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(共45张PPT)
New Concept English
Book 3 Lesson 8
part 1
lead in
A famous monastery
单词：monastery n. 寺院，修道院
扩展： Cathédrale Notre Dame De Paris（巴黎圣母院）
A famous monastery
扩展： 4·15巴黎圣母院火灾事故
part 2
the text
(1) The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
单词：St. Bernard 圣伯纳德
单词：pass n. 关隘
扩展：pass vs. past
pass v. _______________________________________
past prep. /adj. /n. _______________________
经过，路过；（时间）流逝；通过；递交
经过，超过；过去（的）
(1) The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
词组：connect…to/with… 连接
近义词：________________
反义词：____________________
e.g. It was officially opened on March 7, 1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
(—— N2, L64, The Channel Tunnel)
e.g. The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island.
(—— N3. L17, The longest suspense bridge in the world)
link to / join to
disconnect…from…
(1) The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
词组：connect…to/with… 连接
翻译：喜马拉雅山在中国和尼泊尔交界处。
_________________________________________
The Himalayas connects China to Nepal.
(1) The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
翻译：高速铁路把江浙沪地区的主要城市都连接了起来，
这使得交通、旅游和商业都变得更加便捷。
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_____________
China Railway High-speed connects the major cities in Shanghai, Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province, which makes the transportation, tourism and business more convenient.
(2) At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
词组：at…metres __________
省略了at … metres (above sea level)
也可以说：____________________
翻译：海拔8844米，珠穆朗玛峰是世界的最高峰。
_______________________________________________________
_________________________________
扩展：latitude (+方位词) 表示：______
longitude (+方位词) 表示：______
海拔…米
the altitude of...is...
At 8844 meters, The Everest of Himalayas (Qomolongma) is the highest peak in the world.
纬度
经度
(2) At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
词组：at…metres 海拔…米
扩展：at介词词组用于句首表示原因、条件或状态
翻译：At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.
_________________________________
1.65米的身高，他还是算有点矮的。
(3) The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away.
语法：which引导 ________________
特点：有逗号和主句隔开，缺少也不影响全句理解，
不能用that。
翻译：太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
_________________________________________________
____________________
非限制性定语从句
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow.
(3) The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away.
单词：found v. _____
近义词：_________________
单词：lie v. 位于；躺；名列，排名（lie-lay-lain；lying）
v. 撒谎（lie-lied-lied；lying）
扩展：表示地理位置的lie系列：
Shanghai lies ___ the east of China.
Japan lies ___ the east of China.
Korea lies ___ the east of China.
建立
establish, set up
in
to
on
(4) For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travelers crossing the dangerous Pass.
语法：crossing the dangerous Pass 现在分词作 __________
翻译：多年以来，当地的居民拯救了很多向这个山峰发出挑战的人。
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
___________
后置定语
For dozens of years, the original inhabitants have saved the lives challenging the dangerous mountain.
(5) These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.
语法：which引导 ________________
单词：watchdog n. 看门狗
扩展：一词多义
1. She is the global watchdog for human rights abuses.
她是全球侵犯人权事件的 ________
2. The country’s state assets watchdog has ordered a probe（调查） into the salary growth of employees of state-owned enterprises.
________________ 要求调查国企雇员的薪资增长问题。
非限制性定语从句
监察者
国有资产监察方
(5) These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.
扩展：Roman times 罗马时代；也称：_______________
Three periods of Ancient Rome：
1. Roman Kingdom (753 BC – 509 BC)
2. Roman Republic (509 BC – 27 BC)
3. Roman Empire (27 BC – 476 AD) until the fall of the western empire、
Then, Europe entered the Middle Ages(中世纪)
Ancient Rome
(6) Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.
语法：now that 引导 _____________ = _______ 意为：__________
通常位于句首，表达：_____________________________
e.g. Since / Now that everyone is here, let’s begin to eat.
翻译：既然你已经长大了，那么你就要对自己的行为负责。
_________________________________________________________
____________________________
原因状语从句
since
既然；由于
显而易见，无需过多解释的原因
Now that you've grown up, you should be responsible for your behavior/what you do.
