资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台人教版八年级上册Unit3 Same or Different导学案(学与练)一、学习目标。词汇目标:掌握本单元重点词汇,如compare、loud、perform、solve、different、similar、alike等,以及相关短语,如compare...with...、be different from、be similar to、have...in common等,并能正确拼写、发音和运用。学会根据语境运用词汇的适当形式,如形容词与副词的转换、名词的单复数形式等。语法目标:理解并掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法,包括规则变化和不规则变化。学会运用比较级和最高级进行人物、事物之间的比较,掌握“as...as”“not as/so...as”“比较级 + and + 比较级”“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”等特殊句型的用法。了解选择疑问句的结构和回答方式。阅读目标:通过阅读关于人物对比、事物比较的文章,提高阅读理解能力,能够获取关键信息、理解文章主旨和细节。学会运用略读、扫读、精读等阅读技巧,分析文章结构,把握作者的观点和态度。能够根据文章内容进行推理、判断和归纳总结。写作目标:能够运用所学的词汇和语法知识,描述人物或事物的相同点和不同点,完成写作任务。学会组织文章结构,运用恰当的连接词使文章连贯、流畅,表达清晰、准确。能够根据写作要求,合理安排内容,突出重点,展现自己的语言运用能力。口语目标:能够运用比较级和相关词汇、句型,在日常生活中比较人物、事物,交流个人观点和看法。积极参与课堂讨论和小组活动,与同学进行互动交流,提高口语表达的流利度和准确性,培养英语思维能力和交际能力。二、知识点梳理(一)词汇重点单词compare:/k m'pe (r)/ v. 比较;对比 ,常与with或to搭配 。compare...with...表示“把……和……作比较”,强调两者差异 ,如:Compare your answers with those at the back of the book.(把你的答案与书后的答案作比较。);compare...to...表示“把……比作……”,侧重于相似之处 ,如:Poets often compare life to a dream.(诗人常把人生比作一场梦。)loud:/la d/ adv. 响亮地;adj. 大声的 。作副词时,修饰动词,放在动词之后 ,如:Speak loud, please.(请大声说。);作形容词时,修饰名词,放在名词之前 ,如:a loud voice(大声)perform:/p 'f m/ v. 表演;执行 。表示“表演”时,指在观众面前展示才艺 ,如:perform a play(表演戏剧);表示“执行”时,常与任务、工作等搭配 ,如:perform a task(执行任务)solve:/s lv/ v. 解决;解答 ,常与problem、mystery等搭配 ,如:solve a problem(解决问题)different:/ d fr nt/ adj. 不同的 ,名词形式为difference ,常用短语be different from ,表示“与……不同” ,如:My lifestyle is different from yours.(我的生活方式和你的不同。)similar:/ s m l (r)/ adj. 相似的 ,名词形式为similarity ,常用短语be similar to ,表示“与……相似” ,如:My new dress is similar to the one you have.(我的新裙子和你的那条相似。)alike:/ la k/ adj. 相像的;adv. 相似地 ,常作表语,如:The two sisters look alike.(这两姐妹看起来很像。);They think alike.(他们想法相似。)interest:/ ntr st/ n. 业余爱好;兴趣 ;v. 使感兴趣 。作名词时,常与in搭配 ,show interest in(对……表现出兴趣) ,如:He shows great interest in music.(他对音乐表现出极大的兴趣。);作动词时,常用被动语态be interested in(对……感兴趣) ,如:I am interested in reading novels.(我对读小说感兴趣。)humour:/ hju m (r)/ n. 幽默;幽默感 ,形容词形式为humorous(有幽默感的) ,如:He has a good sense of humour.(他很有幽默感。)sense:/sens/ n. 理解力;感觉 ;v. 意识到;感觉到 ,常与of搭配 ,如:a sense of direction(方向感);I sense that he is unhappy.(我感觉到他不开心。)词形变化perform(v. 表演) - performance(n. 表演;表现) - performer(n. 表演者)solve(v. 解决) - solution(n. 解决办法)different(adj. 不同的) - differently(adv. 不同地) - difference(n. 差异)similar(adj. 相似的) - similarly(adv. 相似地) - similarity(n. 相似之处)interest(v. 使感兴趣) - interesting(adj. 有趣的,形容事物) - interested(adj. 感兴趣的,形容人)humour(n. 幽默) - humorous(adj. 有幽默感的) - humorously(adv. 幽默地)重点短语compare...with/to...:把……与……比较 / 比作be different from:与……不同be similar to:与……相似have...in common:有共同之处as...as:像……一样…… ,中间用形容词或副词原级not as/so...as:不如…… ,中间用形容词或副词原级the same as:和……相同;与……一致care about:关心;担心thanksto:归功于;由于;因为make a mistake:犯错误by accident:偶然;意外地lend (sb.) a hand:帮助(某人)(二)句型比较级句型:A + be + 比较级 + than + B:表示“A比B更……” ,如:My sister is taller than me.(我姐姐比我高。)比较级 + and + 比较级:表示“越来越……” ,如:Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.(我们的国家变得越来越强大。)the + 比较级,the + 比较级:表示“越……,越……” ,如:The harder you study, the better grades you will get.(你学习越努力,你得到的成绩就越好。)原级比较句型:A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B:表示“A和B一样……” ,如:Tom is as tall as Jack.(汤姆和杰克一样高。)A + 实义动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B:表示“A和B做某事一样……” ,如:He runs as fast as I do.(他跑得和我一样快。)A + be + not as/so + 形容词原级 + as + B:表示“A不如B……” ,如:This book is not as interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本书有趣。)