资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
被动语态 Passive Voice
一、主动语态与被动语态的基本概念
主动语态： 强调“谁做了动作”，主语是动作的发出者
Tom cleans the room.
(汤姆打扫房间。“汤姆”是动作“打扫”的发出者)
被动语态： 强调“动作被谁做”，主语是动作的承受者
The room is cleaned by Tom.
(房间被汤姆打扫。“房间”是动作“打扫”的承受者)
强调“谁做了动作”，主语是动作的发出者
二、被动语态的核心结构
句式： 主语 +be 动词 +动词过去分词 + (by+动作发出者)
“by+动作发出者”表示“__________”，如果动作发出者不明确或不重要，可省略。
三、被动语态转换的步骤
步骤:
1.找主动句的宾语，作为被动句的主语;
2.根据主动句的时态，确定被动句中be动词的形式;
3.将主动句的谓语动词变为过去分词;
4.(可选)用“by+原主动句主语”表示动作发出者，放在句末。
1.一般现在时的被动语态
结构:主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 + (by+动作发出者)
主动:People speak English in many countries.(许多国家的人说英语。)
被动: English is spoken by people in many countries.(英语被许多国家的人使用。)
主动:She waters the flowers every day.(她每天浇花。)
被动:____________________________________________________
(花每天被她浇。)
主动:We clean the classroom after school.(我们放学后打扫教室。)
被动:___________________________________________
(教室放学后被我们打扫。)
2.一般过去时的被动语态
结构:主语+was/were +动词过去分词 +(by+动作发出者)
主动:They built this bridge last year.(他们去年建了这座桥。)
被动:This bridge was built by them last year.(这座桥去年被他们建成。)
主动:He broke the window yesterday.(他昨天打破了窗户。)
被动:_______________________________________________
(窗户昨天被他打破。)
主动:We held a party last week. (我们上周举办了一场派对。)
被动:______________________________________
(一场派对上周被我们举办。)
3.一般将来时的被动语态
结构:主语+will be / be going to be +过去分词 +(by+动作发出者)
主动:They will plant trees tomorrow.(他们明天要种树。)
被动:Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.(树明天将被他们种植。)
主动:My mom will cook dinner tonight.(妈妈今晚要做晚饭。)
被动:_______________________________________________
(晚饭今晚将被妈妈做。)
主动:We are going to build a new park here(我们将要在这里建一个新公园。)
被动:________________________________________
(这里将要建一个新公园。)
四、被动语态句式变换
1. 一般现在时被动语态(结构:am/is/are+过去分词)
肯定句
The classroom is cleaned every day. (教室每天被打扫。)
否定句(在 am/is/are后加 not)
The classroom _________________every day.(教室不是每天都被打扫。)
一般疑问句(将am/is/are提前)
__________________________ every day (教室每天都被打扫吗 )
特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)
_______________ is the classroom cleaned (教室多久被打扫一次 )
一般过去时被动语态(结构:was/were +过去分词)
肯定句
The letter was sent yesterday.(这封信昨天被寄出了。)
否定句(在was/were后加 not)
The letter_________________yesterday.(这封信昨天没被寄出。)
一般疑问句(将was/were提前)
______________________________ yesterday (这封信昨天被寄出了吗 )
特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)
_____________________ was the letter sent (这封信什么时候被寄出的 )
一般将来时被动语态(结构:will be/ be going to +过去分词)
肯定句
The project will be finished next month.(这个项目下个月将被完成。)
否定句(在 will 后加not，可缩写为won't)
The project ____________________ next month.(这个项目下个月不会被完成。)
一般疑问句(将 will 提前)
______________________________ next month (这个项目下个月会被完成吗 )
特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)
______________ will the project be finished (这个项目什么时候会被完成 )
转换规律总结:
否定句:在 ________动词(am/is/are/was/were)或________ 后加 not;
一般疑问句:将be 动词或will 提前到______________;
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(what/when/how 等)+______________语序。
五、被动语态的特殊情况
1.主动表被动(主语是动作承受者，但用主动形式)
某些动词或句型中，主语虽为动作的承受者，却用主动语态表达被动含义，常见于以下情况:
感官动词/系动词+形容词
如 look, sound, smell, taste, feel等，后+形容词时，主动表被动。
The flower smells sweet.