(6) Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.
词组：send out ______
一词多义：She had sent out well over 400 invitations that afternoon.
__________
词组：in difficulty ___________
扩展：in + n. 表达 ______________
派遣
分发；散发
处于困难中
处于…状态中
(7) Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
单词：despite prep. ______ = in spite of / regardless of
※ 后面加名词；不能跟句子。
翻译： In Tokyo, despite the capital's high business costs, 1.6 jobs exist for every applicant.
________________________________________________________________
翻译：尽管我做出了种种努力，我还是没能获得我想要的这个实习机会。
________________________________________________________________
尽管
在东京，尽管商业成本高昂，但每个求职者仍可以获得1.6个就业机会。
Despite all my efforts, I still didn't obtain the internship I wanted.
(7) Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
语法：who引导 _________
单词：rashly adv. 莽撞地，冒失地
扩展(反义词)：__________ adv. 小心翼翼地
翻译：做出任何轻率的决定之前，一定要弄清楚你真正想要的是什么。
______________________________________________________________
________________
定语从句
cautiously
You should make sure what you really want before making any rash decisions.
(7) Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
词组：attempt to 企图，打算 = __________________
翻译： A bold attempt is half success.
________________________
intend to / plan to
大胆尝试是成功的一半。
(8) During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.
翻译：在每年春天的3至5月和秋天的9至10月，喜马拉雅山非常的忙碌，因为有成千上万的人驾车远道而来到这里来看看这个世界最高峰。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
During the spring months from March to May or the autumn months from September to October, the Himalayas is very busy , who come a long way to have a look at the highest mountain.
(9) As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.
单词：about adv. 到处 = around
e.g. Don’t litter waste paper about.
词组：look about _________ go about _________
run about _________ wander about _________
扩展：about prep. ______
e.g. If you put something about a person or thing, you put it around them.
四处寻找
四处走动
四处奔波
四处徘徊
围绕
(9) As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.
单词：enclosure n. 围场，圈地
扩展：Enclosure Movement（英国历史上的）圈地运动
一词多义：An enclosure is something that is placed in an envelope with a letter ______
派生：enclose v. ________________________________
e.g. I have enclosed a cheque for 10.
附件
把…围起来；把…装入信封，附上
(9) As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.
翻译：因为很多时间都在户外，所以那些身体不够强壮的人就建议不要去了。
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
As you may spend much time outdoors, visitors who are not physically strong are not suggested to go.
(10) In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
(11) The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.
词组：drop to vs. drop by （______________）
反义：rise to / rise by
单词：-30°读作
____________________________________
下降到 / 下降了
30 below zero / 30 minus / minus30
(12) The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy.
词组：prefer A to B（比起B更喜欢A）
也可单独使用prefer to do，意为：_______________________
扩展：prefer相关词组（比起做B更爱做A）
1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
翻译：很多富翁宁愿富有地死去也不愿意把钱捐给慈善事业。
__________________________________________________________________
____________
偏爱，宁愿；更喜欢……
prefer doing A to doing B
prefer to do A rather than do B
would rather do A than do B
Many rich people prefer to die rich rather than donate their money to charity.
(12) The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy.
单词：monk n. 和尚，僧侣
扩展：尼姑 ______ 修女 _______
单词：privacy n. 清净，隐居
扩展(一词多义)： I value my privacy. 我重视自己的 _____
派生：________ adj. 私人的，私有的
e.g. _______________________（—— NCE2, L1）
nun
sister
隐私
private
A private conversation
(13) The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.
单词：wander v. _______
扩展(近义)： _____________
e.g. During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly
wandered into the middle of the ring.
(—— N2, L70, Red for danger)
闲逛
hang around
(14) The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
单词：regular adj. _________________
扩展(反义)： _________ adj. 不规则的
单词：party n. _____________
e.g. the Communist Party of China
单词：skier n. 滑雪者
词组：__________ 去滑雪
单词：Easter n 复活节
（a Christian festival when Jesus Christ‘s return to life is celebrated. ）
定期的，有规律的
irregular
组，队；党派
go skiing
(14) The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
翻译：冬天常来喜马拉雅山的只有一批专业的登山者，他们想来这儿习惯这里的气候。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
The only regular visitors to the place in winter are some professional mountain climbers who wish to get themselves used to the climate here.
