,用于指代不特定的人、事物或数量,在英语中使用频率极高。
一)不定代词的定义
不定代词指代不明确的人或物,通常不特指某个名词,而是泛指一类人或事物。例如:
- Someone is knocking at the door.(有人在敲门。)
- Everything is ready.(一切都准备好了。)
二)不定代词的分类
不定代词可分为 单数、复数、可单可复 三类:
1. 单数不定代词(接单数动词)
代词 含义 例句
someone / somebody 某人 Someone called you.(有人给你打电话了。)
anyone / anybody 任何人 Anyone can join the club.(任何人都可以加入俱乐部。)
no one / nobody 没有人 Nobody knows the answer.(没人知道答案。)
something 某事/物 Something is wrong.(有什么不对劲。)
anything 任何事/物 Do you need anything (你需要什么吗?)
nothing 没有事/物 Nothing happened.(什么都没发生。)
everyone / everybody 每个人 Everyone is here.(大家都在这里。)
everything 一切 Everything is possible.(一切皆有可能。)
each 每一个 Each of them has a ticket.(他们每人有一张票。)
either 两者之一 Either of the books is fine.(两本书随便哪本都行。)
neither 两者都不 Neither of them is correct.(两个都不对。)
注意:
- everyone / everybody 指人,everything 指物。
- no one / nobody 本身是否定词,不能与 not 连用( No one didn’t come. → No one came.)。
2. 复数不定代词(接复数动词)
代词 含义 例句
both 两者都 Both of them are students.(他们俩都是学生。)
few 很少(否定) Few understand this theory.(很少人懂这个理论。)
a few 一些(肯定) A few people are waiting.(有几个人在等。)
many 许多 Many have tried.(许多人尝试过。)
several 几个 Several of the books are missing.(有几本书不见了。)
注意:
- few(几乎没有,否定) vs. a few(有一些,肯定)。
- both 指“两者都”,后接复数动词。
3. 可单可复的不定代词(视情况而定)
代词 含义 例句(单数) 例句(复数)
all 全部 All the milk is gone.(牛奶全喝完了。) All the students are here.(所有学生都到了。)
some 一些 Some of the cake is left.(还剩一些蛋糕。) Some of the apples are bad.(有些苹果坏了。)
any 任何 Any of this is acceptable.(任何一点都可以。) Any of these are fine.(随便哪个都行。)
none 没有 None of the money was stolen.(钱一分没丢。) None of the answers were correct.(答案全错。)
most 大多数 Most of the work is done.(大部分工作完成了。) Most of the people are happy.(大多数人很开心。)
注意:
- none 后接 of + 复数名词 时,动词可用单数(正式)或复数(非正式)。
- None of the students has passed.(正式)
- None of the students have passed.(非正式)
三)不定代词的特殊用法
1. 不定代词 + 形容词 / 不定式
- something / anything / nothing + 形容词
- I want to eat something sweet.(我想吃点甜的。)
- Is there anything interesting to watch (有什么有趣的可看吗?)
- someone / anybody / nobody + to do
- We need someone to help us.(我们需要有人帮忙。)
- There’s nothing to worry about.(没什么可担心的。)
2. 不定代词与否定句
- not + any = no
- I don’t have any money. = I have no money.(我没钱。)
- not + anyone = no one
- I didn’t see anyone. = I saw no one.(我没看见任何人。)
3. 不定代词与疑问句
- anything / anyone 用于疑问句和否定句
- Do you know anyone here (你认识这里的谁吗?)
- I don’t have anything to say.(我无话可说。)
- something / someone 用于肯定句或建议
- Would you like something to drink (想喝点什么吗?)
四)常见错误与纠正
错误:Every student should bring their book.(everyone 是单数,不能用 their)
正确:Every student should bring his or her book.(或改用复数:All students should bring their books.)
错误:Someone are waiting for you.(someone 是单数)
正确:Someone is waiting for you.
错误:I don’t know nothing.(双重否定错误)
正确:I don’t know anything. 或 I know nothing.
整体总结下:
- 单数不定代词(someone, nothing)接单数动词。
- 复数不定代词(both, many)接复数动词。
- 可单可复(all, some)取决于所指代的名词。
- 否定句用 any- / no- 系列(anything → nothing)。
- 疑问句多用 any-(anyone, anything)。
五)练一下
1. ______ (Someone / Anyone) left a message for you.
2. ______ (Neither / None) of the answers is correct.
3. Would you like ______ (something / anything) to eat
4. ______ (Few / A few) people understood the joke.
5. ______ (All / Both) of the information is accurate.
答案:
1. Someone
2. Neither
3. something
4. Few
5. All

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