表示“主语内在属性”的动词,描述主语本身的特性时，主动表被动，
如 write, read, sell, wash, cook, wear 等, 常与well, easily等副词搭配。
The books sell well. (这些书卖得好。)
___________________________________(这支笔写起 来很流畅。)
（3）主语+be + adj.+to do：
“be+不定式”表被动
The question is easy to answer. (这个问容易回答。)
___________________________________(这个房间住起来很舒服。)
某些固定搭配，如need, require, want +doing
= need/require/want+ to be done 需要被......
______________________________
_____________________________________
(这辆自行车需要修理。)
2.被动语态中还原不定式符号to
在主动语态中，某些使役动词(make, let, have)和感官动词(see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等)后接不定式作宾补时，不定式不带to;但变为被动语态时，必须还原to。
(1)使役动词:make / let / have
主动:The teacher made him finish the work.(老师让他完成作业。)
被动:He was made to finish the work by the teacher.
(2)感官动词:see / watch / hear / notice / feel
主动:I heard her sing in the room.(我听见她在房间里唱歌。)
被动:She _______________________in the room.
Exercise
一、一般现在时主动变被动
1.People speak Chinese in China.
→Chinese_______________by people in China.
He teaches English.
→English___________________by him.
3.The dog chases the cat.
→The cat__________________________by the dog.
My mom cooks meals every day.
→ Meals_____________________by my mom every day.
We use computers in class.
→Computers_________________by us in class.
She helps the old man.
→ The old man______________________by her.
The teacher explains the lesson.
→ The lesson______________by the teacher.
They make toys in this factory.
→ Toys______________________in this factory by them.
I water the plants.
→The plants__________________by me.
Tom feeds the dog.
→ The dog _________________________by Tom.
Many students learn English.
→English_____________________by many students.
The workers build the house.
→ The house_____________________by the workers.
She washes clothes every day.
→ Clothes_______________________________by her every day.
二 、一般过去时主动变被动
1.He broke the window. → The window_____________by him.
2.We visited the museum last month.→The museum____________by us last month.
3.She wrote a letter to her friend. → A letter_____________to her friend by her.
4.They finished the work yesterday. →The work______________by them yesterday.
5.The rain stopped the game. → The game___________________by the rain.
6.Dad repaired the bike. → The bike___________________by dad.
7.I saw a bird in the tree. → A bird ___________________in the tree by me.
8.The students painted the wall. →The wall ____________________by the students.
9.Mom bought a gift for me. → A gift________________for me by mom.
10.He told a story. → A story__________________by him.
11.He wrote a letter yesterday.→ A letter ___________________by him yesterday.
12.They saw a tiger in the zoo. →A tiger_________________by them in the zoo.
13.My dad fixed the bike last week.
→ The bike______________________by my dad last week.
三、一般将来时主动变被动
1.They will plant trees. → Trees_____________________by them.
2.We will have a test tomorrow. → A test_______________by us tomorrow.
3.She will make a cake. →A cake__________________by her.
4.The teacher will give us homework.
→ Homework___________________to us by the teacher.
5.They will build a new school. → A new school_____________________by them.
6.I will finish the report. → The report_________________________by me.
7.He will send an email. →An email_______________________by him.
8.We will hold a meeting. → A meeting______________________by us.
9.The workers will fix the road→ The road_____________________by the workers.
10.Mom will cook dinner. →Dinner_________________by mom.
11.We will hold a meeting. → A meeting___________________by us.
12.The teacher will give us homework.
→ Homework__________________by the teacher.
They will paint the wall. → The wall_______________________by them.
四、被动句变主动句
1.The song is sung by her. → She _________the song.
2.Books are read by students.→Students_____________books.
3.The letter was written by Tom. → Tom __________the letter.
4.The room was cleaned by them. →They _______________the room.
5.A cake will be made by my sister. →My sister_______________a cake.
6.The car is repaired by the mechanic.→The mechanic__________the car.
7.The story was told by grandpa. →Grandpa_____________the story.
8.Flowers are watered by Lily.→ Lily __________flowers.
9.The work will be finished by us. →We__________the work.
10.The picture was drawn by Lucy. →Lucy ________________the picture.
11.The book is read by me. → I_________________the book.
12.The cake was made by my sister.→ My sister_____________the cake.
13.The letter will be sent by Tom. →Tom_______________the letter.