(15) These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard’s monastery.
翻译：只要来观看风景或挑战冒险的人都会受到当地居民的热烈欢迎。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All the people, who come to Himalayas for viewing and challenging , will receive a warm welcome from the inhabitants.
part 3
grammar
连接词中文释义 连接词
当……时候 when, ________, as
在……之前/后 before, ____ the time, after
一……就…… as soon as, ________________, __________________,
直到 ______
自从 __________
状语从句1：时间、条件、原因、地点
时间状语从句
while
by
hardly…when…
no sonner…than…
until
since
状语从句1：时间、条件、原因、地点
时间状语从句
考点1：when, while, as（同时发生在过去）
规则：延续性动词 —— ___________；瞬间动词 —— ___________
考点2：before, after, by the time（先后发生在过去）
规则：先发生 —— ___________；后发生 —— ___________
考点3：“一……就……系列”
规则：hardly / no sooner + ___________ ；when / than + ___________
过去进行时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般过去时
状语从句1：时间、条件、原因、地点
时间状语从句
考点4：since
规则：主句—— ___________；从句 —— ___________
考点5：发生在将来
规则：时间状语从句，无论什么连词，只要是表达尚未发生的事
一律：_________
现在完成时
一般过去时
主将从现
状语从句1：时间、条件、原因、地点
exercise
1. Tom knew nothing about it ______ his sister told him.
A、since B、if C、until D、because
2. The two boys were walking along the river _____ they heard a shout for help.
A. although　　　B、so that C. when　　 　D. since
3. I _____ a lot of good things about you before I _____ back from abroad.
A. have heard；came B. heard；came
C. heard；had come D. had heard；came
C
C
D
状语从句1：时间、条件、原因、地点
条件状语从句
连接词中文释义 连接词
如果 if
除非 ________ = if…not
只要 ____________
*假如；倘若 ____________________
*在…的条件下 _________________
unless
as long as
provided / providing
on condition that
状语从句1：时间、条件、原因、地点
条件状语从句
考点：时态规则
__________； __________ ； __________
翻译：除非你有预约，否则我们不能让你进去。
_______________________________________________________________
主将从现
主情从现
主祈从现
Unless you have the appointment, we cannot allow you to enter.
状语从句1：时间、条件、原因、地点
原因状语从句
考点：连接词区别
1. because
特点：a. 语气最强 b. 回答why提问 c. 表达直接原因
2. since / now that / as
特点：a. _____________ b. ___________
表达显性原因
多位于句首
状语从句1：时间、条件、原因、地点
地点状语从句
定义：用一句话来表达地点、 方位
e.g. We must camp where we can get water.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
考点：地点状语从句 vs. 定语从句
The city plans to build a park _____ there used to be a lake.
A. in which B. that C. which D. where
D
状语从句1：时间、条件、原因、地点
exercise
1. She says that she’ ll have to close the shop ______ business improves.
A. if B. unless C. after D. when
2. A number of high buildings have arisen ______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when B. where C. before D. until
3. You can borrow my car ______ you promise not to drive too fast.
A. unless B. even if C. in case D. as long as
4. As it reported, it is 100 years ______ Qinghua University was founded.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
B
B
D
D
part 4
bonus
St. Bernard dogs
自18世纪以来，他们就在瑞士的基督教堂被养殖：由一只公獒犬以及一只母的纽芬兰犬培养。由于那个教堂的名字是：圣·唐·松·伯纳德*（St. down·song·bernard），所以起名为伯纳德犬。饲养目的是为了拯救在阿尔卑斯山脉（Alps moutains）迷路或受伤的人们：经常在脖子上挂着一个兰姆酒桶。据说一只这样的犬一天内拯救了40个人的生命。他们力量大，有爱心。看起来脸总是囧囧的。

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