A + 实义动词 + not as/so + 副词原级 + as + B:表示“A做某事不如B……” ,如:She doesn't dance as well as her sister.(她跳舞不如她姐姐好。)选择疑问句句型:一般疑问句 + or + 选择部分?:如:Do you like apples or bananas (你喜欢苹果还是香蕉?)Which/Who + 动词 + 比较级,A or B?:表示“哪一个/谁更……,A还是B?” ,如:Which is bigger, the sun or the moon (太阳和月亮哪一个更大?);Who is more outgoing, Lucy or Lily (露西和莉莉谁更外向?)(三)语法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级:构成规则:规则变化:一般在词尾加 -er构成比较级,加 -est构成最高级 ,如:tall - taller - tallest ,fast - faster - fastest 。以字母e结尾的词,加 -r构成比较级,加 -st构成最高级 ,如:nice - nicer - nicest ,fine - finer - finest 。重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加 -er构成比较级,加 -est构成最高级 ,如:big - bigger - biggest ,hot - hotter - hottest 。以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加 -er构成比较级,加 -est构成最高级 ,如:happy - happier - happiest ,early - earlier - earliest 。多音节词和部分双音节词在前面加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级 ,如:interesting - more interesting - most interesting ,carefully - more carefully - most carefully 。不规则变化:good/well - better - best ,bad/badly - worse - worst ,many/much - more - most ,little - less - least ,far - farther/further - farthest/furthest (farther指具体距离,较远的;further指抽象程度,进一步的 ),old - older/elder - oldest/eldest (older指年龄大或物品旧;elder指年长 )用法:比较级:用于两者之间的比较 ,常与than连用 ,如:He is taller than his brother.(他比他哥哥高。);可被a little、a bit、a lot、much、even、still、far、rather等修饰 ,表示程度上的差异 ,如:This book is much more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本书有趣得多。)最高级:用于三者或三者以上的比较 ,形容词最高级前通常要加the ,副词最高级前the可省略 ,常与in、of等短语连用表示比较范围 ,如:He is the tallest in our class.(他是我们班最高的。);Which season do you like (the) best (你最喜欢哪个季节?)选择疑问句:结构:一般疑问句 + or + 选择部分? 或 Which/Who + 动词 + 比较级,A or B?回答:不能用yes或no回答,需从提供的选项中选择其一进行回答 ,如:—Do you like tea or coffee (你喜欢茶还是咖啡?) —Coffee.(咖啡。);—Who is taller, Tom or Jim (汤姆和吉姆谁更高?) —Tom.(汤姆。)(四)课文内容本单元围绕“Same or Different”的主题展开,通过不同的对话和文章,引导学生学习如何比较人和事物的相同点和不同点,以及探讨朋友之间应该相似还是不同。Section A:通过学生之间的对话,呈现了在学习、生活等方面对人物进行比较的场景 。例如,比较两个人的学习成绩、性格特点、兴趣爱好等 ,运用了比较级和原级比较的句型 ,如:Who is more hard - working, you or your sister (你和你姐姐谁更勤奋?);I work as hard as her.(我和她学习一样努力。) ,同时引入了一些描述人物特点的词汇,如outgoing、shy、lazy、hard - working等 。Section B:可能包含关于朋友之间异同的讨论文章或故事 ,如讲述两个性格、爱好不同的人成为好朋友的经历 ,分析他们在相处过程中如何相互理解、相互学习 ,体现了朋友之间既可以有相似之处,也可以存在差异 。文章中会涉及到表达朋友之间关系的词汇和短语,如friendship、care about、help each other等 ,以及运用比较级和选择疑问句来探讨朋友之间的关系,如:Should friends be similar or different (朋友应该是相似的还是不同的呢?)三、随堂练习(一)词汇运用(每题2分,共20分)Can you help me ________ (compare) the two pictures I can't find the differences.She sang so ________ (loud) that everyone could hear her.The students will ________ (perform) a short play at the school art festival.We should try our best to ________ (solve) the problems we meet.My lifestyle is quite ________ (difference) from my sister's.These two stories have many ________ (similar) in plot.My brother and I have nothing in ________ (common). We like different things.Are you ________ (interest) in playing basketball She has a good sense of ________ (humorous). Her jokes always make us laugh.I can't make a decision. Can you give me some ________ (advice) (二)单项选择(每题2分,共20分)My father is ________ than my mother.A. busy B. busier C. more busy D. the busiest—Which city is ________, Beijing or Shanghai —Shanghai, I think.A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largestThis book is not as ________ as that one.A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interestingMy sister is ________ than me. She likes talking with others.A. quiet B. quieter C. outgoing D. more outgoingThe ________ you study, the ________ grades you will get.A. hard; good B. harder; better C. hardest; best D. harder; goodTom is ________ in our class.A. tall B. taller C. the tallest D. tallest—Do you like apples or oranges —________. I like bananas.A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. AllShe is ________ to go to school by herself.A. enough old B. old enough C. enough young D. young enoughMy best friend is good at ________.A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swimsThanks ________ your help, I passed the exam.A. for B. to C. with D. at(三)句型转换(每题3分,共15分)My sister is taller than me.(改为同义句)I am ________ ________ my sister.This book is more interesting than that one.(改为一般疑问句)________ this book ________ ________ than that one He runs as fast as his brother.(改为否定句)He ________ run as fast as his brother.She is the tallest girl in her class.(改为同义句)She is taller than ________ ________ girl in her class.Tom is 13 years old. Jim is 14 years old.(合并为一句)Jim is ________ ________ Tom.(四)阅读理解(每题5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,回答问题。My name is Lily. I have a good friend named Lucy. We are in the same class.Lucy is 13 years old. She is one year older than me. She is taller and thinner than me. Lucy is outgoing and likes talking with others. I am a little shy. But we both like reading books. We often go to the library together.Lucy is good at math, and I do well in English. We often help each other with our studies. She helps me with math, and I help her with English.On weekends, we sometimes go to the park. We fly kites and play games there. We always have a good time together.How old is Lily What do Lucy and Lily both like What do they often do on weekends (五)书面表达(10分)请以“My Best Friend and I”为题,写一篇短文,比较你和你最好的朋友的相同点和不同点 。要求:1. 包含外貌、性格、爱好等方面的比较;2. 不少于80词 。答案(一)词汇运用compare(help sb. do sth. 后接动词原形)loudly(修饰动词sang,用副词形式)perform(will后接动词原形)solve(try one's best to do sth. 后接动词原形)different(be different from 是固定搭配,用形容词形式)similarities(many后接名词复数,similar的名词形式为similarity)common(have...in common 是固定短语,用名词形式)interested(be interested in 是固定搭配,形容人“感兴趣的”)humour(a sense of humour 是固定短语,用名词形式)advice(advice是不可数名词,无复数形式)(二)单项选择答案B(由than可知用比较级,busy的比较级为busier)B(两者比较用比较级,large的比较级为larger)A(as...as 中间用形容词原级)D(由than可知用比较级,outgoing的比较级为more outgoing)B(“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”表示“越……,越……”)C(三者及以上比较用最高级,形容词最高级前加the)C(由“I like bananas”可知两者都不喜欢,用neither)B(enough修饰形容词时后置,意为“足够大”)B(be good at 后接动名词形式)A(thanks for 表示“因……而感谢”,固定搭配)(三)句型转换答案shorter than(“我比姐姐矮”是原句“姐姐比我高”的同义表达)Is; more interesting(一般疑问句将be动词is提前,比较级结构不变)doesn't(否定句借助助动词doesn't,后接动词原形)any other(“她是班上最高的女孩”等同于“她比班上其他任何女孩都高”)older than(合并后表达“吉姆比汤姆大”)(四)阅读理解答案Lily is 12 years old.(由“Lucy is 13 years old. She is one year older than me”可知)They both like reading books.(由“But we both like reading books”可知)They sometimes go to the park, fly kites and play games there.(由“On weekends, we sometimes go to the park. We fly kites and play games there”可知)(五)书面表达参考范文My Best Friend and IMy best friend is Linda. She is taller than me, but I have longer hair than her. Linda is more outgoing and loves talking to everyone, while I am a little quiet. However, we have some similarities. We both enjoy playing tennis and listening to music. She is better at math, and I do well in English, so we often help each other with our studies. Even though we are different in some ways, our friendship is very strong. I feel lucky to have her as my friend.21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览