五．句式转换
1.The old photos are kept in the box. (这些旧照片被放在盒子里。)
→ 改为否定句:_______________________________________________
2.A new bridge was built over the river last year.(去年河上建了一座新桥。)
→改为一般疑问句:__________________________________________________
3.The problem will be discussed at the meeting.(这个问题将在会议上被讨论。)
对划线部分提问:__________________________________________________
4.Vegetables are grown in this field by farmers.(农民在这片地里种蔬菜。)
→改为否定句:__________________________________________________
The thief was caught by the police yesterday.(小偷昨天被警察抓住了。)
→对划线部分提问:____________________________________________
6.Our school will be visited by foreign teachers next month.(下个月外国老师将参观我们学校。)
→ 改为一般疑问句:_______________________________________________
7.The classroom is cleaned by students every morning.(学生们每天早上打扫教室。) 对划线部分提问:-______________________________________________
8.This song was written by a young musician.(这首歌是一位年轻音乐家写的。)
→改为否定句:________________________________________________
9.A new library will be built in our town.(我们镇上将建一座新图书馆。)
→对划线部分提问:______________________________________________-
The letters are delivered by the postman every day.(邮递员每天送信。)
→ 改为一般疑问句:_____________________________________________中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
被动语态 Passive Voice
一、主动语态与被动语态的基本概念
主动语态： 强调“谁做了动作”，主语是动作的发出者
Tom cleans the room.
(汤姆打扫房间。“汤姆”是动作“打扫”的发出者)
被动语态： 强调“动作被谁做”，主语是动作的承受者
The room is cleaned by Tom.
(房间被汤姆打扫。“房间”是动作“打扫”的承受者)
强调“谁做了动作”，主语是动作的发出者
二、被动语态的核心结构
句式： 主语 +be 动词 +动词过去分词 + (by+动作发出者)
“by+动作发出者”表示“__________”，如果动作发出者不明确或不重要，可省略。
答案：被...
三、被动语态转换的步骤
步骤:
1.找主动句的宾语，作为被动句的主语;
2.根据主动句的时态，确定被动句中be动词的形式;
3.将主动句的谓语动词变为过去分词;
4.(可选)用“by+原主动句主语”表示动作发出者，放在句末。
1.一般现在时的被动语态
结构:主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 + (by+动作发出者)
主动:People speak English in many countries.(许多国家的人说英语。)
被动: English is spoken by people in many countries.(英语被许多国家的人使用。)
主动:She waters the flowers every day.(她每天浇花。)
被动:____________________________________________________
(花每天被她浇。)
答案：The flowers are watered by her every day.
主动:We clean the classroom after school.(我们放学后打扫教室。)
被动:___________________________________________
(教室放学后被我们打扫。)
答案：The classroom is cleaned by us after school.
2.一般过去时的被动语态
结构:主语+was/were +动词过去分词 +(by+动作发出者)
主动:They built this bridge last year.(他们去年建了这座桥。)
被动:This bridge was built by them last year.(这座桥去年被他们建成。)
主动:He broke the window yesterday.(他昨天打破了窗户。)
被动:_______________________________________________
(窗户昨天被他打破。)
答案：The window was broken by him yesterday.
主动:We held a party last week. (我们上周举办了一场派对。)
被动:______________________________________
(一场派对上周被我们举办。)
答案：A party was held last week.
3.一般将来时的被动语态
结构:主语+will be / be going to be +过去分词 +(by+动作发出者)
主动:They will plant trees tomorrow.(他们明天要种树。)
被动:Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.(树明天将被他们种植。)
主动:My mom will cook dinner tonight.(妈妈今晚要做晚饭。)
被动:_______________________________________________
(晚饭今晚将被妈妈做。)
答案：The dinner will be cooked by my mom.
主动:We are going to build a new park here(我们将要在这里建一个新公园。)
被动:________________________________________
(这里将要建一个新公园。)
答案：A new park is going to be built here by us.
四、被动语态句式变换
1. 一般现在时被动语态(结构:am/is/are+过去分词)
肯定句
The classroom is cleaned every day. (教室每天被打扫。)
否定句(在 am/is/are后加 not)
The classroom _________________every day.(教室不是每天都被打扫。)
答案：is not cleaned
一般疑问句(将am/is/are提前)
__________________________ every day (教室每天都被打扫吗 )
答案：Is the classroom cleaned
特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)
_______________ is the classroom cleaned (教室多久被打扫一次 )
答案：How often
一般过去时被动语态(结构:was/were +过去分词)
肯定句
The letter was sent yesterday.(这封信昨天被寄出了。)
否定句(在was/were后加 not)
The letter_________________yesterday.(这封信昨天没被寄出。)
答案：was not sent
一般疑问句(将was/were提前)
______________________________ yesterday (这封信昨天被寄出了吗 )
答案：Was the letter sent
特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)
_____________________ was the letter sent (这封信什么时候被寄出的 )
答案：When
一般将来时被动语态(结构:will be/ be going to +过去分词)
肯定句
The project will be finished next month.(这个项目下个月将被完成。)
否定句(在 will 后加not，可缩写为won't)
The project ____________________ next month.(这个项目下个月不会被完成。)
答案：will not be finished
一般疑问句(将 will 提前)
______________________________ next month (这个项目下个月会被完成吗 )
答案：Will the project be finished
特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)
______________ will the project be finished (这个项目什么时候会被完成 )
答案：When
转换规律总结:
否定句:在 ________动词(am/is/are/was/were)或________ 后加 not;
一般疑问句:将be 动词或will 提前到______________;
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(what/when/how 等)+______________语序。
答案：be will 句首 一般疑问句
五、被动语态的特殊情况
1.主动表被动(主语是动作承受者，但用主动形式)
某些动词或句型中，主语虽为动作的承受者，却用主动语态表达被动含义，常见于以下情况:
感官动词/系动词+形容词
如 look, sound, smell, taste, feel等，后+形容词时，主动表被动。
The flower smells sweet.
表示“主语内在属性”的动词,描述主语本身的特性时，主动表被动，
如 write, read, sell, wash, cook, wear 等, 常与well, easily等副词搭配。
The books sell well. (这些书卖得好。)
___________________________________(这支笔写起 来很流畅。)
答案：The pen writes smoothly.
（3）主语+be + adj.+to do：
“be+不定式”表被动
The question is easy to answer. (这个问容易回答。)
___________________________________(这个房间住起来很舒服。)
答案：The room is comfortable to live in.
某些固定搭配，如need, require, want +doing
= need/require/want+ to be done 需要被......
______________________________
_____________________________________
(这辆自行车需要修理。)
答案： The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.
2.被动语态中还原不定式符号to
在主动语态中，某些使役动词(make, let, have)和感官动词(see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等)后接不定式作宾补时，不定式不带to;但变为被动语态时，必须还原to。
(1)使役动词:make / let / have
主动:The teacher made him finish the work.(老师让他完成作业。)
被动:He was made to finish the work by the teacher.
(2)感官动词:see / watch / hear / notice / feel
主动:I heard her sing in the room.(我听见她在房间里唱歌。)
被动:She _______________________in the room.
答案：was heard to sing
Exercise
一、一般现在时主动变被动
1.People speak Chinese in China.
→Chinese_______________by people in China.
He teaches English.
→English___________________by him.
3.The dog chases the cat.
→The cat__________________________by the dog.
My mom cooks meals every day.
→ Meals_____________________by my mom every day.
We use computers in class.
→Computers_________________by us in class.
She helps the old man.
→ The old man______________________by her.
The teacher explains the lesson.
→ The lesson______________by the teacher.
They make toys in this factory.
→ Toys______________________in this factory by them.
I water the plants.
→The plants__________________by me.
Tom feeds the dog.
→ The dog _________________________by Tom.
Many students learn English.
→English_____________________by many students.
The workers build the house.
→ The house_____________________by the workers.
She washes clothes every day.
→ Clothes_______________________________by her every day.
答案：1. is spoken 2.is taught 3.is chased 4.are cooked 5.are used
is helped 7.is explained 8.are made 9.are watered 10.is fed
11.is learnt 12.is built 13.are washed
二 、一般过去时主动变被动
1.He broke the window. → The window_____________by him.
2.We visited the museum last month.→The museum____________by us last month.
3.She wrote a letter to her friend. → A letter_____________to her friend by her.
4.They finished the work yesterday. →The work______________by them yesterday.
5.The rain stopped the game. → The game___________________by the rain.
6.Dad repaired the bike. → The bike___________________by dad.
7.I saw a bird in the tree. → A bird ___________________in the tree by me.
8.The students painted the wall. →The wall ____________________by the students.
9.Mom bought a gift for me. → A gift________________for me by mom.
10.He told a story. → A story__________________by him.
11.He wrote a letter yesterday.→ A letter ___________________by him yesterday.
12.They saw a tiger in the zoo. →A tiger_________________by them in the zoo.
13.My dad fixed the bike last week.
→ The bike______________________by my dad last week.
答案：1.was broken 2.was visited 3.was written 4.was finished 5.was stopped
was repaired 7.was seen 8.was painted 9.was bought 10.was told
11.was written 12.was seen 13.was fixed
三、一般将来时主动变被动
1.They will plant trees. → Trees_____________________by them.
2.We will have a test tomorrow. → A test_______________by us tomorrow.
3.She will make a cake. →A cake__________________by her.
4.The teacher will give us homework.
→ Homework___________________to us by the teacher.
5.They will build a new school. → A new school_____________________by them.
6.I will finish the report. → The report_________________________by me.
7.He will send an email. →An email_______________________by him.
8.We will hold a meeting. → A meeting______________________by us.
9.The workers will fix the road→ The road_____________________by the workers.
10.Mom will cook dinner. →Dinner_________________by mom.
11.We will hold a meeting. → A meeting___________________by us.
12.The teacher will give us homework.
→ Homework__________________by the teacher.
13.They will paint the wall. → The wall_______________________by them.
答案：1.will be plant 2.will be had 3.will be made 4.will be given 5.will be built
will be reported 7.will be sent 8.will be held 9.will be fixed 10.will be cooked
11.will be held 12.will be given 13.will be painted
四、被动句变主动句
1.The song is sung by her. → She _________the song.
2.Books are read by students.→Students_____________books.
3.The letter was written by Tom. → Tom __________the letter.
4.The room was cleaned by them. →They _______________the room.
5.A cake will be made by my sister. →My sister_______________a cake.
6.The car is repaired by the mechanic.→The mechanic__________the car.
7.The story was told by grandpa. →Grandpa_____________the story.
8.Flowers are watered by Lily.→ Lily __________flowers.
9.The work will be finished by us. →We__________the work.
10.The picture was drawn by Lucy. →Lucy ________________the picture.
11.The book is read by me. → I_________________the book.
12.The cake was made by my sister.→ My sister_____________the cake.
13.The letter will be sent by Tom. →Tom_______________the letter.
答案：1.sings 2.read 3.wrote 4.cleaned 5.will make 6.repairs 7.told 8.waters
9.will finish 10.drew 11.read 12.made 13.will send
五．句式转换
1.The old photos are kept in the box. (这些旧照片被放在盒子里。)
→ 改为否定句:_______________________________________________
2.A new bridge was built over the river last year.(去年河上建了一座新桥。)
→改为一般疑问句:__________________________________________________
3.The problem will be discussed at the meeting.(这个问题将在会议上被讨论。)
对划线部分提问:__________________________________________________
4.Vegetables are grown in this field by farmers.(农民在这片地里种蔬菜。)
→改为否定句:__________________________________________________
The thief was caught by the police yesterday.(小偷昨天被警察抓住了。)
→对划线部分提问:____________________________________________
6.Our school will be visited by foreign teachers next month.(下个月外国老师将参观我们学校。)
→ 改为一般疑问句:_______________________________________________
7.The classroom is cleaned by students every morning.(学生们每天早上打扫教室。) 对划线部分提问:-______________________________________________
8.This song was written by a young musician.(这首歌是一位年轻音乐家写的。)
→改为否定句:________________________________________________
9.A new library will be built in our town.(我们镇上将建一座新图书馆。)
→对划线部分提问:______________________________________________-
The letters are delivered by the postman every day.(邮递员每天送信。)
→ 改为一般疑问句:_____________________________________________
答案：
1.The old photos are not kept in the box.
2.Was a new bridge built over the river last year
Where will the problem be discussed
Vegetables are not grown in this field by farmers.
Who caught the thief yesterday
Will our school be visited by foreign teachers next month
How often is the classroom cleaned by students
This song was not written by a young musician.
What will be built in our town
The letters are not delivered by the postman every day.

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